scholarly journals Predicting risks of physical health deterioration in a place of safety

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (S1) ◽  
pp. S8-S8
Author(s):  
Alex Berry ◽  
Florence Dalton ◽  
Michael Dunning ◽  
Freddie Johansson
Keyword(s):  
Physical Health ◽  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Medical Clearance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Physical Health Problems ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Degree Of Confidence ◽  
Trained Staff

AimsHealthcare triage for those subject to section 136 powers (MHA 1983/2007) remains challenging. Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust opened a dedicated Health-Based Place of Safety (HBPOS) in 2020, situated separately from an emergency department (ED). There was concern that this may lead to physical health problems going unrecognised. We aimed to design a simple, efficient algorithm to be used by non-medically-trained staff to identify those who are subject to s.136 powers who would benefit from medical clearance before being admitted to the HBPOSMethodWe chaired a consensus meeting with nursing staff, police and emergency medicine consultants when designing the algorithm. Case notes of those presenting under s.136 to the POS over 1 calendar-month in 2019 were reviewed, and the proportion of those who the algorithm would have diverted for medical clearance was calculated. We then reviewed the proportion of cases sent for medical clearance during a single calendar month in 2020, after the HBPOS had opened, to see whether there was a significant difference.Result37 patients were admitted to the ED-based POS in July 2019, of which 36 records were analysed. 9 patients (25%) were referred for medical clearance, with 2 (6%) requiring medical admission. 8.6% were identified as needing medical clearance when the algorithm was applied retrospectively (positive predictive value 66%, negative predictive value = 79%).Review of records over 1 calendar-month after the HBPOS was established showed 30.6% of patients had been diverted for medical clearance prior to entering the HBPOS. Of the 65 patients, 1 (2%) required transfer to ED within 48 hours of entry. No statistical difference in the proportion of patients sent for medical clearance was observed since the formation of the HBPOS away from the ED (Chi-squared = 0.549, p = 0.458), suggesting the algorithm successfully identified those patients who needed medical clearance prior to admission.We observed high rates of intoxication amongst those admitted (30–40%).ConclusionThe algorithm showed high specificity and negative predictive value, allowing for a degree of confidence when admitting those deemed at low-risk of physical deterioration, though it does not eliminate the need for clinical judgement. Interpretation of the results is complicated by the COVID19 pandemic in 2020, which was not accounted for in the algorithm, which possibly led to deviations from the algorithm in real-world clinical practice.

scholarly journals Agreement in the diagnosis of dental fluorosis in central incisors performed by a standardized photographic method and clinical examination

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 1017-1024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Castro Martins ◽  
Loliza Chalub ◽  
Ynara Bosco Lima-Arsati ◽  
Isabela Almeida Pordeus ◽  
Saul Martins Paiva
Keyword(s):  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Clinical Examination ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Dental Fluorosis ◽  
Digital Camera ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Photographic Method ◽  
Pediatric Dentists

The aim of this study was to assess agreement in the diagnosis of dental fluorosis performed by a standardized digital photographic method and a clinical examination (gold standard). 49 children (aged 7-9 years) were clinically evaluated by a trained examiner for the assessment of dental fluorosis. Central incisors were evaluated for the presence or absence of dental fluorosis and were photographed with a digital camera. Photographs were presented to three pediatric dentists, who examined the images. Data were analyzed using Cohen's kappa and validity values. Agreement in the diagnosis performed by the photographic method and clinical examination was good (0.67) and accuracy was 83.7%. The prevalence of dental fluorosis was reported to be higher in the clinical examination (49%) compared with the photographic method (36.7%). The photographic method presented higher specificity (96%) than sensitivity (70.8%), a positive predictive value (PPV) of 94.4% and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 77.4%. The diagnosis of dental fluorosis performed using the photographic method presented high specificity and PPV, which indicates that the method is reproducible and reliable for recording dental fluorosis.

scholarly journals Clinical Performance of the Spot Vision Photo Screener before and after Induction of Cycloplegia in Children

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konuralp Yakar
Keyword(s):  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Clinical Performance ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Screening Criteria ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Vision Screener

