The use of Pacatal in Low-Grade Mental Defectives

1957 ◽  
Vol 103 (431) ◽  
pp. 402-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne K. Gillie
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Chlorpromazine Hydrochloride ◽  
Mental Defectives

During recent years various tranquillizing drugs have been used therapeutically, namely, chlorpromazine hydrochloride (Largactil), reserpine (Serpasil), benactyzine hydrochloride (Suavitil) and hydroxyzine (Atarax) in mental disorders. Chlorpromazine and reserpine, though effective to a certain extent in mental disorders of the disturbed type, have the disadvantage of certain side-effects which have necessitated reduction and even cessation of the drugs, even when proving clinically efficacious.

scholarly journals Natural Bioactive Compounds Useful in Clinical Management of Metabolic Syndrome

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annalisa Noce ◽  
Manuela Di Lauro ◽  
Francesca Di Daniele ◽  
Anna Pietroboni Zaitseva ◽  
Giulia Marrone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Clinical Management ◽  
Endothelial Damage ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Clinic Management ◽  
Pharmaceutical Therapy ◽  
Increased Risk

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a clinical manifestation characterized by a plethora of comorbidities, including hyperglycemia, abdominal obesity, arterial hypertension, and dyslipidemia. All MetS comorbidities participate to induce a low-grade inflammation state and oxidative stress, typical of this syndrome. MetS is related to an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases and early death, with an important impact on health-care costs. For its clinic management a poly-pharmaceutical therapy is often required, but this can cause side effects and reduce the patient’s compliance. For this reason, finding a valid and alternative therapeutic strategy, natural and free of side effects, could represent a useful tool in the fight the MetS. In this context, the use of functional foods, and the assumption of natural bioactive compounds (NBCs), could exert beneficial effects on body weight, blood pressure and glucose metabolism control, on endothelial damage, on the improvement of lipid profile, on the inflammatory state, and on oxidative stress. This review focuses on the possible beneficial role of NBCs in the prevention and in the clinical management of MetS and its comorbidities.

scholarly journals Outlook of applying of virtual reality (VR) technologies in the treatment of patients with mental disorders (review of foreign literature)

2021 ◽  
pp. 18-24
Author(s):  
V. V. Freize ◽  
L. V. Malyshko ◽  
G. I. Grachev ◽  
V. B. Dutov ◽  
N. V. Semenova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
English Language ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Safe Method ◽  
Phobic Disorders ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Russian Psychiatry

The purpose of the study was to summarize data from foreign studies about the use of virtual reality (VR) technology in the treatment of patients with various mental disorders.Materials and methods: we selected and analyzed articles from MEDLINE / PubMed databases during the period from 2000 till 2020, as well as relevant references in the bibliography of the analyzed articles. 45 articles were included in further analysis from 575 English-language articles.Results: The use of VR technologies in the treatment of mental disorders appears to be one of the promising directions in psychiatry. The successfulness of these methods in patients with eating disorders, anxiety-phobic disorders, and obsessive-compulsive disorder is supported to be evidentiary information. There is evidence of the effectiveness of such methods in patients with schizophrenia, particularly, one of the most significant results is an increase in social functioning. The absence of side effects data makes it possible to consider t VR therapy as a safe method. It is needed to make further study the areas of application of VR therapy and conduct research to identify possible side effects of this method.Conclusion: The obtained results are important for drawing attention to the prospect of using VR technologies in Russian psychiatry and demonstrate the need for further study of this method.

Reactions of Low-Grade Mental Defectives to Pain

1958 ◽  
Vol 104 (435) ◽  
pp. 434-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Stengel ◽  
A. J. Oldham ◽  
A. S. C. Ehrenberg
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Mental Patients ◽  
Original Investigation ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
Noxious Stimuli ◽  
Mental Defectives ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Sensitivity To Pain

In an earlier study (Stengel et al., 1955), reactions of various types of mental patients to eleven different painful and noxious stimuli were described. Two groups of 54 females and 43 male low-grade defectives were included in the original investigation, but it was felt at that time that the results needed further amplification before they could be usefully commented upon. In this earlier investigation only one of us actually carried out the tests, the reliability of which, therefore, was not clearly established. Furthermore, in the original testing of low-grade defectives no assessment of “Overt Reactivity” was made. As the relationship between this factor and pain reactivity in the other patient groups constituted an important finding of the study, we came to the conclusion that it would be necessary to retest some of the low-grade defective patients with these points in mind. This seemed all the more desirable as it is widely assumed that mental defectives in general, and especially low-grade mental defectives, are grossly deficient in sensitivity to pain.

Randomized Comparison of Cladribine Containing Regimens and COP in Previously Untreated Patients with Small Lymphocytic, Marginal Zone and Follicular Lymphoma.

