scholarly journals Risk factors for depression during the COVID-19 pandemic: a longitudinal study in middle-aged and older adults

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie Rutland-Lawes ◽  
Anna-Stiina Wallinheimo ◽  
Simon L. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Living Alone ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Increased Risk

Background The COVID-19 pandemic and resultant social restrictions have had widespread psychological ramifications, including a rise in depression prevalence. However, longitudinal studies on sociodemographic risk factors are lacking. Aims To quantify longitudinal changes in depression symptoms during the pandemic compared with a pre-pandemic baseline, in middle-aged and older adults, and identify the risk factors contributing to this. Method A total of 5331 participants aged ≥50 years were drawn from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Self-reported depression symptoms in June/July 2020 were compared with baseline data from 2–3 years prior. Regression models investigated sociodemographic and lifestyle variables that could explain variance in change in depression. Results Within-participant depression scores increased significantly from pre-pandemic levels: 14% met the criteria for clinical depression at baseline, compared with 26% during the pandemic. Younger age, female gender, higher depression scores at baseline, living alone and having a long-standing illness were significant risk factors. Gender-stratified regression models indicated that older age was protective for women only, whereas urban living increased risk among women only. Being an alcohol consumer was a protective factor among men only. Conclusions Depression in UK adults aged ≥50 years increased significantly during the pandemic. Being female, living alone and having a long-standing illness were prominent risk factors. Younger women living in urban areas were at particularly high risk, suggesting such individuals should be prioritised for support. Findings are also informative for future risk stratification and intervention strategies, particularly if social restrictions are reimposed as the COVID-19 crisis continues to unfold.

scholarly journals The association between childhood neighborhood relationship and mental health in middle and later life: Evidence from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Sun ◽  
Hongye Luo ◽  
Chaofan Li ◽  
Qianqiang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Logit Regression ◽  
Neighborhood Relationship ◽  
Research Gap

Abstract Background It is unclear that whether childhood neighborhood relationship is associated with mental health among middle-aged and older adults. To overcome this research gap, this study aimed to investigate the association between childhood neighborhood relationship and mental health among the middle-aged and older adults in China. Methods The data of this study was sourced from the 2014 and 2015 waves of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. We used ordinary least squares and logit regression models to explore the association between childhood neighborhood relationship and mental health among the middle-aged and older adults in China. Results The regression results indicate that the middle-aged and older adults who lived in place where neighbors had close-knit relationships at childhood was significantly associated with decreased odds of suffering from depressive symptoms (OR = 0.4259, p < 0.001). Furthermore, compared to the middle-aged and older adults who lived in place where neighbors were not close-knit at childhood, those who lived in place where neighbors were close-knit at childhood had a reduced CES–D score (coefficient = − 2.7822, p < 0.001). Conclusion This study demonstrates the importance of living in place where neighbors had close-knit relationships at childhood. The integrated interventions, including maintaining close-knit neighborhood relationships and strengthening the construction of community, may be useful to improve mental health.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular risk factors and memory decline in middle-aged and older adults: the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Olaya ◽  
Maria Victoria Moneta ◽  
Martin Bobak ◽  
Josep Maria Haro ◽  
Panayotes Demakakos
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Memory Decline ◽  
With Memory ◽  
English Longitudinal Study

Abstract Background We investigated the association between trajectories of verbal episodic memory and burden of cardiovascular risk factors in middle-aged and older community-dwellers. Methods We analysed data from 4372 participants aged 50–64 and 3005 persons aged 65–79 years old from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing who were repeatedly evaluated every 2 years and had six interviews of a 10-year follow-up. We measured the following baseline risk factors: diabetes, hypertension, smoking, physical inactivity and obesity to derive a cardiovascular risk factor score (CVRFs). Adjusted linear mixed effect regression models were estimated to determine the association between number of CVFRs and six repeated measurements of verbal memory scores, separately for middle-aged and older adults. Results CVRFs was not significantly associated with memory at baseline. CVFRs was significantly associated with memory decline in middle-aged (50-64y), but not in older (65-79y) participants. This association followed a dose-response pattern with increasing number of CVFRs being associated with greater cognitive decline. Comparisons between none versus some CVRFs yielded significant differences (p < 0.05). Conclusions Our findings confirm that the effect of cumulative CVRFs on subsequent cognitive deterioration is age-dependent. CVRFs are associated with cognitive decline in people aged 50–64 years, but not in those aged ≥65 years. Although modest, the memory decline associated with accumulation of cardiovascular risk factors in midlife may increase the risk of late-life dementia.

