scholarly journals “Prevalence of orthorexia nervosa in a sample of patients attending Sligo/Leitrim mental health services with a diagnosis of eating disorder”

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (S1) ◽  
pp. S252-S252
Author(s):  
Ignazio Graffeo ◽  
Mary Harron ◽  
Edmond O'Mahony
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Orthorexia Nervosa ◽  
Caucasian Woman ◽  
List Type ◽  
Standard Pattern ◽  
Italian Studies ◽  
Psychiatric Illnesses

AimsThe main aim of this study is to investigate its presence in a sample of patients already diagnosed with a canonical eating disorder and also to understand eventual overlaps with other clinical disorders in order to optimize treatment and follow-up. The ORTO-15 questionnaire, developed by an Italian team of researchers in 2005, was used to achieve the above aims: it is a tool comprehensive of 15 questions that assesses eating habits perceived as healthy. Really interesting and fascinating is to comprehend if people with a diagnosis of eating disorder present orthorectic behaviour and how this emerging reality fits in the Irish society with its peculiarities and uniqueness.MethodEvery patient was asked to complete a demographic grid (elaborated by the researchers, which includes information regarding: age, gender, race, weight, height, hours of weekly exercise, years of education, employment situation, medical illnesses, smoking habits, type of diet, average weekly alcohol intake) and the Orto-15 questionnaireResultThe Point Prevalence obtained is 17.9%.ConclusionThe results obtained from this study give a clear indication of the profile of the orthorexic patient, considered that the sample was obtained from a population of people with a diagnosis of Eating Disorder: Caucasian woman in her 30sExercising 5 hours per weekSecondary educationUnemployedNon-smokerDiagnosis of Anorexia NervosaNo other comorbid psychiatric illnessesStandard pattern of eatingMinimal or absent alcohol consumptionNormal range BMIAccording to previous Italian studies (Ramacciotti et al. 2011), the expected rates of Orthorexia Nervosa in the general population are between 6.9% and 57.6%, with a peak of 81.8% in specific populations, fact that places our examined sample in the lower side of the prevalence previously considered. It is very difficult to comprehend and explain the reasons behind this fact and probably this is due to an overshadowing of symptoms with the major eating disorders. It is also significant the absence of correlation found between OCD and ON and also the fact that ON is more linked to Bulimia Nervosa in our sample rather then Anorexia Nervosa.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Orthorexia Nervosa in a Sample of Patients Attending Sligo/Leitrim Mental Health Services with a Diagnosis of Eating Disorder

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignazio Graffeo ◽  
Mary Harron ◽  
Edmond O'Mahony
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Orthorexia Nervosa ◽  
Irish Society ◽  
Loss Of Self ◽  
Clinical Disorders

Abstract Background: The term Orthorexia derives from the Greek “ortho – correct” and “orexis – appetite”; Orthorexia Nervosa is a pathological fixation with healthy eating that, starting with the idea to obtain a maximum health with a proper diet, leads to malnourishment and other medical sequelae, loss of relationships, loss of self-esteem, poor quality of life in general. Orthorexia, despite receiving broad empirical evidence, is not currently included in any psychiatric diagnostic manual. The main aim of this study is to investigate its presence in a sample of patients already diagnosed with a canonical eating disorder and also to understand eventual overlaps with other clinical disorders in order to optimize treatment and follow up. The ORTO-15 questionnaire, developed by an Italian team of researchers in 2005, was used to achieve the above aims: it is a tool comprehensive of 15 questions that assesses eating habits perceived as healthy. Really interesting and fascinating is to comprehend if people with a diagnosis of eating disorder present orthorectic behaviour and how this emerging reality fits in the Irish society with its peculiarities and uniqueness. Results: The Point Prevalence obtained is 17.9%. The expected rates of Orthorexia Nervosa in the general population are between 6.9% and 57.6%, with a peak of 81.8% in specific populations, fact that places our examined sample in the lower side of the prevalence previously considered in other studies.Conclusions: It is very difficult to comprehend and explain the reasons behind this fact and probably this is due to an overshadowing of symptoms with the major eating disorders. It is also significant the absence of correlation found between OCD and ON and also the fact that ON is more linked to Bulimia Nervosa in our sample rather than Anorexia Nervosa. The results obtained from this study give also a clear indication of the profile of the orthorexic patient, considered that the sample was obtained from a population of people with a diagnosis of Eating Disorder:

Mixture Modeling to Characterize Anorexia Nervosa: Integrating Personality and Eating Disorder Psychopathology

2019 ◽  
pp. 107839031986202
Author(s):  
Karen M. Jennings ◽  
Lindsay P. Bodell ◽  
Ross D. Crosby ◽  
Ann F. Haynos ◽  
Jennifer E. Wildes
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Mixture Modeling ◽  
Eating Disorder Psychopathology ◽  
Personality Psychopathology ◽  
Latent Dimension ◽  
Eating Disorder Behaviors

