Psychiatric Diagnosis and the In-patient Multidimensional Psychiatric Scale (I.M.P.S.)

1972 ◽  
Vol 121 (564) ◽  
pp. 541-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Kerry ◽  
J. E. Orme
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Psychiatry ◽  
Psychiatric Diagnosis ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Main Method ◽  
Functional Psychoses ◽  
Initial Work ◽  
Similar Factor ◽  
Clinical Psychiatrist

An interview with the patient is the main method of examination in the functional psychoses, following which the diagnosis is made. This diagnosis is fundamental in communicating about the patient, in clinical discussions between psychiatrists or in comparing research results. It is essential that the diagnosis should be reliable and valid. Kreitman (1961) has defined reliability as the amount of agreement between psychiatrists examining the same patient, or a comparable series of patients. He also argues that the frame of reference of the examiner should be that of general clinical psychiatry. It should also avoid personality traits in psychiatrists which are associated with different kinds of orientation (Kreitman, 1961). Another problem, that of nomenclature, may turn out to be an argument about the choice of labels. These problems are of great concern to the clinical psychiatrist and are made worse by weaknesses in interview techniques. It is important to look for improvements, and the present study examines the reliability and validity of the In-patient Multidimensional Psychiatric Scale (I.M.P.S.). This is a scale for rating psychotic syndromes following an interview with the patient. These syndromes have been established by repeated factor analyses (Lorr and Klett, 1967). The initial work was based on psychotic American patients, but similar factor syndromes appear from studies of psychotics in other countries (Lorr and Klett, 1968, 1969a, 1969b).

Preliminary Communication: 2: The Highlands Dependency Questionnaire (HDQ): An administered version for use with mothers of school children

1971 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Berg ◽  
Ralph McGuire ◽  
Edward Whelan
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
The Other ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Child Relationship ◽  
Preliminary Communication ◽  
Mother Child Relationship

SYNOPSISA questionnaire concerned with dependency, mainly in the mother–child relationship, and intended for use in child psychiatry, is described. It was administered to the mothers of 116 randomly selected junior and secondary school children in the general population, stratified into age, sex, social class, and school groupings. Two meaningful dimensions were revealed by principal component factor analyses: one concerned with reliance on mother and the other reflecting sociability. Reliability and validity were found to be satisfactory.

Capturing the Familiness of Family Businesses: Development of the Family Influence Familiness Scale (FIFS)

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 709-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hermann Frank ◽  
Alexander Kessler ◽  
Thomas Rusch ◽  
Julia Suess–Reyes ◽  
Daniela Weismeier–Sammer
Keyword(s):  
High Reliability ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Family Influence ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Proficiency Level ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
The Family ◽  
And Control

This article develops a familiness scale measuring the family influence on the business via decision premises that express familiness. In three studies, we examine familiness with qualitative and quantitative approaches based on new systems theory. Narrative interviews are employed to generate items. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses led to a multidimensional scale (Family Influence Familiness Scale [FIFS]) comprising six dimensions: (1) ownership, management, and control; (2) proficiency level of active family members; (3) sharing of information between active family members; (4) transgenerational orientation; (5) family–employee bond; and (6) family business identity. Results indicate high reliability and validity levels.

Borderline personality disorder, therapeutic privilege, integrated care: is it ethical to withhold a psychiatric diagnosis?

2021 ◽  
pp. medethics-2021-107216
Author(s):  
Erika Sims ◽  
Katherine J Nelson ◽  
Dominic Sisti
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Integrated Care ◽  
Clinical Psychiatry ◽  
Psychiatric Diagnosis ◽  
Patient Population ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Prognostic Information ◽  
Diagnostic Disclosure ◽  
Therapeutic Privilege

Once common, therapeutic privilege—the practice whereby a physician withholds diagnostic or prognostic information from a patient intending to protect the patient—is now generally seen as unethical. However, instances of therapeutic privilege are common in some areas of clinical psychiatry. We describe therapeutic privilege in the context of borderline personality disorder, discuss the implications of diagnostic non-disclosure on integrated care and offer recommendations to promote diagnostic disclosure for this patient population.