scholarly journals Risk factors for all-cause hospital readmission following exacerbation of COPD: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (156) ◽  
pp. 190166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaber S. Alqahtani ◽  
Chidiamara M. Njoku ◽  
Bonnie Bereznicki ◽  
Barbara C. Wimmer ◽  
Gregory M. Peterson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Copd Exacerbations ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Newcastle Ottawa Scale ◽  
Exacerbation Of Copd ◽  
Meta Analyses

BackgroundReadmission rates following hospitalisation for COPD exacerbations are unacceptably high, and the contributing factors are poorly understood. Our objective was to summarise and evaluate the factors associated with 30- and 90-day all-cause readmission following hospitalisation for an exacerbation of COPD.MethodsWe systematically searched electronic databases from inception to 5 November 2019. Data were extracted by two independent authors in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Study quality was assessed using a modified version of the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. We synthesised a narrative from eligible studies and conducted a meta-analysis where this was possible using a random-effects model.ResultsIn total, 3533 abstracts were screened and 208 full-text manuscripts were reviewed. A total of 32 papers met the inclusion criteria, and 14 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The readmission rate ranged from 8.8–26.0% at 30 days and from 17.5–39.0% at 90 days. Our narrative synthesis showed that comorbidities, previous exacerbations and hospitalisations, and increased length of initial hospital stay were the major risk factors for readmission at 30 and 90 days. Pooled adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) revealed that heart failure (1.29 (1.22–1.37)), renal failure (1.26 (1.19–1.33)), depression (1.19 (1.05–1.34)) and alcohol use (1.11 (1.07–1.16)) were all associated with an increased risk of 30-day all-cause readmission, whereas being female was a protective factor (0.91 (0.88–0.94)).ConclusionsComorbidities, previous exacerbations and hospitalisation, and increased length of stay were significant risk factors for 30- and 90-day all-cause readmission after an index hospitalisation with an exacerbation of COPD.

scholarly journals Age-Related Difference in Weight Change and All-Cause Mortality in Middle-Aged and Older Korean Populations: Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-302
Author(s):  
Jungki Suh ◽  
Yoon Jeong Cho ◽  
Hyun Ji Kim ◽  
Seong Soo Choi
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Weight Losses ◽  
Age Related ◽  
All Cause Mortality

Background: Obesity is associated with increased mortality as a significant risk factor for chronic diseases, including cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Several people believe that weight gain is harmful, and weight loss helps maintain health. However, some studies have shown that weight loss, particularly among older adults, is more likely to increase the risk of mortality than weight gain.Methods: We used data for the cohort of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging, which is a nationwide stratified multi-stage sample of adults aged 45 years. The all-cause mortality risk was assessed using the survival status and the number of months of survival calculated from 2006 (baseline year) to 2016. Cox proportional hazard regression were used to study the causal link between weight change and all-cause mortality risk.Results: The results showed interactive associations between weight loss and mortality among middle-aged and older adults. The hazard ratio was 1.62 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.10–2.40) for the participants aged 45–65 years with weight losses greater than 5 kg and 1.56 (95% CI, 1.29–1.89) for those older than 65 years with weight losses greater than 5 kg. The results for the group with weight gain above 5 kg were not significant. Middle-aged and older men showed an increase in all-cause mortality associated with weight loss of more than 5 kg, but only the older women showed significant results.Conclusion: This large-scale cohort study in Korea showed a relationship between weight loss and all-cause mortality in middle-aged and older individuals.

scholarly journals Prevalence of and factors associated with non-communicable diseases among Bangladeshi adults: investigation from nationally surveyed data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Ashfikur Rahman ◽  
Henry Ratul Halder ◽  
Satyajit Kundu ◽  
Md. Hasan Al Banna
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Binomial Regression

Abstract Background Chronic non-communicable diseases, owing to their increasing prevalence, are the greatest constraint to disease burden reduction in Bangladesh. As a result, we concentrated on determining the prevalence and risk factors for major chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) among adult Bangladeshis. Methods Data from Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) 2017-18 were analyzed. If a participant had diabetes or hypertension, it was classified as NCD. Whereas comorbidity is defined as a subject having both diabetes and hypertension. Both the unadjusted and adjusted log-binomial regression models considering the survey weights were employed to identify the factors associated with NCDs and comorbidity. Results The overall prevalence (age-adjusted) of NCDs (40.43% (95% CI: 40.29-40.56) diabetes and hypertension was 11.55% (95% CI: 11.46-11.64) and 35.04% (95% CI: 34.91-35.17), respectively, while 6.16% (95% CI: 6.09-6.23) of participants had comorbidity. The adjusted regression model shows that being aged >34 years, and overweight or obese were significant risk factors of all NCDs, where being involved in work and from rich households were found as risk factors of diabetes and comorbidity. Smoker participants and females were more likely to have hypertension compared to their counterparts. Contrary, being underweight was a protective factor of having NCDs, similarly, engage in work was found as protective factors of diabetes and co-morbidity. Conclusion A growing prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, and comorbidity was discovered in this study. To reduce the burden of these NCDs, it is necessary to take the necessary steps.

