Electroencephalographic Findings in Treatment-Seeking Homosexuals Compared with Heterosexuals: a Controlled Study

1975 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Papatheophilou ◽  
Sheelah James ◽  
A. Orwin
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Study ◽  
Treatment Seeking ◽  
Initial Series ◽  
Eeg Abnormalities ◽  
Convulsive Threshold

During the course of research into the reorientating of homosexuals routine EEGs were taken to identify patients with low convulsive threshold to exclude them from treatment (aversion). In an initial series of 28 homosexuals 4 showed EEG abnormalities related to organic conditions, but EEGs of the otherwise apparently normal treatment seeking homosexuals showed more marked overbreathing response than would have been expected by chance.

scholarly journals Corticosteroids versus clobazam in epileptic encephalopathy with ESES: a European multicentre randomised controlled clinical trial (RESCUE ESES*)

Trials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bart van den Munckhof ◽  
◽  
Alexis Arzimanoglou ◽  
Emilio Perucca ◽  
Heleen C. van Teeseling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Treatment Response ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Epileptic Encephalopathy ◽  
Cognitive Outcome ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Epilepsy Syndrome ◽  
Eeg Abnormalities ◽  
Randomised Controlled

Abstract Background Epileptic encephalopathy with electrical status epilepticus in sleep (ESES) is an epilepsy syndrome occurring almost exclusively in children, usually at an age between 4 and 12 years. It is characterised by abundant sleep-induced epileptic activity in the electroencephalogram (EEG) and by acquired cognitive and behavioural deficits. The goal of treatment is to prevent further decline or even improve cognitive functioning. Based on mostly small and retrospective studies, corticosteroids and clobazam are regarded by many clinicians as the most effective pharmacological treatments. This European multicentre randomised controlled trial is designed to compare the effects of corticosteroids and clobazam on cognitive functioning after 6 months. Secondary outcomes include cognitive functioning after 18 months, EEG abnormalities in sleep, safety and tolerability, and seizure frequency. We also aimed at investigating whether treatment response in epileptic encephalopathy with ESES can be predicted by measurement of inflammatory mediators and autoantibodies in serum. Methods The pragmatic study will be performed in centres with expertise in the treatment of rare paediatric epilepsy syndromes across Europe. A total of 130 patients, 2 to 12 years of age, with epileptic encephalopathy with ESES will be enrolled and randomised in a 1:1 ratio to receive either corticosteroids (monthly intravenous methylprednisolone pulses or daily oral prednisolone) or oral clobazam for 6 months according to an open-label parallel-group design. Follow-up visits with clinical assessment, EEGs, and neuropsychological testing are scheduled for up to 18 months. Blood samples for cytokine and autoantibody testing are obtained before treatment and 8 months after treatment initiation. Discussion The treatment of epileptic encephalopathy with ESES aims at improving cognitive outcome. This randomised controlled study will compare the most frequently used treatments, i.e. corticosteroids and clobazam. If the study proves superiority of one treatment over the other or identifies biomarkers of treatment response, results will guide clinicians in the early treatment of this severe epilepsy syndrome. Trial registration ISRCTN, ISRCTN42686094. Registered on 24 May 2013.

Impact of childhood trauma on co-morbidity among alcohol dependent patients: Controlled study

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s864-s864
Author(s):  
D. Gulec Oyekcin ◽  
A. Gurgen
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorders ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Treatment Seeking ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Physical Neglect ◽  
Alcohol Dependent

IntroductionChildhood trauma has been found to be prevalent in treatment-seeking alcoholics.ObjectivesWe aimed to investigate the childhood trauma prevalence among alcohol dependent patients and the prevalence of psychiatric co-morbidity.MethodsA total of 61 participants were assessed; 35 treatment-seeking alcohol dependent patients and 26 age-gender matched controls in the addiction division of psychiatry department of Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University. After describing the study and obtaining informed consent, participants were assessed with demographic questionnaires, followed by the structured clinical interview for the DSM-IV-TR and childhood trauma questionnaire (CTQ-28).ResultThe 91.4% of the patients were male, mean age was 42.03 ± 12.9. The overall prevalence of CTE of the alcohol dependent patients was (88.6%) higher than the control (42.3%) group. Respectively the prevalence of physical neglect was 80%, emotional neglect 74.3%, emotional abuse was 51.4%, physical abuse 40% and sexual abuse 28.6%. For psychiatric disorders 96.8% of the alcohol dependent patients with childhood trauma reported any of the psychiatric disorders, 64.5% ever having a mood disorder with 25.8% ever having any anxiety disorders, and 16.1% ever having attention and hyperactivity disorder. The most common psychiatric co-morbidity was found to be as depression (58.1%).ConclusionsIn conclusion alcohol use disorders are thought to be associated with childhood trauma. Patients with alcohol use disorders are exposed to have more childhood trauma. Childhood trauma is associated with psychiatric co-morbidity especially depression. We have to ask for childhood trauma in alcohol dependent patients with psychiatric co-morbidity.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Corticosteroids versus clobazam in epileptic encephalopathy with ESES: a European multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial (RESCUE ESES*)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bart van den Munckhof ◽  
Alexis Arzimanoglou ◽  
Emilio Perucca ◽  
Heleen C. van Teeseling ◽  
Frans S.S. Leijten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Treatment Response ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Epileptic Encephalopathy ◽  
Cognitive Outcome ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Epilepsy Syndrome ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Eeg Abnormalities

