Comparison of the Effect of Imipramine and Desipramine on Some Symptoms of Depressive Illness

1965 ◽  
Vol 111 (478) ◽  
pp. 889-897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Griffith Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Species Differences ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Experimental Demonstration ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Leptazol Convulsions ◽  
Antidepressant Action

The possibility that desipramine might prove to be a rapidly acting antidepressant was first raised by laboratory studies. In 1959 desipramine was isolated as a metabolite of imipramine (Hermann et al., 1959; Hermann and Pulver, 1960), and a series of papers then followed (Brodie et al., 1961; Gillette et al., 1961; Sulser et al., 1962) in which it was shown that reserpine-induced inactivity in the rat can be more rapidly reversed by desipramine than by imipramine. This was referred to (Gillette et al., 1961) as an experimental demonstration of the relative rapidity of the “antidepressant” action of the two drugs. Other experimental reports should however warn against incautious interpretation of laboratory findings. Garattini et al. (1962) showed that desipramine is not responsible for all the actions of imipramine: in mice, leptazol convulsions are inhibited by the latter but not by the former drug. Dingell et al. (1964) were able to show considerable species differences in the rate at which imipramine is converted to desipramine and in the rate at which desipramine is then destroyed. Their paper also emphasizes the paucity of information on the metabolism of imipramine in human subjects.

Pertofran

1963 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 27-28
Keyword(s):  
Active Metabolite ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Antidepressant Action

The antidepressant action of imipramine (Tofranil - Geigy) is probably due not to the direct action of the drug itself, but to one of its metabolites, desmethylimipramine (B. B. Brodie et al., Med. exp. 1961, 5, 454), which has been given the Approved Name desipramine. This substance is now marketed as Pertofran (Geigy). It has been suggested but not proved that imipramine takes several weeks to work because this time-lag is necessary for the active metabolite to accumulate. If this is true, desipramine might be expected to act more quickly than imipramine in the treatment of depressive illness.

scholarly journals Case Report: Sickle Cell Anemia; First Case Reported from Egypt

Blood ◽  
1951 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 555-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. ABBASY
Keyword(s):  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Sickle Cell Anemia ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Rheumatic Arthritis ◽  
Points Of Interest ◽  
First Case ◽  
Paternal Uncle ◽  
The Family

Abstract Rheumatic fever, rheumatic arthritis, acholuric jaundice were excluded in this case on the clinical and laboratory findings. The history, physical examination and the laboratory studies all supported the diagnosis of sickle cell anemia. This case presents certain points of interest. It is the first case of sickle cell anemia reported from Egypt. The disease was found in the patient and her father and excluded in the other members of the family. It is, however, possible that the paternal uncle had also suffered and died from the disease. The patient is a white girl and admixture of Negro blood was reasonably excluded through 6 ancestral generations. This case, therefore, adds to those already described in subjects of the white race from the Mediterranean area. It will be noticed that the patient’s family originates from Algeria, where 3 cases were diagnosed in natives by Smith19 on the basis of the anatomical changes observed in the spleen.

scholarly journals Metabolism of [14C]methamphetamine in man, the guinea pig and the rat

1972 ◽  
Vol 129 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Caldwell ◽  
L. G. Dring ◽  
R. T. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Methyl Ketone ◽  
Species Differences ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Main Reaction ◽  
Unchanged Drug ◽  
Aromatic Hydroxylation ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Acid Labile

1. The metabolites of (±)-2-methylamino-1-phenyl[1-14C]propane ([14C]methamphetamine) in urine were examined in man, rat and guinea pig. 2. In two male human subjects receiving the drug orally (20mg per person) about 90% of the14C was excreted in the urine in 4 days. The urine of the first day was examined for metabolites, and the main metabolites were the unchanged drug (22% of the dose) and 4-hydroxymethamphetamine (15%). Minor metabolites were hippuric acid, norephedrine, 4-hydroxyamphetamine, 4-hydroxynorephedrine and an acid-labile precursor of benzyl methyl ketone. 3. In the rat some 82% of the dose of14C (45mg/kg) was excreted in the urine and 2–3% in the faeces in 3–4 days. In 2 days the main metabolites in the urine were 4-hydroxymethamphetamine (31% of dose), 4-hydroxynorephedrine (16%) and unchanged drug (11%). Minor metabolites were amphetamine, 4-hydroxyamphetamine and benzoic acid. 4. The guinea pig was injected intraperitoneally with the drug at two doses, 10 and 45mg/kg. In both cases nearly 90% of the14C was excreted, mainly in the urine after the lower dose, but in the urine (69%) and faeces (18%) after the higher dose. The main metabolites in the guinea pig were benzoic acid and its conjugates. Minor metabolites were unchanged drug, amphetamine, norephedrine, an acid-labile precursor of benzyl methyl ketone and an unknown weakly acidic metabolite. The output of norephedrine was dose-dependent, being about 19% on the higher dose and about 1% on the lower dose. 5. Marked species differences in the metabolism of methamphetamine were observed. The main reaction in the rat was aromatic hydroxylation, in the guinea pig demethylation and deamination, whereas in man much of the drug, possibly one-half, was excreted unchanged.

