Validation of an Inventory for Measuring Depression

1965 ◽  
Vol 111 (472) ◽  
pp. 240-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryse Metcalfe ◽  
Ellen Goldman
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Psychiatry ◽  
Clinical Assessment ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Clinical Bias

The assessment and measurement of the mental state in patients suffering from a depressive illness is important both in clinical psychiatry and in research. Clinical assessment by an experienced psychiatrist, even when it is quantified on the basis of a rating scale (e.g. Hamilton's Rating Scale for Depression) has the disadvantage of being dependent on the skill of the rater and on his clinical bias. These drawbacks make it somewhat difficult to compare meaningfully results obtained in different investigations.

Psychotic and neurotic depression: discriminant function analysis and five-year outcome

1983 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 373-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. M. Copeland
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Function ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Discriminant Function Analysis ◽  
Hospital Care ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Consecutive Series ◽  
Case Record

SYNOPSISA consecutive series of 94 patients recently admitted to hospital from a defined catchment area and diagnosed as having a depressive illness were examined using standardized techniques for eliciting mental state, etc. The overlap between psychotic and neurotic diagnoses was 8·5% on discriminant function analysis of mental state items. A sub-sample of 71 patients was given a comprehensive postal and case record follow-up 5 years later. When patients developing organic and other complicating illnesses were excluded, those suffering from psychotic depression showed a significantly poorer outcome, as defined by relapse and required lengths of hospital care, than those diagnosed as suffering from neurotic depression.

Placebo-Controlled Trial of Lithium Augmentation of Fluoxetine and Lofepramine

1995 ◽  
Vol 166 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelius L. E. Katona ◽  
Mohammed T. Abou-Saleh ◽  
Deborah A. Harrison ◽  
Bertrand A. Nairac ◽  
Denzil R. L. Edwards ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Antidepressant Treatment ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Primary Care Settings ◽  
Resistant Depression ◽  
Lithium Augmentation

BackgroundThis study was designed to establish whether (as suggested in a number of open and relatively small controlled trials) lithium augmentation is more effective than continued antidepressant alone, where response to a standard course of antidepressant treatment has been absent or partial.MethodLithium or placebo was added on a double-blind basis for six weeks to the drug regime of 62 patients with major depressive illness (in both hospital and primary care settings) who had failed to respond to a controlled trial of fluoxetine or lofepramine. Response was defined as a final Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) score of < 10.ResultsResponse was seen more frequently in patients taking lithium (15/29) than in those remaining on antidepressant alone (8/32; P < 0.05). Rapid response to lithium augmentation (LA) was not consistently observed in this cohort. Mean HDRS scores after six weeks were significantly lower (P < 0.01) in the lithium group after excluding those who had not achieved significant exposure to lithium (arbitrarily defined as two or more lithium levels ≥ 0.4 mmol/1). No differences in the efficacy of LA were apparent between fluoxetine and lofepramine.ConclusionsOur results confirm that LA is a useful strategy in the treatment of antidepressant-resistant depression. Partial response was, however, frequently observed with continued antidepressant treatment alone, and the superiority of LA appears to depend on achieving adequate serum lithium levels.

scholarly journals Preliminary investigation into the identification and management of catatonia in patients admitted to adult inpatient units

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (S1) ◽  
pp. S336-S336
Author(s):  
Joanna Moore ◽  
Amy Kunicki ◽  
Georgina Latcham ◽  
Eleanor Perkins ◽  
Emma Vaccari
Keyword(s):  
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Psychiatric Inpatients ◽  
Service Evaluation ◽  
Improvement Project ◽  
Adult Inpatient ◽  
Inpatient Units