Values and values-based practice in clinical psychiatry

2012 ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
K. W. M. Fulford
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Psychiatry ◽  
Social Care ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
P Values ◽  
Health And Social Care ◽  
Clinical Psychiatrist ◽  
Multidisciplinary Teamwork

Values-based practice is a new skills-based approach to working more effectively with complex and conflicting values in health and social care. This chapter illustrates some of the ways in which combining values-based with evidence-based approaches supports the day-to-day practice of the clinical psychiatrist, particularly in the context of multidisciplinary teamwork.

scholarly journals How to Measure Baha’i Religiosity: The CRSi-20 for Baha’is as a First Reliable and Valid Measurement

Religions ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Demmrich
Keyword(s):  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Psychology Of Religion ◽  
Fit Indices ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Public Practice ◽  
Valid Measurement ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Emic Perspective

The concepts and measurements in psychology of religion often adhere to its Judeo-Christian roots, which causes problems when measuring non-Christian religiosity. In this paper, two successive studies are presented. The first study applied Huber’s CRS-15, while the second study used the CRSi-20. Both samples consisted of believers of the non-Christian, Abrahamic Baha’i religion in Germany. In the first study, in which N = 472 participated (MAge = 43.22, SDAge = 15.59, 60.0% female), the reliability and validity issues related to items of public practice and experience of the CRS-15 were uncovered. After modifying the content of these items and adding the five additional items of the interreligious CRSi-20, which was tested among N = 324 participants (MAge = 47.12, SDAge = 17.06, 59.6% female) in a second study, most reliability issues were solved. Confirmatory factor analyses revealed that the CRSi-20 model describes the data appropriately with adequate fit indices. Therefore, the CRSi-20 for Baha’is offers the first reliable and valid measurements of Baha’i religiosity, being at the same time capable of taking the emic perspective fully into account while maintaining the possibility of cross-religious comparisons.

scholarly journals Turkish Adaptation of the Positive–Negative Relationship Quality (PN-RQ) Scale: A Reliability and Validity Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Arzu Araz ◽  
Duygu Güngör ◽  
Eda Aşçı
Keyword(s):  
Relationship Quality ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Romantic Relationship ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Measurement Tool ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses

Background: The present study investigates the reliability and validity of the Positive–Negative Relationship Quality (PN-RQ) scale in Turkey. This study aims to test different factorial models including orthogonal factors model, correlated factors model, one-factor model, and bifactor model. Methods: In order to determine the validity and reliability of the scale, two studies were performed. The first was carried out with emerging adults (university students) who were in a romantic relationship (148 females, 43 males, and 2 unknown) and had the main purpose to examine the structure validity of the measurement tool in the Turkish sample with an exploratory analysis. Study 2 was performed online with 513 married adults (359 females, 149 males, and 5 unknown); confirmatory findings and criterion validity studies were added. Results: Exploratory factor analyses revealed that relationship quality had a two-factor structure and that there was also a negative relationship between the factors. Confirmatory factor analyses on the married sample showed that the bi-factor model provided evidence for the multidimensional nature of the scale. Both studies demonstrated high internal consistency. Conclusion: There is evidence for reliability and validity in the Turkish version of the PN-RQ scale to measure both positive and negative aspects of the relationship. The PN-RQ scale will be highly functional for social and clinical psychologists who work on close relationship issues in Turkey.

scholarly journals Temperamental basis of sense of humor: Validating the state-trait-cheerfulness-inventory in Mainland China

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo‐Hai Chen ◽  
Willibald F. Ruch ◽  
Li Yan-Na
Keyword(s):  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
The State ◽  
Satisfaction With Life Scale ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Chinese Translation ◽  
Life Scale ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractThis paper examined the reliability and validity of the State-Trait-Cheerfulness-Inventory (STCI) in Mainland China. The Chinese translation of the STCI-T<106i>, STCI-S<45i> and the Temporal Satisfaction with Life Scale (TSWLS) were administered to 476 university students (313 females, 157 males, 6 missing; 20.40 ± 1.35 years of age). Results showed that the STCI-T<106> and the STCI-S<45> had high Cronbach alphas ranging from 0.60 to 0.92 in Mainland China, and the factorial structures of the instruments were supported. The STCI-T<60> and STCI-S<30> were developed utilizing three criteria for the selection of items. Cronbach alphas were satisfactory ranging from 0.67 to 0.94. The factor structure of the items appeared to be highly generalizable in Mainland China. Joint factor analyses of the state and trait items yielded three factors (cheerfulness, seriousness and bad mood) both as traits and states with the homologous concepts positively correlated. As expected, cheerfulness correlated negatively with bad mood, and cheerfulness correlated negatively with state seriousness. Meanwhile, seriousness correlated positively with bad mood. Moreover, life satisfaction was related positively with cheerfulness and negatively with bad mood, and could be predicted by high cheerfulness and low bad mood. Applications of the STCI-T<60> and STCI-S<30> in the Chinese context and future research are discussed.