scholarly journals COVID-19: Hematological and laboratory findings in patients from a private hospital in Caracas, Venezuela.Correlation with mortality

2021 ◽  
Vol 129 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-291
Author(s):  
A Müller ◽  
A Soyano ◽  
L Chirinos ◽  
A Ochoa ◽  
Guillermo P. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Private Hospital ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Laboratory Findings

The first cases of COVID-19 in Venezuela occurred in mid-March 2020. The number of cases remained relatively low until May when it began to increase, reaching its maximum in August 2020. The purpose of this work is to present the clinical, hematological, and laboratory studies carried out on 139 patients hospitalized at the El Ávila Clinic, a private hospital in Caracas, between June 30 and September 15, 2020.

scholarly journals Feasibility of a Home-Based Task-Switching Training in Middle-Aged Caregivers

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Susanne Lütke Lanfer ◽  
Sören Enge ◽  
Marlen Melzer ◽  
Jürgen Wegge ◽  
Matthias Kliegel
Keyword(s):  
Task Switching ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Cognitive Tasks ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Working Population ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Switching Task

AbstractThe current study aimed at investigating feasibility of a self-administered task-switching training in a middle-aged working population. Eighty-one caregivers (41–62 years old) were instructed to train at home 8 times either within a 7- or 14-day interval. Only 56.7% performed more than 50% of the instructed number of training sessions. However, compliant caregivers (who completed more than 4 training sessions) showed significant training gains and transfer to an untrained task-switching task. Although transfer effects to other cognitive tasks were not found, trained participants tended to report fewer everyday memory failures than a control group. In conclusion, the implementation of a home-based task-switching training in everyday life of caregivers is possible. However, there is only limited evidence for generalization of results of previous laboratory studies. Adherence and transfer to other cognitive tasks are discussed as important challenges in conveying laboratory findings into real life.

Are There Two Distinct Mechanistic Pathways That Explain the Varying Clinical Presentations, Laboratory Findings, and Outcomes of Thienopyridine-Associated Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP)?.

Blood ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 860-860
Author(s):  
Benjamin Kim ◽  
Kenneth R. Carson ◽  
Kathryn McCaffrey ◽  
Denise Finley ◽  
Anaadriana Zakarija ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rates ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
High Survival ◽  
Adamts13 Activity ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Presentations

Abstract Introduction: The antiplatelet agents ticlopidine and clopidogrel are thienopyridine derivatives that are commonly used for secondary prevention of cerebrovascular events, prevention of coronary artery stent thrombosis, and for treatment of acute coronary syndrome. While these chemically related agents are the first and third most common causes of drug-associated TTP respectively, clinical presentations, laboratory findings, and outcomes suggest that there may be two distinct mechanistic pathways. Methods: Clinical and laboratory data for 60 cases of ticlopidine-associated TTP and 35 cases of clopidogrel associated TTP were reviewed. Results: Type 1 thienopyridine-associated TTP, characterized by onset of disease > 5 days after drug initiation, occurred in 98% of the ticlopidine patients versus 63% of the clopidogrel patients. Laboratory studies identified severe deficiency of ADAMTS13 activity and the presence of IgG inhibitors in 7 ticlopidine (Tsai, et al.; Annals of Internal Medicine, 2000) and 2 clopidogrel (Bennett, et al.; NEJM, 2000) patients. Survival was 68% in the ticlopidine patients versus 91% in the clopidogrel patients. Type 2 thienopyridine-associated TTP, consisting of TTP onset within 5 days of drug initiation, occurred in 2% of the ticlopidine patients versus 37% of the clopidogrel patients. Laboratory studies failed to identify deficient ADAMTS13 activity or the presence of IgG inhibitors in 1 clopidogrel patient (Zheng, et al.; Blood, 2004). Survival was 0% in the ticlopidine patients versus 38% in the clopidogrel patients. Conclusion: The proposed type 1 and type 2 thienopyridine-associated TTP may be distinguished on the basis of clinical presentation, ADAMTS13 levels, and outcome. Type 1 thienopyridine-associated TTP—characterized as occurring after > 5 days of thienopyridine treatment, severely deficient ADAMTS13 activity and presence of IgG inhibitors, and high survival rates with plasmapheresis—is more likely to occur in patients receiving ticlopidine. Type 2 thienopyridine-associated TTP—characterized as occurring within 5 days of thienopyridine therapy initiation, normal ADAMTS13 activity and undetectable IgG inhibitors, and poor survival rates despite plasmapheresis—is more likely to occur in patients receiving clopidogrel. Additional confirmatory studies on larger numbers of patients are needed.

