Toward an Integrated Theory of Schizophrenia

1958 ◽  
Vol 104 (435) ◽  
pp. 372-376
Author(s):  
Emil G. Conason ◽  
Percy E. Ryberg
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Nervous Tissue ◽  
Personality Structure ◽  
Genetic Defects ◽  
Integrated Theory ◽  
Cellular Changes ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Catechol Amines

Evidence is accumulating that schizophrenia is a disease involving “immunoallergic” sensitization of the tissues of the central nervous system. Variations in its symptomatology may in part depend upon the altered ability of the sensitized nervous tissue to bind or release serotonin, and perhaps other endogenous catechol amines. Accumulation of these products; their rates of turnover; the presence of endogenous enzyme enhancers or inhibitors; specific endocrine dyscrasias; blood-brain barrier conditioners; as well as cellular changes in electrolytes, may all play a part in the process. Genetic defects; lags in maturation; autonomic imbalance and pre-psychotic personality structure may lurk in the background.

Ethanolamine: A Potential Promoiety with Additional Effects in the Brain

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asfree Gwanyanya ◽  
Christie Nicole Godsmark ◽  
Roisin Kelly-Laubscher
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Drug Design ◽  
Cell Signaling ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Bioactive Molecule ◽  
Positive Functions ◽  
The Brain

Abstract: Ethanolamine is a bioactive molecule found in several cells, including those in the central nervous system (CNS). In the brain, ethanolamine and ethanolamine-related molecules have emerged as prodrug moieties that can promote drug movement across the blood-brain barrier. This improvement in the ability to target drugs to the brain may also mean that in the process ethanolamine concentrations in the brain are increased enough for ethanolamine to exert its own neurological ac-tions. Ethanolamine and its associated products have various positive functions ranging from cell signaling to molecular storage, and alterations in their levels have been linked to neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease. This mini-review focuses on the effects of ethanolamine in the CNS and highlights the possible implications of these effects for drug design.

scholarly journals Delivery of Therapeutic Agents to the Central Nervous System and the Promise of Extracellular Vesicles

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 492
Author(s):  
Charlotte A. René ◽  
Robin J. Parks
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Significant Barrier ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Delivery Vehicles

The central nervous system (CNS) is surrounded by the blood–brain barrier (BBB), a semipermeable border of endothelial cells that prevents pathogens, solutes and most molecules from non-selectively crossing into the CNS. Thus, the BBB acts to protect the CNS from potentially deleterious insults. Unfortunately, the BBB also frequently presents a significant barrier to therapies, impeding passage of drugs and biologicals to target cells within the CNS. This review provides an overview of different approaches to deliver therapeutics across the BBB, with an emphasis in extracellular vesicles as delivery vehicles to the CNS.

scholarly journals Permeability of the Blood-Brain Barrier and Transport of Nanobodies Across the Blood-Brain Barrier

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Širochmanová ◽  
Ľ. Čomor ◽  
E. Káňová ◽  
I. Jiménez-Munguía ◽  
Z. Tkáčová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Central Nervous System Disease ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Blood Brain ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Abstract The presence of a blood-brain barrier (BBB) and a blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier presents animmense challenge for effective delivery of therapeutics to the central nervous system. Many potential drugs, which are effective at their site of action, have failed due to the lack of distribution in sufficient quantity to the central nervous system (CNS). In consequence, many diseases of the central nervous system remain undertreated. Antibodies, IgG for example, are difficult to deliver to the CNS due to their size (~155 kDa), physico-chemical properties and the presence of Fc receptor on the blood-brain barrier. Smaller antibodies, like the recently developed nanobodies, may overcome the obstacle of the BBB and enter into the CNS. The nanobodies are the smallest available antigen-binding fragments harbouring the full antigenbinding capacity of conventional antibodies. They represent a new generation of therapeutics with exceptional properties, such as: recognition of unique epitopes, target specificity, high affinity, high solubility, high stability and high expression yields in cost-effective recombinant production. Their ability to permeate across the BBBmakes thema promising alternative for central nervous system disease therapeutics. In this review, we have systematically presented different aspects of the BBB, drug delivery mechanisms employed to cross the BBB, and finally nanobodies — a potential therapeutic molecule against neuroinfections.

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