Aim. To compare the clinical performance of the Spot Vision Screener used to detect amblyopia risk factors (ARFs) in children before and after induction of cycloplegia; the children were referred because they met the screening criteria of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus (AAPOS). Methods. The Spot Vision Screener and a standard autorefractometer were used to examine 200 eyes of 100 children aged 3–10 years, before and after cycloplegia induction, in terms of ARFs. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for the detection of significant refractive errors were measured using the AAPOS referral criteria. It was explored that Spot Screener data were affected by cycloplegia. The extent of agreement between cycloplegic/noncycloplegic photoscreening data and cycloplegic autorefraction measurements was assessed using Wilcoxon and Spearman correlation analyses. Results. The Spot’s sensitivity was improved from 60.9% to 85.3% and specificity from 94.9% to 87.4% with cycloplegia compared to cycloplegic standard autorefractometer results. The positive predictive value of Spot was 75.7%, and the negative predictive value was 90.4% without cycloplegia. With cycloplegia, the positive predictive value of Spot was 63.6% and the negative predictive value was 95.8%. Conclusions. The Spot Screener afforded moderate sensitivity and high specificity prior to cycloplegia. The sensitivity and negative predictive value improved after induction of cycloplegia. Examiners should be aware of the effects of cycloplegia on their findings.

scholarly journals Health Risks Faced by Turkish Agricultural Workers

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hülya Çakmur
Keyword(s):  
Physical Health ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Agricultural Workers ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Physical Health Problems ◽  
Lower Education

Background. Individuals who make a living through agriculture and animal husbandry are faced with a variety of physical and psychological health risks. In many international studies, it has been shown that these risks can result in disease. The purpose of this study is to summarize the health risks faced by Turkish agricultural workers.Materials and Methods. This study used a nonrandom, convenience sample. The biopsychosocial health statuses of 177 farmers from 11 central villages in Kars, Turkey, were examined.Results. It was determined that the depression rate among the study group was 62.1%, the rate of physical health problems was 52.0%, and the rate of social isolation was 53.7%. There was a statistically significant difference between the depression scale scores and lower education levels, having ≥ three children, and physical health problems, as well as the physical condition of the farmers’ homes. There was a significant difference between poor physical health and older age, lower education levels, having ≥ three children, and social isolation.Conclusions. In providing data-based evidence, it is believed that this study will contribute considerably to understanding the causality of health problems in this population and in planning the development of public health and veterinary services based on regional needs.

scholarly journals Correlation of cord blood albumin values with neonatal jaundice in health new-borns: a prospective observational study

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 634
Author(s):  
Jehangir Allam Bhat ◽  
Roshan Ara
Keyword(s):  
Cord Blood ◽  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Observation Study ◽  
Blood Albumin ◽  
Group B

Background: The objective of the present study was to investigate the predictability of pathological jaundice on cord blood albumin values.Methods: It was a prospective observation study conducted in Kurji holy family hospital on 289 healthy new-borns. Babies were divided into two groups. Group A who developed physiological jaundice and group B who developed pathological jaundice. Cord blood albumin was estimated in all new-born who were then followed up-to 5th day of life. Babies who developed jaundice requiring treatment were admitted in NICU for phototherapy. Rest where checked regularly up-to 5th day of life and value recorded on 5th day by estimation of serum albumin.Results: Incidence of pathological hyperalbuminemia in present study was 11.2%. There was statistically significant correlation between cord blood albumin and development of pathological jaundice. Gender, age, mode of delivery and birth weight has no correlation with cord albumin and the subsequent development of jaundice. Cord blood albumin <3.5mg/dl when compared with subsequent development of jaundice has high specificity (83.92%) and negative predictive value (87.35%). Cord blood value of >2.5mg/dl has high sensitivity (97.06%), specificity (99.22%), Positive predictive value (94.29%) and negative predictive value (99.61%) in predicting future development of pathological jaundice.Conclusions: The 87.35% negative predictive value in the present study suggests that in healthy term babies (Cord blood albumin ≤3.5mg/dl) cord serum albumin can help to identify those new-borns who are unlikely to require further evaluation and intervention. These new-borns can be discharged with assurance to parents. Babies with CBA level <2.5mg/dl should be followed more frequently. Thus, this study concludes that cord blood total albumin levels reliably predict the occurrence of pathological hyperalbuminemia.

scholarly journals A cross-sectional study on prevalence of gastro esophageal reflux disease in regurgitant infant and children with evaluation of IGERQ score

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 395
Author(s):  
Elayaraja Kandasamy ◽  
Senthil Kumar Andy
Keyword(s):  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Reflux Disease ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Esophageal Reflux ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Validated Questionnaire

