Life Events and Maintenance Therapy in Schizophrenic Relapse

1973 ◽  
Vol 123 (577) ◽  
pp. 659-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Leff ◽  
S. R. Hirsch ◽  
R. Gaind ◽  
P. Rohde ◽  
B. C. Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Maintenance Therapy ◽  
Environmental Stress ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Life Event ◽  
Acute Schizophrenia ◽  
Independent Events ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Significant Concentration

The possible role of environmental stress in precipitating the onset or relapse of acute schizophrenia was investigated by Brown and Birley (1968), Birley and Brown (1970). They enquired about events which could be dated to a definite point in time and which usually involved either actual or threatened danger or important fulfilments or disappointments. They distinguished between independent events, which were outside the control of the subject, and possibly independent events, which were not so clearly out of his control but which seemed unlikely to be produced by unusual behaviour of the subject himself. In their main group of patients a significant concentration of independent events (about 60 per cent) was found in the three weeks preceding onset or relapse of schizophrenia. In examining two small sub-groups they found that 4 of 13 patients (31 per cent) who relapsed after reducing or discontinuing phenothiazine therapy had experienced a life event in the three weeks before relapse, compared with 3 of 5 patients (60 per cent) who had been taking phenothiazines regularly at the time of relapse. Although these proportions are very different, the numbers in the groups are too small for the difference to reach significance. Furthermore the groups were not matched in any way, and there may be important differences between patients who discontinue medication themselves and those who carry on taking it regularly.

Life Events and Schizophrenia

1986 ◽  
Vol 148 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. F. Al Khani ◽  
P. E. Bebbington ◽  
J. P. Watson ◽  
F. House
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Single Women ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Arabic Version ◽  
Life Event ◽  
Acute Schizophrenia ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Event Histories

Using an Arabic version of the PSE, supplemented by CATEGO, we selected 48 patients with acute schizophrenia from the population of the Najd region of Saudi Arabia. Their life-event histories for the six months before onset or relapse were compared with those of 62 control subjects. A postive association between events and onset was established only for married women, although there was a parallel trend for men and single women suffering their first schizophrenic episode. The observed impact of life events was limited to the three weeks before onset. These findings are discussed in the light of Saudi culture.

The Role of Stress as a Precipitating Factor of Psychiatric Illness

1977 ◽  
Vol 130 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur P. Schless ◽  
Alicia Teichman ◽  
J. Mendels ◽  
Joseph N. DiGiacomo
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Psychiatric Illness ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
Surgical Patients ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Life Event ◽  
Event Histories ◽  
Precipitating Factor

SummaryFifty-six psychiatric patients were interviewed to obtain a record of life events preceding admission to hospital, using a modified version of the Schedule of Recent Experiences. Two control groups were studied for comparison: medical and surgical in-patients and a ‘normal’ population studied independently by Myers. Psychiatric patients reported a significantly larger number of events than the medical-surgical patients, who, in turn, reported significantly more events than the ‘normal’ population. There were no significant differences in the specific life event histories between groups.

Stress-Amplifying Effects of Negative Social Exchanges Among Female Japanese College Students

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 891-901
Author(s):  
Yasuyuki Fukukawa
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Financial Strain ◽  
Female College Students ◽  
Life Event ◽  
Social Exchanges ◽  
Negative Social Exchanges

The role of negative social exchanges that amplify the association between stressor and depressive symptoms was examined. Data collected from 121 female college students (mean age = 18.9, SD = 0.7) were analyzed to determine whether the effect of life event stress on depression differs depending on participants' negative exchanges with members of their social network. The results indicated that the association between the total number of experienced life events and depressive symptoms was not amplified by negative exchanges. However, analyses testing life events individually indicated that negative exchanges significantly amplified the association of depressive symptoms with life events that were related to participants' financial strain or salient social roles.

Can implementation intention help to bridge the intention–behaviour gap in the entrepreneurial process? An experimental approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Flore Adam ◽  
Alain Fayolle
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Implementation Intention ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intention ◽  
Complex Behaviour ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Goal Intention ◽  
Variance Explained

In order to understand what triggers action, researchers have studied intention and its determinants for decades. Specifically, entrepreneurship has been widely studied using the intention models. However, only few intended entrepreneurs enact their intentions in the end. As a proof, the variance explained by entrepreneurial intention in actual behaviour is estimated at 37%. So the entrepreneurial intention–behaviour link still has a lot to reveal, leaving a gap in the literature. This article first reminds the difference between goal intention and implementation intention and posits that intention models actually refer to goal intention only. As it has been proven in different contexts that by automatizing individuals’ responses to anticipated cues, implementation intention increases the probability to act, we propose to observe what could be the role of implementation intention in the entrepreneurial intention–behaviour link. The originality and main contribution of this experimental study is that it is the first attempt to operationalize implementation intention on such a complex behaviour. Even if the experiment enables us to make observations more than statistically valid findings, it paves the way for more empirical research on the subject, and it still allows to suggest what could be the benefit of using implementation intention in that field. It should now be tested on a larger scale to be statistically reliable.

