Haptoglobin Types in Alzheimer's Disease and Senile Dementia

1973 ◽  
Vol 122 (568) ◽  
pp. 331-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Op den Velde ◽  
F. C. Stam
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Senile Dementia ◽  
Familial Aggregation ◽  
Chromosome Analysis ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Sporadic Cases ◽  
Mnss Blood Groups ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Significant Linkage

There is much neuropathological evidence that Alzheimer's Disease and senile dementia are essentially identical disorders (Stam, 1962; McMenemey, 1963; Jamada and Mehraein, 1968; Lauter, 1970; Torvik, 1970). Family and genetic studies also give support to this opinion, for there appears to be a tendency for both senile dementia and Alzheimer's Disease towards familial aggregation (Zerbin-Rüdin, 1967; Pratt, 1970). An extensive Swedish study has given evidence that senile dementia is determined by a single autosomal dominent gene (Sjögrenet al., 1952). The difference in concordance rates between identical and non-identical twins with senile dementia is in agreement with this hypothesis (Kallmann, 1956). Furthermore, a number of families in which Alzheimer's Disease is transmitted as a regularly dominant trait have been described (Pratt, 1970). For the sporadic cases of Alzheimer's disease a cumulative polygenic action has been assumed (Larssonet al., 1963). Chromosome analysis of patients with Alzheimer's Disease and senile dementia has revealed certain abnormalities (Nielsen, 1968; Bergener and Jungklaass, 1970). Wheelan (1959) found that the MNSs blood groups appear to segregate with Alzheimer's Disease: however, another investigation failed to confirm a significant linkage between blood group genes and Alzheimer's Disease (Feldman, 1969).

scholarly journals Caretaker Obstreperous Behavior Rating Scale

1997 ◽  
Vol 8 (S3) ◽  
pp. 321-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan M. Swearer ◽  
David A. Drachman
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Senile Dementia ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Behavior Rating Scale ◽  
Large Patient ◽  
Number Of Patients

Although Alzheimer's original description of the dementing disorder that bears his name emphasized the prominence of troublesome and disruptive behaviors, a systematic investigation of behavioral disturbances of dementia did not begin in earnest until the 1980s. At that time, as the neuropathologic identity of presenile Alzheimer's disease and late-onset “senile dementia” was recognized, the redefinition of Alzheimer's disease abruptly increased the number of patients diagnosed with this condition. Physicians and other medical personnel working with Alzheimer's disease patients recognized both the importance of abnormal behaviors in this now large patient population and the need to describe, classify, and quantify these behaviors.

scholarly journals A 36-week multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, phase 3 clinical trial of sodium oligomannate for mild-to-moderate Alzheimer’s dementia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shifu Xiao ◽  
Piu Chan ◽  
Tao Wang ◽  
Zhen Hong ◽  
Shuzhen Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Drug Effects ◽  
Disease Assessment ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Double Blind Placebo ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Background New therapies are urgently needed for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Sodium oligomannate (GV-971) is a marine-derived oligosaccharide with a novel proposed mechanism of action. The first phase 3 clinical trial of GV-971 has been completed in China. Methods We conducted a phase 3, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in participants with mild-to-moderate AD to assess GV-971 efficacy and safety. Participants were randomized to placebo or GV-971 (900 mg) for 36 weeks. The primary outcome was the drug-placebo difference in change from baseline on the 12-item cognitive subscale of the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale (ADAS-cog12). Secondary endpoints were drug-placebo differences on the Clinician’s Interview-Based Impression of Change with caregiver input (CIBIC+), Alzheimer’s Disease Cooperative Study-Activities of Daily Living (ADCS-ADL) scale, and Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). Safety and tolerability were monitored. Results A total of 818 participants were randomized: 408 to GV-971 and 410 to placebo. A significant drug-placebo difference on the ADAS-Cog12 favoring GV-971 was present at each measurement time point, measurable at the week 4 visit and continuing throughout the trial. The difference between the groups in change from baseline was − 2.15 points (95% confidence interval, − 3.07 to − 1.23; p < 0.0001; effect size 0.531) after 36 weeks of treatment. Treatment-emergent adverse event incidence was comparable between active treatment and placebo (73.9%, 75.4%). Two deaths determined to be unrelated to drug effects occurred in the GV-971 group. Conclusions GV-971 demonstrated significant efficacy in improving cognition with sustained improvement across all observation periods of a 36-week trial. GV-971 was safe and well-tolerated. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02293915. Registered on November 19, 2014

A Study on the Symptomatology and Differential Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease and Pick's Disease