AimsThe prevalence of catatonia is considered to be approximately 10% in psychiatric inpatients. Clinical experience suggests a lower documented prevalence. This could cause longer admissions and complications, such as Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS). We carried out a service evaluation to investigate the recognition and management of catatonia on inpatient units in Southern Health Foundation Trust (SHFT). We reviewed the local documented prevalence of catatonia, treatment offered and prevalence of complications.MethodWe retrospectively reviewed the electronic records of 95 consecutive admissions to four adult inpatient units in SHFT, starting on 1st August 2020. We reviewed notes for the admission to establish whether catatonia was suspected and identified. We applied the screening questions from the Bush-Francis Catatonia Rating Scale (BFCRS) to the documented mental state examinations (MSE) prior to, and shortly after, admission. We also recorded the prescriptions issued during the first 72 hours of admission, and whether patients developed neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS), serotonin syndrome or required admission to a general hospital during admission.ResultCatatonia was documented as a possibility for 2 patients (2.1%). One showed possible posturing and stupor, while there were no documented symptoms for the other. In both cases the possibility was discounted by the clinical team. Twelve patients (12.6%) showed one or more possible or confirmed signs of catatonia. Eleven of these were prescribed regular antipsychotic medication on admission, but only 3 were prescribed regular benzodiazepines. NMS was more likely to be suspected in patients with a BFCRS of 1 or more compared with those with a score of 0, with an odds ratio of 8.1 (95% CI [1.03-64.0], Fisher's exact test = 7.79, p = .076).ConclusionCatatonia is likely under-recognised and under-treated locally among psychiatric inpatients. Although only approaching statistical significance, the higher rate of suspected NMS in patients showing possible catatonia is noteworthy and needs further investigation. Regular benzodiazepines were not frequently prescribed in this group, while antipsychotics, prescribed in all of these patients, can precipitate NMS. Alternatively, this finding could reflect the overlap in clinical presentation between NMS and catatonia. Data collection was limited by the frequent use of “remote clerking”, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, the quality of mental state examinations was often not sufficient to draw any conclusions on the possible presence or absence of catatonic symptoms. This project has highlighted practice in need of improvement, which will be further prospectively investigated and improved via a Quality Improvement Project.

The agreement of the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale with the Mini-Mental State Examination

2002 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 685-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Freidl ◽  
W.-J. Stronegger ◽  
A. Berghold ◽  
B. Reinhart ◽  
K. Petrovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental State ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Mattis Dementia Rating Scale ◽  
Dementia Rating Scale ◽  
State Examination

scholarly journals Dopaminergic imaging and clinical predictors for phenoconversion of REM sleep behaviour disorder

Brain ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dario Arnaldi ◽  
Andrea Chincarini ◽  
Michele T Hu ◽  
Karel Sonka ◽  
Bradley Boeve ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Bayesian Classifier ◽  
Examination Score ◽  
Sleep Behaviour ◽  
State Examination

Abstract This is an international multicentre study aimed at evaluating the combined value of dopaminergic neuroimaging and clinical features in predicting future phenoconversion of idiopathic REM sleep behaviour (iRBD) subjects to overt synucleinopathy. Nine centres sent 123I-FP-CIT-SPECT data of 344 iRBD patients and 256 controls for centralized analysis. 123I-FP-CIT-SPECT images were semiquantified using DaTQUANTTM, obtaining putamen and caudate specific to non-displaceable binding ratios (SBRs). The following clinical variables were also analysed: (i) Movement Disorder Society-sponsored revision of the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale, motor section score; (ii) Mini-Mental State Examination score; (iii) constipation; and (iv) hyposmia. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed to estimate conversion risk. Hazard ratios for each variable were calculated with Cox regression. A generalized logistic regression model was applied to identify the best combination of risk factors. Bayesian classifier was used to identify the baseline features predicting phenoconversion to parkinsonism or dementia. After quality check of the data, 263 iRBD patients (67.6 ± 7.3 years, 229 males) and 243 control subjects (67.2 ± 10.1 years, 110 males) were analysed. Fifty-two (20%) patients developed a synucleinopathy after average follow-up of 2 years. The best combination of risk factors was putamen dopaminergic dysfunction of the most affected hemisphere on imaging, defined as the lower value between either putamina (P &lt; 0.000001), constipation, (P &lt; 0.000001) and age over 70 years (P = 0.0002). Combined features obtained from the generalized logistic regression achieved a hazard ratio of 5.71 (95% confidence interval 2.85–11.43). Bayesian classifier suggested that patients with higher Mini-Mental State Examination score and lower caudate SBR asymmetry were more likely to develop parkinsonism, while patients with the opposite pattern were more likely to develop dementia. This study shows that iRBD patients older than 70 with constipation and reduced nigro-putaminal dopaminergic function are at high risk of short-term phenoconversion to an overt synucleinopathy, providing an effective stratification approach for future neuroprotective trials. Moreover, we provide cut-off values for the significant predictors of phenoconversion to be used in single subjects.