Cause-related marketing in international business: what works and what does not?

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 593-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Demetris Vrontis ◽  
Alkis Thrassou ◽  
Michael Christofi ◽  
Riad Shams ◽  
Michael R. Czinkota
Keyword(s):  
International Markets ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cause Related Marketing ◽  
Self Image ◽  
What Works ◽  
Self Actualization ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Practical Implications

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the irrevocable role of cause-related marketing (CRM) and its research imperative, exploring its contemporary insights in and across international markets, toward scholarly and executive application.Design/methodology/approachThis research is theoretical and it compiles and interrelates, in a multiperspective fashion, significant extant works in the field; focusing on how established and emergent variables and constructs can be leveraged, in order to develop insights into what does and does not work in international CRM.FindingsExtant works on international CRM still present significant gaps pertaining to key questions. Furthermore, true understanding of CRM stems from comprehending consumers, both individually and collectively; and both their underlying and contextual motivators, factors and forces. This calls for a multiperspective and cross-disciplinary approach to CRM to that weaves in contextual (sociocultural, etc.) elements to the equation.Research limitations/implicationsLimitations naturally pertain to the research's theoretical nature that requires empirical testing.Practical implicationsCRM offers consumers both the means and the ends of acquiring their target core value benefits, additionally or peripherally to their core purchase purpose; potentially making the difference between business/brand success and failure.Social implicationsThrough CRM, the contemporary consumer seeks product value benefits that transcend quality and functionality (etc.), to engulf abstract and intangible values pertaining to social, ethical, self-image and self-actualization factors.Originality/valueThe comprehensive review, contextual elucidations and cross-disciplinary perspectives of this paper originally present the scope, depth, complexity and gaps of the subject, and pave the way for the research that still needs to ensue.

Social factors associated with depression: a retrospective community study

1982 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles G. Costello
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Community Study ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Independent Events ◽  
Status Number ◽  
Severe Life Events ◽  
State Examination

SynopsisA procedural replication of the Camberwell retrospective community study of depression in women (Brown et al. 1975; Brown & Harris, 1978 a) was conducted in Calgary, Alberta. A random sample of 449 women between the ages of 18 and 65 were interviewed. The shorter form of the Present State Examination (PSE) and Brown's Interview Schedules for Life Events and Difficulties were used.By contrast to the findings of Brown, none of the following factors was associated with the onset of depression in the 12 months prior to interview: social class, employment status, number of children at home, loss of mother before age 11. In agreement with Brown, a lack of intimacy with spouse/cohabitant/boyfriend increased the risk of depression. Also in agreement with Brown, severe life events and difficulties were associated with depression. The association was particularly strong for ‘possibly independent’ events and difficulties, i.e. events (and difficulties) that may or may not have been caused in part by the woman herself. It was concluded that the role of social factors is community-specific and that the causal roles of events and difficulties in relation to depression remain uncertain. The implications of the findings in relation to the locus of vulnerability to depression are briefly discussed

scholarly journals The Stendhal Syndrome and the Management of Cultural Heritage

2020 ◽  
pp. 137-142
Author(s):  
E.S. Sharapova ◽  
◽  
T.V. Rastimeshina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Exhibition Space ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Difference

The author aims to link the component of the psychosomatic comfort of the art consumer with the dominance of his emotions and argues that visiting a museum or concert is not an existential or physiological need, but only a desire to experience this experience. The hypothesis is put forward, according to which the effectiveness of management of an object of cultural heritage is related to the extent to which this object (museum) satisfies the emotional request of the subject of perception. Outlining the difference between utilitarian consumption and experience-based consumption, the author focuses on the role of the atmosphere of the exhibition space, the so-called service landscape.

scholarly journals LEXICAL AND SEMANTIC SYSTEM OF THE UKRAINIAN LANGUAGE IN CURRENT DYNAMIC USAGE

2021 ◽  
pp. 117-131
Author(s):  
Mykola Stepanenko
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Position ◽  
Semantic System ◽  
Lexical Unit ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Political Forces ◽  
Functional Equivalent ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Lexical Phrases