Abstract Background: Epileptic encephalopathy with electrical status epilepticus in sleep (ESES) is an epilepsy syndrome occurring almost exclusively in children, usually at an age between 4 and 12 years. It is characterized by abundant sleep-induced epileptic activity in the electroencephalogram (EEG) and by acquired cognitive and behavioural deficits. The goal of treatment is to prevent further decline or even improve cognitive functioning. Based on mostly small and retrospective studies, corticosteroids and clobazam are regarded by many clinicians as the most effective pharmacological treatments. This European multicentre randomized controlled trial is designed to compare the effects of corticosteroids and clobazam on cognitive functioning after 6 months. Secondary outcomes include cognitive functioning after 18 months, EEG abnormalities in sleep, safety and tolerability, and seizure frequency. We also aimed at investigating whether treatment response in epileptic encephalopathy with ESES can be predicted by measurement of inflammatory mediators and auto-antibodies in serum.Methods: The pragmatic study will be performed in centres with expertise in the treatment of rare paediatric epilepsy syndromes across Europe. 130 patients, 2 to 12 years of age, with epileptic encephalopathy with ESES will be enrolled and randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive either corticosteroids (monthly intravenous methylprednisolone pulses or daily oral prednisolone) or oral clobazam for 6 months according to an open-label parallel-group design. Follow-up visits with clinical assessment, EEGs and neuropsychological testing are scheduled for up to 18 months. Blood samples for cytokine and auto-antibody testing are obtained before treatment and after 8 months of treatment.Discussion: The treatment of epileptic encephalopathy with ESES aims at improving cognitive outcome. This randomized controlled study will compare the most frequently used treatments, i.e. corticosteroids and clobazam. If the study proves superiority of one treatment over the other or identifies biomarkers of treatment response, results will guide clinicians in the early treatment of this severe epilepsy syndrome.Trial registration: ISRCTN, ISRCTN42686094, registered 24 May 2013, http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN42686094

scholarly journals Corticosteroids versus clobazam in epileptic encephalopathy with ESES: a European multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial (RESCUE ESES*)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bart van den Munckhof ◽  
Alexis Arzimanoglou ◽  
Emilio Perucca ◽  
Heleen C. van Teeseling ◽  
Frans S.S. Leijten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Treatment Response ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Epileptic Encephalopathy ◽  
Cognitive Outcome ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Epilepsy Syndrome ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Eeg Abnormalities

Abstract Background: Epileptic encephalopathy with electrical status epilepticus in sleep (ESES) is an epilepsy syndrome occurring almost exclusively in children, usually at an age between 4 and 12 years. It is characterized by abundant sleep-induced epileptic activity in the electroencephalogram (EEG) and by acquired cognitive and behavioural deficits. The goal of treatment is to prevent further decline or even improve cognitive functioning. Based on mostly small and retrospective studies, corticosteroids and clobazam are regarded by many clinicians as the most effective pharmacological treatments. This European multicentre randomized controlled trial is designed to compare the effects of corticosteroids and clobazam on cognitive functioning after 6 months. Secondary outcomes include cognitive functioning after 18 months, EEG abnormalities in sleep, safety and tolerability, and seizure frequency. We also aimed at investigating whether treatment response in epileptic encephalopathy with ESES can be predicted by measurement of inflammatory mediators and auto-antibodies in serum.Methods: The pragmatic study will be performed in centres with expertise in the treatment of rare paediatric epilepsy syndromes across Europe. 130 patients, 2 to 12 years of age, with epileptic encephalopathy with ESES will be enrolled and randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive either corticosteroids (monthly intravenous methylprednisolone pulses or daily oral prednisolone) or oral clobazam for 6 months according to an open-label parallel-group design. Follow-up visits with clinical assessment, EEGs and neuropsychological testing are scheduled for up to 18 months. Blood samples for cytokine and auto-antibody testing are obtained before treatment and after 8 months of treatment.Discussion: The treatment of epileptic encephalopathy with ESES aims at improving cognitive outcome. This randomized controlled study will compare the most frequently used treatments, i.e. corticosteroids and clobazam. If the study proves superiority of one treatment over the other or identifies biomarkers of treatment response, results will guide clinicians in the early treatment of this severe epilepsy syndrome.Trial registration: ISRCTN, ISRCTN42686094, registered 24 May 2013, http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN42686094