scholarly journals The use of the EEG in clinical psychiatry

1988 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 328-330
Author(s):  
P. C. W. Bowie ◽  
A. Y. Beaini ◽  
A. A. da Costa
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Psychiatry ◽  
Computerised Tomography ◽  
Structural Assessment ◽  
Functional Psychoses ◽  
Electroencephalogram Eeg

The electroencephalogram (EEG) is widely reported to be of limited value in psychiatry. This is particularly so with regard to the neuroses and functional psychoses. The value of the EEG in organic states is not much better, especially since the advent of computerised tomography (CT). However, it should be noted that the former gives a functional and the latter a structural assessment of cerebral disturbance.

scholarly journals Development of a social contact self-efficacy scale for ‘third agers’ in Japan

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0253652
Author(s):  
Moemi Oki ◽  
Etsuko Tadaka
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
Subjective Health ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Subjective Health Status ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Fit Index

Background “Third agers” are people over retirement age in relatively good health; third agers make up an increasing percentage of the global population as the world’s longevity increases. Therefore, the challenge of prolonging a healthy third age and shortening the unhealthy period during the “fourth age” in the global health and social contexts is important in this process. However, no means to measure and support this has been developed as yet. We developed the Social Contact Self-Efficacy Scale for Third Agers (SET) and evaluated its reliability and validity. Methods We used a self-administered mail survey covering 2,600 randomly selected independent older adults living in Yokohama, Japan. The construct validity of the SET was determined using exploratory factor and confirmatory factor analyses. Its criterion-related validity was assessed using the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), the Japan Science and Technology Agency Index of Competence (JST-IC), and subjective health status. Results In total, 1,139 older adults provided responses. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses identified eight items within two factors: social space mobility and social support relationship. The final model had a Cronbach’s alpha 0.834, goodness-of-fit index 0.976, adjusted goodness-of-fit index 0.955, comparative fit index 0.982, and root mean square error of approximation 0.050. There was good correlation between scale scores and the GSES (r = 0.552, p < 0.001), JST-IC (r = 0.495, p < 0.001) and subjective health status (r = 0.361, p < 0.001). Conclusions The SET showed sufficient reliability and validity to assess self-efficacy in promoting social contact among third agers. This scale may help third agers in gaining and expanding opportunities for social contact, which can improve their physical health and quality of life and contribute to care prevention and healthy longevity.

Reliability, Validity, and the Mixed Blessings of Operationalism

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Haslam
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Psychiatric Diagnosis ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Diagnostic System ◽  
Theoretical Orientations ◽  
Diagnostic Reliability ◽  
Communicative Functions ◽  
First Languages ◽  
The Cost

The concepts of reliability and validity are fundamental for evaluating psychiatric diagnosis, including the "operationalist" approach pioneered in DSM-III. This chapter explores the complexity of these psychometric concepts and their interrelations. Although reliability constrains validity it does not guarantee it, and pursuing reliability in diagnosis can reduce validity. It is widely believed that the operationalist emphasis on diagnostic reliability has compromised the validity of recent psychiatric classifications. In particular, writers have argued that the drive for atheoretical diagnostic criteria has come at the cost of phenomenological richness and psychodynamic complexity. This chapter argues that although the operationalist turn may have impaired the validity of psychiatric diagnosis in some respects, these criticisms must be balanced by an appreciation of its benefits. In addition, it is suggested that some criticisms rest on a misunderstanding of the goals of operational descriptions. They should be evaluated primarily on pragmatic grounds as identification procedures and judged on their success in serving epistemic and communicative functions. Operational descriptions should not be viewed as comprehensive definitions of clinical phenomena or judged on their failure to encompass the richness and complexity of mental disorders. A diagnostic system is best understood as an intentionally delimited instrument for enabling clinical inference and communication. In essence, it is a simplified pidgin with which clinicians who speak different first languages (theoretical orientations) can conduct their shared business.

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