The article analyses the latest changes in the lexical-semantic system of the Ukrainian language within clearly defined period – the year of 2020. It has been proved that the appearance of a new lexeme is associated with some intra- and extra-lingual factors. These lexical units are the carriers of information about what is happening in the society, and how the representatives of various social strata are involved in a particular event. It has been established that the most used words in the defined are connected with medicine; the dominant position occupies such nouns as covid, coronavirus. The article underlines that the spread of the COVID-19 in Ukraine influenced the formation of the phraseological system, e.g. folk poetic rhymes, which are usually variants of widely used paremic constructions. The motivational basis of lexical coinages has been analysed. This refers to the lexical units based on the surname of the current president; the dynamics of this process has been traced for the period 2004–2020. The author determined the mechanism of coining new lexemes based on the surnames of the prominent Ukrainian politicians close to President. The article clarifies the onomasiological basis of new lexical units of proprietary and non-proprietary origins of previously coined and newly coined or renamed political forces. An important way to expand the lexicon is to change the meaning of words. This is due to the fact that the lexical unit enters the innovative linguistic sphere determined by extra-lingual factors, when it acquires a new meaning or becomes a creative resource for other lexemes. The nouns vodomor (water starving) and Velur (the name of the restaurant notorious for breaking quarantine restrictions) have been carefully analysed, the constitutive possibilities of the latter, which relate to its lexical-semantic, syntagmatic nature, have been clarified. Exceptional attention is paid to the precedent expression “what is the difference” in the focus of its semantization (acquisition of ambiguity), grammaticalization (existence in the role of noun-adjective phrase or its functional equivalent – a complex occasional word), phraseological, semantic, syntax, axiology (attributive, object, subjective functions), word-forming possibilities (becoming on its basis a way of composing and suffixing nouns “kakaiaraznik” (What-is-the-differenter), “kakayaraznitstvo” (What-is-the-differentment)). The subject of the study was also the innovative structures that were formed on the model of lexical phrases with social meaning which are on the stage of forming.

scholarly journals (Re)conceptualizing Difference in the Context of the Acting Subject’s Identity

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-108
Author(s):  
Anna Walczak
Keyword(s):  
Jacques Derrida ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Discourse ◽  
Main Theme ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One

What is the source and the effect of the acting subject’s identity? This question refers to difference, but not in its usual conceptualization, synonymous with a border and the need to maintain or transcend it. By reconceptualizing difference, which I see as “re-creating” the meaning and linking it with “added” meanings, this article restores its original load (importance) in being an acting subject, mediated in otherness. For this purpose, the différance of Jacques Derrida is invoked and his statements about it combined with those of other philosophers, in whom I found what is related and/or complementary and extends not only Derrida's thought, but that which constitutes the main theme of this article. On the one hand, otherness is an impulse to the “work” of the difference, and on the other hand, it is its effect. What is the role of the “work” of the difference in creating the identity of the acting subject? In connection with the “shift” of the effect of its work – otherness, into the area of the identity of the acting subject, can this subject say about itself: this is still me? In this context, what is responsive ethics, which, I believe, should be included in the contemporary humanistic and social discourse about the subject?

Genetic Studies of Macular Pigment

Perception ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 26 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 64-64
Author(s):  
E C Alexander ◽  
J D Moreland
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Macular Pigment ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Child Relationship ◽  
Control Parent ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Perceived Motion ◽  
Level Analysis

One of the major functions suggested for macular pigment is to protect the retina. However, a tenfold variation in pigment level is observed in the general population, which cannot be explained by other factors, such as age, sex, race, eye or skin colour (Bone and Sparrock, 1971 Vision Research11 1057 – 1064). We aim to examine the role of genetic factors in this variation. In our first experiments (Alexander and Moreland, 1996 Perception25 Supplement, 105) we used colour matching to examine pigment levels in 23 local families. The highest correlation was seen for the father/child relationship where a linear regression accounted for 25% of the variance ( p<0.01); no significant relationship was observed for mother/child, grandparent/grandchild, or, as expected, for the control parent/parent plot. These families, and a few new ones, have been retested by a motion photometry paradigm, with a foveal 2 deg field and an extrafoveal annular field at 5 deg eccentricity. In the tests, a grating of alternating bars (460 nm and 580 nm) moves horizontally across the field at 14 Hz. The subject adjusts the luminance of the 580 nm bars for minimum perceived motion. The difference in setting between the two fields is used to measure the subject's pigment level. Analysis of preliminary data shows no significant correlation for any of the relationships but further analysis is in progress.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document