BACKGROUND: Efforts to examine alternative classifications (e.g., personality) of anorexia nervosa (AN) using empirical techniques are crucial to elucidate diverse symptom presentations, personality traits, and psychiatric comorbidities. AIM: The purpose of this study was to use an empirical approach (mixture modeling) to test an alternative classification of AN as categorical, dimensional, or hybrid categorical–dimensional construct based on the co-occurrence of personality psychopathology and eating disorder clinical presentation. METHOD: Patients with AN ( N = 194) completed interviews and questionnaires at treatment admission and 3-month follow-up. Mixture modeling was used to test whether indicators best classified AN as categorical, dimensional, or hybrid. RESULTS: A four-latent class, one-latent dimension mixture model that was variant across groups provided the best fit to the data. Results suggest that all classes were characterized by low self-esteem and self-harming and suicidality tendencies. Individuals assigned to Latent Class 2 (LC2; n = 21) had a greater tendency toward being impulsive and easily angered and having difficulties controlling anger compared with those in LC1 ( n = 84) and LC3 ( n = 66). Moreover, individuals assigned to LC1 and LC3 were more likely to have a poor outcome from intensive treatment compared with those in LC4 ( n = 21). Findings indicate that the dimensional aspect within each class measured frequency of specific eating disorder behaviors but did not predict treatment outcomes. CONCLUSION: These results emphasize the complexity of AN and the importance of considering how facets of clinical presentation beyond eating disorder behaviors may have different treatment and prognostic implications.

scholarly journals Randomised controlled feasibility trial of real versus sham repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment in adults with severe and enduring anorexia nervosa: the TIARA study

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. e021531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bethan Dalton ◽  
Savani Bartholdy ◽  
Jessica McClelland ◽  
Maria Kekic ◽  
Samantha J Rennalls ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Eating Disorder Symptoms ◽  
Randomised Controlled

ObjectiveTreatment options for severe, enduring anorexia nervosa (SE-AN) are limited. Non-invasive neuromodulation is a promising emerging intervention. Our study is a feasibility randomised controlled trial of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in individuals with SE-AN, which aims to inform the design of a future large-scale trial.DesignDouble-blind, parallel group, two-arm, sham-controlled trial.SettingSpecialist eating disorders centre.ParticipantsCommunity-dwelling people with anorexia nervosa, an illness duration of ≥3 years and at least one previous completed treatment.InterventionsParticipants received 20 sessions (administered over 4 weeks) of MRI-guided real or sham high-frequency rTMS to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in addition to treatment-as-usual.OutcomesPrimary outcomes were recruitment, attendance and retention rates. Secondary outcomes included body mass index (BMI), eating disorder symptoms, mood, quality of life and rTMS safety and tolerability. Assessments were conducted at baseline, post-treatment and follow-up (ie, at 0 month, 1 month and 4 months post-randomisation).ResultsThirty-four participants (17 per group) were randomly allocated to real or sham rTMS. One participant per group was withdrawn prior to the intervention due to safety concerns. Two participants (both receiving sham) did not complete the treatment. rTMS was safe and well tolerated. Between-group effect sizes of change scores (baseline to follow-up) were small for BMI (d=0.2, 95% CI −0.49 to 0.90) and eating disorder symptoms (d=0.1, 95% CI −0.60 to 0.79), medium for quality of life and moderate to large (d=0.61 to 1.0) for mood outcomes, all favouring rTMS over sham.ConclusionsThe treatment protocol is feasible and acceptable to participants. Outcomes provide preliminary evidence for the therapeutic potential of rTMS in SE-AN. Largest effects were observed on variables assessing mood. This study supports the need for a larger confirmatory trial to evaluate the effectiveness of multi-session rTMS in SE-AN. Future studies should include a longer follow-up period and an assessment of cost-effectiveness.Trial registration numberISRCTN14329415; Pre-results.

scholarly journals Orthorexia Nervosa: When Healthy Eating Becomes Unhealthy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audryn Andreoli ◽  
Patrick J. Aragon ◽  
Demara B. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Asian American ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Orthorexia Nervosa ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Eating Disorder Treatment ◽  
Disorder Treatment

Abstract Purpose Orthorexia Nervosa (ON) is a recently proposed eating disorder that has gained growing acknowledgment. However, there exists a significant gap in the literature regarding ON. Additionally, the lack of formal criteria for the diagnosis of ON has led to a debate regarding whether it is a standalone diagnosis or part of another condition, including other eating disorders. This debate is further fueled by shared characteristics and consequences between ON and other disorders, namely Anorexia Nervosa (AN) and Bulimia Nervosa (BN). Moreover, ON has been recognized as highly prevalent in individuals’ post-treatment for AN and BN. Thus, this study aimed to determine whether eating disorder history predicts greater severity of ON symptomology. Additionally, we aimed to determine whether sex, racial, and age group differences exist in severity of ON symptomology.Method The Eating Habits Questionnaire (EHQ) was administered to 535 individuals along with questions regarding previous eating disorder history and demographic variables. Results Analysis confirmed that individuals previously diagnosed with an eating disorder and those who previously received eating disorder treatment demonstrated higher ON symptomology severity. Minimal-to-no group differences among sex, race, and age in EHQ scores, except for Caucasian/White individuals scoring higher than Asian/Asian American individuals, were revealed.Conclusion ON is highly prevalent among individuals previously diagnosed with an eating disorder and those who previously received eating disorder related treatment. Little to no age, sex, and racial differences were demonstrated in ON symptomology. Level III: Evidence obtained from well-designed cohort or case-control analytic studies

scholarly journals GANGGUAN MAKAN ANOREXIA NERVOSA DAN BULIMIA NERVOSA PADA REMA

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Hetty Krisnani ◽  
Meilanny Budiarti Santoso ◽  
Destin Putri
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Disordered Eating ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
The Ideal