Background: Gastro Esophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) is the most common esophageal disorder in children of all ages. GER becomes pathological when reflux increase in frequency and intensity, associated with esophageal and respiratory symptoms. Thus, the study was determined to assess the prevalence of GERD in regurgitant children of age 6 to 24 months with evaluation of IGERQ score (Infant Gastro Esophageal Reflux Questionnaire).Methods: A descriptive study was conducted in Gastroenterology Department, Institute of child Health and Hospital for Children, Egmore, Chennai from September 2007 to September 2009. 123 regurgitant children of age 6-24 months were enrolled. Clinical examination and validated questionnaire with total score of 25 was used. Data analysis was aided by EPI info programme. Chi square with P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. IGERQ score was evaluated by calculating sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive valve and negative predictive valve.Results: The prevalence of GERD in regurgitant infant and children is 30.8%. Refusal of feeds and poor weight in regurgitant children significantly correlated with GERD. sensitivity was 84%, specificity was 96%, positive predictive value was 91%, negative predictive value was 93%Conclusions: Clinical diagnosis of GERD is sufficient in most instances and a questionnaire may aid in diagnosis the disease. IGERQ score is easily adaptable. IGERQ score >5 has high specificity positive and negative predictive value but reproducibility in our population need further evaluation. 

Interim-Positron Emission Tomography with [18F]Fluorodeoxyglucose (interim-PET) Evaluation In Mediastinal Lymphoma Including Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL) and Primary Mediastinal Large B-Cell Lymphoma (PMBL)

Blood ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 116 (21) ◽  
pp. 2860-2860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Algrin ◽  
Nathalie Bérenger ◽  
Sylvie Chevret ◽  
Laetitia Vercellino ◽  
Cédric de Bazelaire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Prognostic Impact ◽  
Event Free Survival ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Interim Pet ◽  
Mediastinal Lymphoma ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Semiquantitative Evaluation

Abstract Abstract 2860 Introduction. Histological lymphoma diagnosis of adult patients with bulky mediastinal mass is either HL or PMBL, two distinct diseases with a specific outcome. PET interpretation is often difficult for mediastinal lymphoma because of the volume of the tumor and the presence of blood pool. No specific criteria for interpretation of interim-PET have yet been defined in this clinical entity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of qualitative and semiquantitative evaluations of interim-PET in mediastinal lymphoma. Methods. We retrospectively included 72 patients with either HL (n=48) or PMBL (n=24), previously untreated, aged under 60 at diagnosis and who underwent at least one interim-PET evaluation. Patients with sub-diaphragmatic or medullar localisations of lymphoma were excluded. All PET scans were reviewed. Qualitative evaluation included global visual evaluation (GVE) (positive or negative) and 5 points-scale (5PS). Semiquantitative evaluation consisted in maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) and SUVmax reduction between the baseline PET (PET0) and the evaluation performed after two (PET2) or four (PET4) cycles of chemotherapy. Prognostic impact was evaluated on the event-free survival (EFS), defined as disease progression/first relapse (n=18) or death (n=2). ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) curve was used to assess the value of SUVmax reduction in discriminating future deaths or relapses, based on area under the curve (AUC). The “best“ cut-off that provides both the lowest false positive and the lowest false negative rates was computed. Results. Median age was 29 (24 - 35), 60% male. Tumoral mass was more than 7.5 cm in 70% of the patients, and M/T ratio>= 0.35 in 79%. Median SUVmax at baseline, PET2 and PET4 were 12.8 (4.1;33.2), 1.9 (1.7;3.1), and 2.4 (1.7;3.1), respectively. With a median follow-up at 24 months, 2-year event-free survival (EFS) was 67%, without significant difference between HL and PMBL (p=0.98). Except for ECOG performance status in PMBL, neither clinical nor biological feature was predictive for EFS. Using GVE, a negative PET2 (n=36/59) and PET4 (n=24/34), were achieved in 61% and 71%, respectively. GVE and 5PS have a significant negative predictive value (NPV) at PET2 (HR=3.2, 95%CI: 1.2–8.2; p=0.012, and HR=1.9, 95%CI: 1.1–3.3, p=0.01) and at PET4 (HR=13.9, 95%CI: 3.5–55; p=0.0001, and 2.6, 95%CI: 1.5–4.7, p=0.001 respectively), with a 2-year estimated EFS of 69% for PET2-negative patients versus 51% for PET2-positive patients (p=0.012), and of 86% for PET4-negative patients versus 20% for PET4-positive patients (p=0.001). An optimal cut-off of 81% SUVmax reduction from PET0 to PET2 or PET4 yielded a 2-year estimated EFS of 70% in patients with reduction of more than 81%, versus 47% in those with reduction of 81% or less (p=0.004). In the HL subgroup, GVE and SUVmax reduction higher than 81% at PET2 (p=0.0001, p=0.015, respectively) and PET4 (p=0.004, p=0.015, respectively) showed significant prognostic values for EFS. In the PMBL subgroup, neither qualitative nor semiquantitative evaluation at PET2 was predictive for EFS. At PET4, GVE and 5PS were strongly predictive for EFS (p=0.005, p=0.0001). Patients with SUVmax reduction higher than 81% between PET0 and PET4 reached a 67% 2-year EFS, while patients with lower SUVmax reduction had only a 33% 2-year EFS (p=0.13). Conclusion. The cut-off value of SUVmax reduction estimated for predicting EFS with best accuracy in mediastinal lymphoma was 81%. Although the SUV semiquantification helps to reduce the number of false positives, visual global analysis had a significant negative predictive value in interim-PET in mediastinal lymphoma, with a possible very early prediction, as early as PET2 in HL, and a better prediction at PET4 than PET2 in PMBL. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