A Controlled Comparative Trial of a New Antidepressant, Ciclazindol

1979 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidney Levine
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Comparative Trial ◽  
Poor Response ◽  
Endogenous Depression ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Severity Of Depression ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Rate Of Response

The author describes a controlled, double-blind, comparative trial of a new tetracyclic compound, ciclazindol (WY 23409), against amitriptyline in the treatment of thirty-five patients admitted to hospital with depressive illness. Each patient was randomly allocated to three weeks treatment with either 50 mg b.d. ciclazindol or 50 mg b.d. amitriptyline. In the event of a poor response the dose level was raised to 75 mg b.d. Separation of cases of endogenous depression and severity of depression were assessed by the Levine-Pilowsky Depression Questionnaire, a self-rating technique. Severity of depression was also assessed using the Hamilton Rating Scale. No significant difference was noted between the drugs in either the degree or the rate of response nor when the endogenous cases alone were studied. The interesting observation was made that only one-third of ciclazindol patients gained weight compared to almost three-quarters of the amitriptyline group and the mean weight gain of the latter was over double that of the ciclazindol group. The author concludes that ciclazindol offers promise and merits further study using higher dosage levels once its full safety trials have been completed.

scholarly journals P2-103: Korean version of Mini-Mental State Examination and Clinical Dementia Rating Scale Sum of Boxes scores in staging the dementia

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (4S_Part_10) ◽  
pp. P292-P292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hee Jin Kang ◽  
Young-Hee Chang ◽  
Ha-Ry Na ◽  
Min Jae Baek ◽  
Hyun Jung Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental State ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Clinical Dementia Rating ◽  
Korean Version ◽  
Dementia Rating Scale ◽  
State Examination

Epidemiology of Mental Disorders in Young Adults of a Newly Urbanised Area in Khartoum, Sudan

1989 ◽  
Vol 155 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheikh Idris A. Rahim ◽  
Marianne Cederblad
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
The Self ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Psychiatric Interview ◽  
Eysenck Personality Inventory ◽  
Economic Information ◽  
Clinical Diagnoses

Two hundred and four subjects, 22–35 years old, were selected from a surburban part of Khartoum. They were assessed using the Self-Rating Questionnaire, the Eysenck Personality Inventory, and a Sudanese rating scale of anxiety and depression. Socio-economic information was collected. A psychiatric interview and a medical examination were carried out. It was found that 40.3% had at least one psychiatric symptom, and 16.6% received clinical diagnoses according to DSM-III. The most common diagnoses were depressive illness (neurotic and endogenous) (8.4%) and generalised anxiety (3.4%). Alcohol abuse was very rare (0.4%). There was no sex difference.

Effects of ECT on Prolactin, LH, FSH and Testosterone in Males with Major Depressive Illness*

1989 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 814-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.J. Cooper ◽  
R. Finlayson ◽  
V.R. Velamoor ◽  
R.V. Magnus ◽  
Z. Cernovsky
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Sexual Functioning ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Serum Prolactin ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Treatment Changes ◽  
Severity Of Depression ◽  
Hamilton Rating Scale

Fourteen males with major depressive illness (DSM-III) received a course of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Serum prolactin (PRL), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone (T), were measured 15 minutes before and 15 minutes after each treatment. The severity of depression was assessed with the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD) two to three days before the first and two to three days following the last treatment. Post-ECT levels of PRL and LH were significantly higher than pre-ECT levels across every treatment. Changes in FSH and testosterone were not significant. There were no relationships between hormone levels (first versus last ECT) and severity of depression, including sexual functioning. It is argued that the relatively greater increases of LH than FSH is due to an acute antidopaminergic action of ECT which acts selectively on the secretion of the former. The blunted testosterone response to the increase of gonadotropins may be due to ECT-induced hyperprolactinemia.

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