ABSTRAKMasa remaja merupakan masa perubahan dramatis dalam diri seseorang. Salah satu perubahan yang terjadi adalah perubahan komposisi tubuh, terutama akumulasi lemak tubuh pada remaja puteri. Dengan adanya akumulasi lemak tubuh tersebut, ada anggapan bahwa mereka tidak memiliki tubuh semenarik yang diinginkan. Hal ini akan mendorong remaja puteri mencari jalan keluar agar memiliki tampilan fisik yang ideal, salah satunya adalah dengan melakukan perubahan kebiasaan makan yang umumnya menyimpang. Kebiasaan makan yang tidak benar itu dapat mengakibatkan terjadinya gangguan makan atau eating disorder yang dapat berdampak buruk bagi remaja. Eating disorders (ED) merupakan gangguan mental yang meskipun berhubungan dengan pola makan dan berat badan, gangguan tersebut bukanlah mengenai makanan, tetapi mengenai perasaan dan ekspresi diri. Pada umumnya, penderita ED adalah mereka yang memiliki kepercayaan diri rendah. Terdapat dua macam ED, yaitu anorexia nervosa dan bulimia nervosa. Kedua gangguan tersebut mempunyai tujuan yang sama, yaitu menguruskan badan. ABSTRACTAdolescence is a time of dramatic change in a person. One of the changes that occur are changes in body composition, especially the accumulation of body fat in girls. Given the accumulation of body fat, there is the assumption that they do not have a body as attractive as desired. This will encourage the girls find a way out in order to have the ideal physical appearance, one is to change eating habits are generally distorted. Improper eating habits can result in eating disorders or disordered eating can be bad for teens. Eating disorders (ED) is a mental disorder even though associated with diet and weight, the disorder is not about food, but about feelings and self-expression. In general, patients with ED are those who have low confidence. There are two kinds of ED, namely anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Both of these disorders have the same goal, which is to lose weight.

Orthorexia Nervosa and the Use of Exposure and Response Prevention to Treat Eating-Related Obsessions and Compulsions

2021 ◽  
pp. 103-124
Author(s):  
Hana F. Zickgraf
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Orthorexia Nervosa ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Restrictive Eating ◽  
Compulsive Checking ◽  
Clinically Significant

Orthorexia nervosa (ON) is a proposed diagnosis involving rigid, intrusive thoughts and unusual beliefs about healthy eating, associated with restrictive eating behaviors. People with ON may avoid specific foods, food additives, dyes, or preservatives, and non-organic or genetically modified foods seen as “impure” or “unnatural,” often engaging in compulsive checking, reassurance seeking, decontamination, or other rituals to ensure that food “rules” are followed and that food is “healthy” and “pure.” ON is distinguished from healthy orthorexia, a non-impairing interest in healthy eating and nutrition. The distinction between ON and eating disorders involving obsessions about weight and shape and restrictive eating motivated by fear of weight gain is less clear. In this chapter, ON and related eating disorder symptoms associated with the diagnoses of anorexia nervosa, atypical anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder are conceptualized as obsessive-compulsive phenomena. Special considerations for exposure and response interventions for patients with clinically significant restrictive eating are described, including recommendations for when to refer patients to eating disorder specialists.

Twelve-year course and outcome of bulimia nervosa

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 1395-1406 ◽  
Author(s):  
MANFRED M. FICHTER ◽  
NORBERT QUADFLIEG
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
End Of Treatment ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Background. Since little is known about the long-term course and outcome of bulimia nervosa, the authors designed a 12-year prospective longitudinal study with five cross-sectional assessments based on a large sample of consecutively treated females with bulimia nervosa (purging type) (BN-P).Method. One hundred and ninety-six females with BN-P were assessed (1) at the beginning of treatment, (2) at the end of treatment, (3) at 2-year follow-up, (4) at 6-year follow-up, and (5) at 12-year follow-up. In self-ratings as well as expert ratings based on interviews we assessed specific eating-disorder and general psychopathology.Results. The general pattern of results over time showed substantial improvement during treatment, slight (in most cases non-significant) decline during the first two years after the end of treatment, and further improvement and stabilization until 12-year follow-up. At that point the majority of patients (70·1%) showed no major DSM-IV eating disorder, 13·2% had eating disorders not otherwise specified, 10·1% had BN-P and 2% had died. Very few had undergone transition to anorexia nervosa or binge-eating disorders. Logistic regression analyses showed that psychiatric co-morbidity was the best and most stable predictor for eating-disorder outcome at 2, 6 and 12 years.Conclusions. Course and outcome of BN-P was generally more favourable than for anorexia nervosa.

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