The Negative Predictive Value of Clinical Examination With or Without Anesthesia Versus Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Parametrial Infiltration in Cervical Cancer Stages IB1 to IIA

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne M. Bleker ◽  
Shandra Bipat ◽  
Anje M. Spijkerboer ◽  
Jacobus van der Velden ◽  
Jaap Stoker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Clinical Examination ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Academic Medical Center ◽  
Clinical Staging ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Significant Difference

ObjectiveThis study aimed to compare the negative predictive value (NPV) of clinical examination with or without anesthesia and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in identifying patients with cervical carcinoma without parametrial infiltration.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study was conducted at the Academic Medical Center in Amsterdam. The medical files of 203 patients diagnosed with cervical cancer stages IB1-IIA, who underwent surgical treatment between January 1, 2003, and January 31, 2011, were reviewed. We compared clinical International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics staging and MRI during the staging procedure. The results were compared with the parametrial status by surgical-pathological investigation, which was considered to be the reference standard.ResultsBased on the surgical-pathological findings, 16.7% of the patients treated surgically had parametrial infiltration. For parametrial infiltration, examination under anesthesia (EUA) had an NPV of 65.3% and MRI of 76.9%, respectively. We found no significant difference between these NPVs.ConclusionsExamination under anesthesia and MRI are equal in identifying cervical cancer patients without parametrial infiltration with a tendency for MRI to perform better than EUA. When outpatient clinical staging is considered inconclusive, pretreatment staging may be limited to MRI. In these cases, EUA seems to have no additional value.

scholarly journals Added value of strain elastography in the characterisation of breast lesions: A prospective study

Ultrasound ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 164-173
Author(s):  
Dimpi Sinha ◽  
Sukrity Sharma ◽  
Nischal G Kundaragi ◽  
Sudhir Kumar Kale
Keyword(s):  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Breast Lesions ◽  
Strain Elastography ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Malignant Breast

Background Elastography is a new promising ultrasonographic technique which is used to differentiate benign and malignant breast lesions based on the stiffness of the lesion. Purpose To determine the role of strain elastography in characterisation of breast lesions and to compare the diagnostic performances of strain elastography and conventional ultrasound (US). Methods In total, 113 breast lesions in 100 women were prospectively evaluated by US and strain elastography followed by the histopathological examination. Elastography score based on the Tsukuba colour scale and strain ratio were determined for each lesion. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were calculated for each modality and the diagnostic performances were compared. The best cut-off point was calculated for each of the elastography parameters using the receiver operator curve analysis. Results Out of the 113 lesions, 40 were malignant (35.4%) and 73 were benign (64.6%). The area under the curve for elastography score showed significant difference with that of US: 0.98 versus 0.90 (Difference = 0.08, p =0.02). The elastography parameters were more specific as compared to US (ES-95 and SR-93% vs. 63%, p < 0.05) with a high negative predictive value. The combined use of elastography and US gave better results with 95% sensitivity, 94% specificity, 94% accuracy and negative predictive value reaching 97%. Conclusion Strain elastography is a useful adjunct to conventional ultrasonography. The combined use of strain elastography and ultrasound improves the characterisation of breast lesions and helps in down-staging of assigned BI-RADS category, thereby avoiding unnecessary biopsies. ES is the most useful elastography parameter to differentiate between benign and malignant breast lesions.