1943 ◽  
Vol 89 (374) ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Stengel
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Mental Hospital ◽  
Senile Dementia ◽  
Clinical Entity ◽  
Mental Condition ◽  
Pick's Disease ◽  
Pick’S Disease ◽  
Vascular Origin

Many problems concerning Alzheimer's disease and Pick's disease are still awaiting clarification. In this country Henderson was the first to draw attention to the considerable importance of Alzheimer's disease in clinical psychiatry. Valuable work has been contributed by various writers in recent years (Grunthal, 1936; Critchley, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1938; Schottky, 1932; Thorpe, 1932; Rothschild, 1934; Malamud, Lowenberg and co-workers, 1929; Mayer-Gross, 1938; Kasanin and Crank, 1933; Jervis and Soltz, 1936; McMenemy, a.o., 1939). While Pick's disease has retained its position as a clinical entity based mainly on the characteristic anatomical picture, the position of Alzheimer's disease in the system of psychiatry has become more complicated; for instance atypical cases have been described presenting the anatomical characters of Alzheimer's disease, though not fitting into the original clinical conception of that disease. Lowenberg and his co-workers (1929) are inclined to regard Alzheimer's disease as a syndrome rather than a clinical entity. Many contributors have directed their main interest to the pathological changes. The knowledge of the symptomatology of those conditions is still incomplete. Further intensive study may enable us not only to base the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease and Pick's disease on more solid clinical knowledge than hitherto, but also to recognize the early stages of those diseases before advancing cerebral degeneration effaces their characteristic clinical features. Unfortunately, most of the cases come under the observation of the psychiatrist only in the later stages of their illness, and it seems that the comparatively small proportion of the mental hospital population they represent does not reflect the incidence of those diseases. It is very likely that many patients die from intercurrent illnesses before their mental condition is recognized or sufficiently advanced to make admission to a mental hospital necessary. The differential diagnosis of those conditions offers considerable difficulties which often may prove insuperable. Alzheimer's disease and Pick's disease have to be distinguished not only from each other but from conditions of vascular origin, from senile dementia and various atypical conditions which occur at the same age period during which Alzheimer's disease and Pick's disease usually develop. Only careful collection and analysis of clinical observations and their scrutiny by pathological investigations can increase our still limited knowledge in this important field of psychiatry.

United States

2019 ◽  
pp. 305-312
Author(s):  
Angela M Lunde ◽  
Ronald C Petersen ◽  
John A Lucas
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Research Funding ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
The United States ◽  
Care Quality ◽  
National Plan ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Number Of Treatment

In the United States, the National Alzheimer’s Project Act was signed into law in January 2011, and the first National Plan appeared just over 12 months later, with five goals: to prevent and effectively treat Alzheimer’s disease by 2025, to enhance care quality and efficiency, to expand support for people with Alzheimer’s disease and their families, to enhance public awareness and engagement, and to improve data to track progress. The National Plan has seen a rise in research funding (currently standing at US$1.4 billion). Individual states, at the same time, began discussions about initiatives aimed at addressing personal, societal, and financial implications of Alzheimer’s disease. An example is from Minnesota where counselling and support for caregivers are provided, with an estimated saving for the state of Minnesota of US$970 million by 2025. In addition, a number of treatment trials are under way, looking at the effect of monoclonal antibodies on Alzheimer’s disease and a series of genetic studies.

scholarly journals Irregular Distortion of The Erythrocytes (Acanthocytes, Spur Cells) in Senile Dementia

1994 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. B. Goodall ◽  
A. H. Reid ◽  
D. J. Findlay ◽  
C. Hind ◽  
J. Kay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Senile Dementia ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Alzheimer Type ◽  
Dementia Of Alzheimer Type

An excess of irregularly di storted red cells with spiked forms (acanthocytes. spur cells) has been found in a substantial minority of patient s with seni le dementia of Alzheimer type (7 of 50 patients, 3 of 21 men and 4 of 29 women). Of 100 control patients, 42 men and 58 women), 5 (men and 2 women) showed comparable distortion, but, of these, one man may well have incipient dementia and the others had serious organic di seases which may be associated with comparable erythrocytic changes. The cause of the distortion is not yet clear, but the presence of occasional giant erythrocytes in the absence of general macrocytosis suggests a possible abnormality of cell membrane synthes is. This distortion may be a useful marker in patients with loss of memory. Whether it is a manifestation of a haemopoietic clone or a constitutional anomaly associated with Alzheimer’s disease remains to be seen.

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