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 4739-4739
Author(s):  
Ewa Kalinka ◽  
Jaroslaw Wajs ◽  
Kazimierz Sulek ◽  
Tadeusz Robak ◽  
Maria Blasinska-Morawiec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Overall Response Rate ◽  
Marginal Zone ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Front Line ◽  
Histological Subtypes ◽  
First Line ◽  
To Receive

Abstract The aim of the study was to comparatively assess first-line treatment with cladribine alone or in combination with cyclophosphamide (CCR, cladribine-containing regimens) and COP (cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisone) in different subtypes of low-grade lymphoma. End points were complete remission (CR), overall response rate (ORR), incidence of chemotherapy-related side effects as well as freedom from progression (FFP) and overall survival (OS). From June’2000 to June’2005, 178 previously untreated patients (pts) were randomly allocated to receive 6 monthly courses of either CCR or COP in 17 centers in Poland. This analysis included 107 pts who have completed scheduled chemotherapy, including 45 pts with small lymphocytic (SLL, median age=64 years), 26 marginal zone (MZL, median age=58 years) and 36 follicular (FL, median age=65 years) lymphoma. Compared to COP, CCR induced higher CR rates in all treated groups (65% vs 15%, p=.005; 57% vs 10%, p=.02; 58% vs 12%, p=.03, respectively) but differences in ORR were not significant (92% vs 69%; 92% vs 60%; 79% vs 62%, respectively). Incidence of side effects did not differ significantly in CCR- as compared to COP-treated pts, e.i. infections (10% vs 7%; 14% vs 20%; 15% vs 0%, respectively), myelosuppression (31% vs 7%; 21% vs 20%; 30% vs 0%, respectively), and non-hematological adverse events (10% vs 14%; 7% vs 30%; 7% vs 22%, respectively). With a median follow-up of 12 months, median FFP was superior in CCR- as compared to COP-treated treated pts with SLL (43 vs 12 months, log-rank p<.03) or MZL (37 vs 7 months, log-rank p<.03) but not with FL (17 vs 22 months). Although the median OS has not been reached in any of the histological group so far, no difference in its duration is detected between CCR- or COP-treated pts. In summary, for pts with SLL, MZL and FL, first-line CCR regimens provided better CR and similar toxicity rates as compared to COP, which translated into longer FFP in SLL and MZL but not in FL pts. Although these results warrant larger number of pts and longer follow-up, they might suggest the choice of different front-line chemotherapy with or without immunotherapy in particular histological subtypes of low-grade lymphoma.

Treatment of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma of the stomach with radiation alone.

1998 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 1916-1921 ◽  
Author(s):  
N R Schechter ◽  
C S Portlock ◽  
J Yahalom
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Complete Response ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Low Dose Radiotherapy ◽  
H Pylori

PURPOSE Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma of the stomach (MLS) has recently been defined as a distinct clinicopathologic entity, often associated with Helicobacter pylori infection. Many regard antibiotic therapy as the primary treatment of MLS, but in the absence of H pylori infection, or when salvage of antibiotic failures is required, gastrectomy and/or chemotherapy have frequently been used. This study evaluates the efficacy of low-dose radiotherapy alone as an alternative to surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS Seventeen patients with stage I to II(2) low-grade MLS without evidence of H pylori infection or with persistent lymphoma after antibiotic therapy of associated H pylori infection were included in this series. Median age was 69 years (range, 39 to 84). Median total radiation dose was 30 Gy (range, 28.5 to 43.5 Gy) delivered in 1.5-Gy fractions within 4 weeks to the stomach and adjacent lymph nodes. Following treatment, all patients underwent endoscopic evaluation and biopsy at a median of 4 months, at 6-month intervals to 2 years, and annually thereafter. RESULTS All obtained a biopsy-confirmed complete response. At a median follow-up time of 27 months (range, 11 to 68) from completion of radiotherapy, event-free survival was 100%. Treatment was well tolerated, with no significant acute side effects. All remained asymptomatic at last follow-up. CONCLUSION These results suggest that effective treatment of MLS with low-dose radiation therapy alone is feasible and safe, and allows stomach preservation. Longer follow-up evaluation is required to determine the long-term efficacy of this treatment approach and its side effects. Further studies should clarify the indications for radiotherapy in H pylori-negative or antibiotic-resistant cases of MLS.

The Incidence of Cutis Verticis Gyrata in Three Low-Grade Mental Defectives

1958 ◽  
Vol 104 (436) ◽  
pp. 850-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick E. Kratter
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Mental Defective ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Cutis Verticis Gyrata ◽  
First Occurrence ◽  
Mental Defectives ◽  
Corrugated Skin

The earliest case of cutis verticis gyrata reported in the literature appears to have been that of Robert (1) in 1843. The following instances were observed by Auvert (2) in 1854 and subsequent cases were noted by Poggi (3) in 1884 and Lombroso (4) in 1890. In 1893, McDowall (5) and Cowan (6) recorded the first occurrence of this abnormal scalp development in association with a microcephalic mental defective, and since that case report several other authors such as Möller (7) in 1903 and Judassohn (8) in 1906, described similar instances. In 1907, Unna (9) presented three cases and coined the name cutis verticis gyrata. It is also known under additional terms such as “corrugated skin”, “bulldog scalp” and “pachydermie occipitale vorticillée”.