scholarly journals Clinicoradiological features of intraneural perineuriomas obviate the need for tissue diagnosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 129 (4) ◽  
pp. 1034-1040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Wilson ◽  
B. Matthew Howe ◽  
Shelby A. Stewart ◽  
Robert J. Spinner ◽  
Kimberly K. Amrami
Keyword(s):  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Contrast Enhancement ◽  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Mr Images ◽  
Cancer History ◽  
Tissue Diagnosis ◽  
Intraneural Perineurioma

OBJECTIVEThis study aimed to define a set of clinicoradiological parameters with a high specificity for the diagnosis of intraneural perineurioma, obviating the need for operative tissue diagnosis.METHODSThe authors retrospectively reviewed MR images obtained in a large cohort of patients who underwent targeted fascicular biopsy and included only those patients for whom the biopsy yielded a diagnosis. Clinical and radiological findings were then tested for their ability to predict a tissue diagnosis of intraneural perineurioma. The authors propose a new set of diagnostic criteria, referred to as the Perineurioma Diagnostic Criteria. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of several clinicoradiological methods of diagnosis were compared.RESULTSA total of 195 patients who underwent targeted fascicular biopsy were included in the cohort, of whom 51 had a tissue diagnosis of intraneural perineurioma. When the clinicoradiological methods used in this study were compared, the highest sensitivity (0.86), negative predictive value (0.95), and F1 score (0.88) were observed for the decision trees generated in C5.0 and rPart, whereas the highest specificity (1.0) and positive predictive value (1.0) were observed for the Perineurioma Diagnostic Criteria.CONCLUSIONSThis study identified clinical and radiological features that are associated with a diagnosis of perineurioma. The Perineurioma Diagnostic Criteria were determined to be the following: 1) no cancer history, 2) unifocal disease, 3) moderate to severe hyperintensity on T2-weighted MR images, 4) moderate to severe contrast enhancement, 5) homogeneous contrast enhancement, 6) fusiform shape, 7) enlargement of the involved nerves, and 8) age ≤ 40 years. Use of the Perineurioma Diagnostic Criteria obviates the need for tissue diagnosis when all of the criteria are satisfied.

Evaluation of red blood cell parameters provided by the UF-5000 urine auto-analyzer in patients with glomerulonephritis

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Genki Mizuno ◽  
Masato Hoshi ◽  
Kentaro Nakamoto ◽  
Masayo Sakurai ◽  
Kazuko Nagashima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Iga Nephropathy ◽  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Cell Parameters ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Low Sensitivity ◽  
Cardinal Symptom

Abstract Objectives The microscopic examination of hematuria, a cardinal symptom of glomerulonephritis (GN), is time-consuming and labor-intensive. As an alternative, the fully automated urine particle analyzer UF-5000 can interpret the morphological information of the glomerular red blood cells (RBCs) using parameters such as UF-5000 small RBCs (UF-%sRBCs) and Lysed-RBCs. Methods Hematuria samples from 203 patients were analyzed using the UF-5000 and blood and urine chemistries to determine the cut-off values of RBC parameters for GN and non-glomerulonephritis (NGN) classification and confirm their sensitivity to the IgA nephropathy and non-IgA nephropathy groups. Results The UF-%sRBCs and Lysed-RBCs values differed significantly between the GN and NGN groups. The cut-off value of UF-%sRBCs was >56.8% (area under the curve, 0.649; sensitivity, 94.1%; specificity, 38.1%; positive predictive value, 68.3%; and negative predictive value, 82.1%), while that for Lysed-RBC was >4.6/μL (area under the curve, 0.708; sensitivity, 82.4%; specificity, 56.0%; positive predictive value, 72.6%; and negative predictive value, 69.1%). Moreover, there was no significant difference in the sensitivity between the IgA nephropathy and non-IgA nephropathy groups (87.1 and 89.8% for UF-%sRBCs and 83.9 and 78.4% for Lysed-RBCs, respectively). In the NGN group, the cut-off values showed low sensitivity (56.0% for UF-%sRBCs and 44.0% for Lysed-RBCs). Conclusions The RBC parameters of the UF-5000, specifically UF-%sRBCs and Lysed-RBCs, showed good cut-off values for the diagnosis of GN.

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