scholarly journals Social isolation and loneliness as risk factors for hospital admissions for respiratory disease among older adults

Thorax ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (7) ◽  
pp. 597-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feifei Bu ◽  
Keir Philip ◽  
Daisy Fancourt
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
Living Alone ◽  
Social Risk ◽  
Social Risk Factors ◽  
Increased Risk

Rising hospital admissions due to respiratory disease (RD) are a major challenge to hospitals. This study explored modifiable social risk factors among 4478 older adults from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Data were linked with administrative hospital records and mortality registry data (follow-up 9.6 years) and analysed using survival analysis accounting for competing risks. Living alone and social disengagement but not social contact or loneliness were associated with an increased risk of RD admissions, independent of socio-demographic, health and behaviour factors. Providing support for disengaged adults living alone who are at risk of RD admissions should be explored.

Subclinical bacteriuria in a mixed population of 179 middle-aged and elderly cats: a prospective cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 678-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frida S Moberg ◽  
Rebecca Langhorn ◽  
Pernille V Bertelsen ◽  
Louise M Pilegaard ◽  
Tina M Sørensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Lower Urinary Tract ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Hepatic Disease ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Lower Urinary

Objectives Subclinical bacteriuria (SBU) is the presence of bacteria in urine with no clinical evidence of lower urinary tract disease. The aims of this study were to investigate if being overweight and/or obesity predispose cats to SBU, to investigate previously reported risk factors and to determine the prevalence of SBU in a prospectively sampled cohort of middle-aged and elderly cats. Methods Cats aged ⩾6 years presenting to the University Hospital for Companion Animals in Copenhagen from 2015–2019 for causes unrelated to the lower urinary tract were eligible for enrolment. Body condition scoring was performed on a 9-point scale. Overweight was defined as a body condition score (BCS) ⩾6 and obese as a BCS ⩾8. The correlation between SBU and the variables of sex, healthy/diseased, age, BCS and comorbidities (chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, hyperthyroidism, hepatic disorders and gastrointestinal disease) were analysed by binominal logistic regression. Results In total, 179 cats ranging from 6–20 (median 10) years of age were included. SBU was identified in 11/179 cats (6.1%). Being overweight was not a significant risk factor (overweight/obese odds ratio [OR] 0.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.06–1.6, relative risk [RR] 0.3 [95% CI 0.05–1.3] vs lean; P = 0.2) and neither was obesity compared with lean and overweight cats ( P = 0.99). Female sex (OR 6.2 [95% CI 1.3–30], RR 4.7 [95% CI 1.5–12] vs male; P = 0.02) and the presence of hepatic disease (OR 7.5 [95% CI 1.4–39], RR 5.3 [95% CI 1.3–12]; P = 0.02) were significant risk factors. Conclusions and relevance The prevalence of SBU in cats is low, and being overweight/obese was not identified as a predisposing factor. The increased risk associated with hepatic disease has not been previously reported, and further studies are needed to confirm this finding.

scholarly journals Multimorbidity and Depression Incidence Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 256-256
Author(s):  
Fei Tang ◽  
Elizabeth Vasquez
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Functional Ability ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Functional Limitation ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Binomial Regression ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Previous studies suggested that multimorbidity (co-occurrence of two or more chronic conditions) is associated with increased risk of depression. However, limited studies have examined the relationships between multimorbidity and depression among Chinese middle-aged and older adults. The current study aimed to evaluate the associations between multimorbidity and incidence of depression and the potential mediation effect of functional limitation among Chinese middle–aged and older adults. Data of 8,093 individuals who participated in both wave 1 (2011) and wave 4 (2015) of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) and were free of depression in wave 1 were included in the study. Multiple log-binomial regression models were used to evaluate the associations between multimorbidity and incident depression. Mediation analysis was conducted to examine the effect of functional limitation. A third of participants in our study were identified as having multimorbidity in wave 1 (N=2,479) and 23% participants were free of depression in wave 1 but had depression in wave 4 (N=1,827). After adjusting for potential confounders, multimorbidity was observed to be associated with depression incidence (RR: 1.31; 95% CI: 1.21 – 1.42). In addition, functional limitation mediated the relationship between multimorbidity and depression incidence. Our findings add to the literature on the potential associations between multimorbidity and depression incidence among Chinese middle-aged and older adults. Furthermore, the relationship between multimorbidity and depression incidence was observed to be mediated by functional limitation. Interventions that improve functional ability among Chinese middle-aged and older adults could potentially attenuate the effect of multimorbidity on depression incidence.