Phase I study of the safety and efficacy of atiprimod, a novel azaspirine, for patients with advanced cancer

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 13050-13050
Author(s):  
F. S. Braiteh ◽  
J. Yao ◽  
L. H. Camacho ◽  
C. Ng ◽  
D. S. Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Maximum Diameter ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Uterine Leiomyosarcoma ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Gastrointestinal Side Effects ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Unclear Etiology

13050 Background: Atiprimod (N-N-diethl-8,8-dipropyl-2-azaspiro [4.5] decane-2-propanamine) is an oral cationic azaspirane that suppresses angiogenesis by inhibiting both bFGF and VEGF induced proliferation and migration. Atiprimod has been shown to down-regulate multiple growth factors involved in tumor progressions and metastases, including IL-6, TNF-α, and VEGF. Methods: This is an ongoing, single-center, open-label, ascending dose (modified Fibonacci) Phase I trial of oral atiprimod in patients with advanced cancers (3+3 design). Atiprimod was given orally for 14 days every 28-day cycle. The primary objectives are to identify the MTD and to evaluate the safety of atiprimod; the secondary objectives include measuring PK and describing efficacy. Data from these patients enrolled are presented here. Results: Fourteen patients have been treated to date with 60 mg tablets (N = 3), 60 mg capsules (N = 3), 90 mg capsules (N = 3) and 120 mg capsules (N = 5). The most common side effects, which occurred in over half the patients, were related to the gastrointestinal system, and include nausea (11), diarrhea (7), vomiting (4) abdominal pain (2) and dyspepsia (2). These events were generally low-grade, occurred primarily during days of active drug administration and tended to resolve during off-drug days. Less common adverse events were sinus headaches, and elevated serum transaminases, alkaline phosphatase and creatinine. One patient who received prolonged therapy (7 months) developed fever and multi-organ failure of unclear etiology. One patient with uterine leiomyosarcoma experienced a DLT (syncope and hypotension) at 120 mg/day, and that dose level is therefore being expanded up to 6 patients. One patient with midgut carcinoid tumor and liver metastasis achieved a partial remission lasting 2+ months (50% decrease in maximum diameter by RECIST). Three patients (carcinoid = 2 and thymoma = 1) had stable disease for four, four and six months, respectively. Conclusions: Preliminary data indicate that atiprimod was reasonably tolerated, with predominantly gastrointestinal side effects. There is early evidence of anti-tumor activity in carcinoid tumors. Dose escalation continues. [Table: see text]

ELECTROCONVULSIVE THERAPY FOR MENTAL DISORDERS DURING PREGNANCY AND THE POSTPARTUM PERIOD

2020 ◽  
pp. 44-52
Author(s):  
Fedor V. Orlov
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽  
Postpartum Period ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Line Method ◽  
Somatic Condition ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Potential Risks

Electroconvulsive therapy is a method of treating mental disorders that is still used today. It is thanks to electroconvulsive therapy that high rates of remission are achieved in patients. The main clinical indications for electroconvulsive therapy are severe depression with a high risk of suicide, life-threatening somatic conditions due to depression. Electroconvulsive therapy is usually used in the first and second trimesters of pregnancy as a last-line method of choice if there are convincing indications for its administration, to quickly eliminate the symptoms. When performing electroconvulsive therapy, the risks of using anesthesia, side effects, severity of the somatic condition, as well as the risks of not using this therapy are evaluated. Although electroconvulsive therapy is considered to be a safe and effective method for treating mental patients if necessary measures are taken to reduce potential risks, it is extremely rarely used to treat women with mental disorders during pregnancy and the postpartum period.

Late-Onset Schizophrenia: a Case Report

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 841-841 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Lloret ◽  
M. Harto ◽  
A. Tatay ◽  
C. Almonacid ◽  
A. Castillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Thought Control ◽  
Diagnostic Categories ◽  
Dsm V ◽  
High Level ◽  
Specific Symptoms

IntroductionLate-onset psychoses are a heterogeneous group of disorders whose nosology has been controversial throughout history. Several methodological limitations have made difficult the comparison among studies and, as a consequence, the research interest has been little, leading to the absence of late-onset schizophrenia and paraphrenia in current official classifications.Aims and methodologyTo highlight the specific symptoms of late-onset schizophrenia as well as its differences with other psychoses though the study of a case report.ResultsA 70-year-old woman developed psychotic symptoms during the last seven years, consisting of auditory and olfactory hallucinations, telepathic phenomena and injury delusions, erotomania and thought control, with a high level of systematization and fantasy. She was admitted in an inpatient unit. She was treated with risperidone and the psychotic symptoms got better. At the time of hospital discharge, hallucinations and delusional thoughts had disappeared and no behavioral or emotional disorder was observed. Some weeks later, risperidone had to be substituted by paliperidone due to side effects, such as tremor, sialorrhea and parkinsonism.ConclusionsLate-onset schizophrenic psychosis is not as exceptional as it has been traditionally considered. One of the main problems is that current classifications do not include specific diagnostic categories for cases of late or very-late-onset psychoses. It would be necessary that future ICD-11 and DSM-V classifications will include different-age criteria when diagnosing mental disorders.

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