Application of a Simple Cold Stub to the Direct Observation of Frozen Hydrated Sand

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 212-213
Author(s):  
John M. Wehrung ◽  
Richard J. Harniman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Direct Observation ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Clay Particles ◽  
Organic Debris ◽  
Rock Formations ◽  
Water Tables ◽  
Permeable Rock ◽  
Natural Means

Water tables in aquifer regions of the southwest United States are dropping off at a rate which is greater than can be replaced by natural means. It is estimated that by 1985 wells will run dry in this region unless adequate artificial recharging can be accomplished. Recharging with surface water is limited by the plugging of permeable rock formations underground by clay particles and organic debris.A controlled study was initiated in which sand grains were used as the rock formation and water with known clay concentrations as the recharge media. The plugging mechanism was investigated by direct observation in the SEM of frozen hydrated sand samples from selected depths.

Studies on Ultrastructure and Cytochemistry of Right Ventricular Endomyocardial Biopsy

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-257
Author(s):  
Xia Mingyu ◽  
Ma Wengshu ◽  
Wu Xiangh ◽  
Chen Dong
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Right Ventricular ◽  
Dilated Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Endomyocardial Biopsy ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Ultrastructural Localization ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Myocardial Biopsy ◽  
Morphological Assessment ◽  
Rheumatic Heart

This paper describes morphological and cytochemistry changes of endomyocardial biopsy in 94 patients. The samples of myoicardium were taken from 32 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy, and sdudied with light and electron microscop. The cytochemical studies in some of these patients were performed at histological and ultrastructure level. This paper also reported the result of myocardial biopsy in 33 patients with serious dysrythmia.The result of this controlled study indicates that morphological assessment in both cardiomyopathy and congenital or rheumatic heart diseases showed no special changes. In patients of dilated cardiomyopathy, the decreased activity of myosin ATPase was secondary to cardial failure. The change of succinate dehydrogenase (SDHase) was not significant with light microscopy. But ultrastructural localization of SDHase activity is valuable. Its activity was found to be localized in endomembrane and ridge of the mitochondria, the activity of this enzyme was decrease, normal, or increase. SDHase activity was more intense in cardial myocytes well-functioning, or ultrastructurally well preserved hearts.

Morphometric analysis of peroxisomes in hepatocytes of alcohol-fed rats

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 1100-1101
Author(s):  
D.C. Dominguez ◽  
J.T. Ellzey
Keyword(s):  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Volume Density ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Numerical Density ◽  
Cacodylate Buffer ◽  
Paired Control ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Liver Peroxisomes ◽  
Single Lesion

Peroxisomes which participate in 1ipid metabolism have been shown to be altered in several metabolic disorders and toxic conditions. In alcoholic liver disease, the single lesion most frequently found is lipid accumu1ation in hepatocytes. However, the mechanisms for this 1ipid accumu1ation are not clear. The occurrence of modifications of liver peroxisomes due to excess alcohol consumption has not been subjected to a controlled study. We utilized a combination of cytochemica1 and morphometrictechniques to study the size and number of liver peroxisomes in rats fed an alcohol-supplemented diet compared to those of matched-paired control animals.Male Sprague-Daw1ey rats (400-500 g) received a liquid diet. The experimental group (N = 5/group) was fed a diet containing 30% ethanol-derived calories (EDC) and the control group was fed an isocaloric diet to 30% EDC. A pair feeding procedure was employed to control for caloric intake. Small pieces of liver randomly selected, were fixed in 2.3% -glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M sodium cacodylate buffer, pH 7.2, incubated in a DAB medium and postfixed with. 2% aqueous osmium tetroxide. EM photographs were taken from sections of 3 tissue blocks from each sample (7,200X) with a Zeiss EM10-A (60 kV). With the use of a point counting method and a digital planimeter the volume density (Vv) and numerical density (Nv) were determined.

Myringotomy in acute otitis media. A controlled study

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 197 (11) ◽  
pp. 849-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. F. Roddey
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Controlled Study
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