Abstract WP214: Risk Factors for Recurrence of Vascular Events in Middle-Aged Stroke Survivors

Stroke ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin N Vanent ◽  
Audrey C Leasure ◽  
Lindsey R Kuohn ◽  
Oscar R Benavente ◽  
Ashkan Shoamanesh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Stroke Survivors ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Vascular Events ◽  
Black Race ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Risk Factors For Recurrence

Background: Stroke in middle-aged persons is emerging as a distinct entity from previously described "stroke in the young.” Risk factors for recurrence of vascular events in middle-aged stroke survivors have not been well described in a large, racially diverse US-based population. Methods: We performed a retrospective longitudinal analysis of claims data from all hospitalizations in California (2005-2011), Florida (2005-2014), and New York (2005-2014). We included survivors of first-ever ischemic stroke (IS) and non-traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). We used validated ICD-9 codes to identify recurrent vascular events, defined as a readmission with a primary diagnosis of IS, ICH, or myocardial infarction (MI). We used survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression to determine factors associated with recurrence risk in middle-aged (40-60 years) versus older (>60 years) adults. Results: We identified 123,212 non-fatal hospitalizations for first-ever IS or ICH in middle-aged adults. There were 14,721 readmissions for recurrent vascular events (11.9%) over a mean follow-up of 4.0 years (standard deviation [SD] 2.8 years). The 1-year and 10-year recurrence rates were 5.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.3%-5.6%) and 19.4% (95% CI, 19.0%-19.8%) respectively. In multivariable analysis, black (hazard ratio [HR] 1.44; 95% CI, 1.39-1.50; p<0.001) and Hispanic race (HR 1.10; 95% CI, 1.05-1.16; p<0.001), diabetes (HR 1.76; 95% CI, 1.70-1.82; p<0.001), smoking (HR 1.22; 95% CI, 1.18-1.27; p<0.001), hyperlipidemia (HR 1.08; 95% CI, 1.04-1.12; p<0.001), and hypertension (HR 1.06; 95% CI, 1.03-1.10; p<0.001) were associated with increased risk. The associations of black race and diabetes were modified by age category (both multivariable interactions p<0.001). Black race and diabetes were associated with greater increases in risk in middle-aged versus older adults (in older adults: black race HR 1.28; 95% CI, 1.25-1.31; p<0.001; diabetes HR 1.27; 95% CI, 1.25-1.30; p<0.001). Conclusions: Black race and diabetes were the strongest risk factors for recurrence of vascular events in a middle-aged population. Further study of interventions to reduce recurrence and resulting disability in this younger, higher risk population is needed.

scholarly journals Association of self-perceived income sufficiency with cognitive impairment among older adults: a population-based study in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Muhammad ◽  
Shobhit Srivastava ◽  
T. V. Sekher
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Basic Needs ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Asset Ownership ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background Greater cognitive performance has been shown to be associated with better mental and physical health and lower mortality. The present study contributes to the existing literature on the linkages of self-perceived income sufficiency and cognitive impairment. Study also provides additional insights on other socioeconomic and health-related variables that are associated with cognitive impairment in older ages. Methods Data for this study is derived from the 'Building Knowledge Base on Population Ageing in India'. The final sample size for the analysis after removing missing cases was 9176 older adults. Descriptive along with bivariate analyses were presented to show the plausible associations of cognitive impairment with potential risk factors using the chi-square test. Also, binary logistic regression analysis was performed to provide the relationship between cognitive impairment and risk factors. The software used was STATA 14. Results About 43% of older adults reported that they had no source of income and 7.2% had income but not sufficient to fulfil their basic needs. Older adults with income but partially sufficient to fulfil their basic needs had 39% significantly higher likelihood to suffer from cognitive impairment than older adults who had sufficient income [OR: 1.39; OR: 1.21–1.59]. Likelihood of cognitive impairment was low among older adults with asset ownership than older adults with no asset ownership [OR: 0.83; CI: 0.72–0.95]. Again, older adults who work by compulsion (73.3%) or felt mental or physical stress due to work (57.6%) had highest percentage of cognitive impairment. Moreover, older adults with poor self-rated health, low instrumental activities of daily living, low activities of daily living, low subjective well-being and low psychological health were at increased risk for cognitive impairment. Conclusion The study highlights the pressing need for care and support and especially financial incentives in the old age to preserve cognitive health. Further, while planning geriatric health care for older adults in India, priority must be given to financially backward, with no asset ownership, with poor health status, older-older, widowed, and illiterate older individuals, as they are more vulnerable to cognitive impairment.

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