Experimental and clinical evidence of the antidepressant effect of a beta-adrenergic stimulant

1978 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Simon ◽  
Y. Lecrubier ◽  
R. Jouvent ◽  
A. J. Puech ◽  
J. F. Allilaire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Intravenous Administration ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
Beta Adrenergic ◽  
Uncontrolled Study ◽  
Antidepressant Action

SYNOPSISA group of 49 patients with depressive illness were treated in an uncontrolled study by the intravenous administration of the beta-adrenergic stimulant, salbutamol. The results suggested a rapid antidepressant action in the majority of cases without significant adverse effects.

scholarly journals Distributed processing of movement signaling

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (52) ◽  
pp. 26266-26273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott D. Kennedy ◽  
Andrew B. Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Distributed Processing ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Movement Direction ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Neural Prosthetic ◽  
Neuronal Populations ◽  
Control Computer ◽  
Movement Parameters

Basic neurophysiological research with monkeys has shown how neurons in the motor cortex have firing rates tuned to movement direction. This original finding would have been difficult to uncover without the use of a behaving primate paradigm in which subjects grasped a handle and moved purposefully to targets in different directions. Subsequent research, again using behaving primate models, extended these findings to continuous drawing and to arm and hand movements encompassing action across multiple joints. This research also led to robust extraction algorithms in which information from neuronal populations is used to decode movement intent. The ability to decode intended movement provided the foundation for neural prosthetics in which brain-controlled interfaces are used by paralyzed human subjects to control computer cursors or high-performance motorized prosthetic arms and hands. This translation of neurophysiological laboratory findings to therapy is a clear example of why using nonhuman primates for basic research is valuable for advancing treatment of neurological disorders. Recent research emphasizes the distribution of intention signaling through neuronal populations and shows how many movement parameters are encoded simultaneously. In addition to direction and velocity, the arm’s impedance has now been found to be encoded as well. The ability to decode motion and force from neural populations will make it possible to extend neural prosthetic paradigms to precise interaction with objects, enabling paralyzed individuals to perform many tasks of daily living.

scholarly journals Species differences in the metabolism of norephedrine in man, rabbit and rat

1973 ◽  
Vol 136 (3) ◽  
pp. 763-771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph E. Sinsheimer ◽  
L. Graham Dring ◽  
R. Tecwyn Williams
Keyword(s):  
Hippuric Acid ◽  
Species Differences ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Unchanged Drug ◽  
Main Metabolite

1. (±)-2-Amino-1-phenyl[1-14C]propan-1-ol ([14C]norephedrine) was administered orally to man, rat and rabbit and the metabolites excreted in the urine were identified and measured. Pronounced species differences in the metabolism of the drug were found. 2. Three male human subjects, receiving 25mg each of [14C]norephedrine hydrochloride, excreted over 90% of the14C in the first day. The main metabolite was the unchanged drug (86% of the dose) and minor metabolites were hippuric acid and 4-hydroxynorephedrine. 3. In rats given 12mg of the drug/kg almost 80% of the14C administered was excreted in the first day. The major metabolites in the urine were the unchanged drug (48% of the dose), 4-hydroxynorephedrine (28%) and trace amounts of side-chain degradation products. 4. Rabbits given 12mg of the drug/kg excreted 85–95% of the dose of14C in the urine in the first 24h after dosing. The major metabolites in the urine were conjugates of 1,2-dihydroxy-1-phenylpropane (31% of the dose) and of 1-hydroxy-1-phenylpropan-2-one (27%) and hippuric acid (20%). The unchanged drug was excreted in relatively small amounts (8%).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document