scholarly journals Positive psychology interventions in in-patients with depression: influences of comorbidity and subjective evaluation of the training programme

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antje Stemmler ◽  
Regina Staehle ◽  
Tina Heinemann ◽  
Matthias Bender ◽  
Juergen Hennig
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Positive Psychology ◽  
Beck Depression Inventory ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Treatment As Usual ◽  
Positive Psychology Interventions

Background Studies on positive psychology interventions (PPIs) have frequently demonstrated benefits for healthy participants and patients. However, effect sizes are moderate, and underlying inter-individual differences in responses were rarely investigated. Aims We investigated whether severity of depression and subjective evaluation of PPIs are relevant sources of variance in this respect. Method A 4-week group PPI programme (one 45-min session per week) was offered to 38 in-patients with depression. The control group (n = 38) was carefully matched and received treatment as usual. In the PPI group, emotional states were recorded before and after each session (responsiveness). Beck Depression Inventory-II scores at hospital admission and discharge were used to evaluate clinical effectiveness. The number of comorbidities (as an indicator of severity of disease) and patients’ evaluations of the PPI sessions were used as additional independent factors for overall treatment outcome. Results The PPI induced a highly significant improvement in positive emotional state and decrease in negative emotional state, indicating responsiveness. Moreover, positive affectivity increased from week to week only in patients with a low number of comorbidities (indicating effectiveness). With respect to overall treatment outcome (Beck Depression Inventory-II scores), positive attitude toward the PPI resulted in the largest improvement. Conclusions The results partly explain the variance in the effectiveness of PPIs. Moreover, they support the idea of personalised psychotherapy, and may inform discussion on whether patients with depression should be included in PPIs. However, additional individual characteristics should increase knowledge about individual predictors for effectiveness.

Effect of Emotions in a Lexical Decision Task

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hélène Maire ◽  
Renaud Brochard ◽  
Jean-Luc Kop ◽  
Vivien Dioux ◽  
Daniel Zagar
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Lexical Decision Task ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Attentional Orienting ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Sequence Effect ◽  
Emotion Induction ◽  
Before And After

Abstract. This study measured the effect of emotional states on lexical decision task performance and investigated which underlying components (physiological, attentional orienting, executive, lexical, and/or strategic) are affected. We did this by assessing participants’ performance on a lexical decision task, which they completed before and after an emotional state induction task. The sequence effect, usually produced when participants repeat a task, was significantly smaller in participants who had received one of the three emotion inductions (happiness, sadness, embarrassment) than in control group participants (neutral induction). Using the diffusion model ( Ratcliff, 1978 ) to resolve the data into meaningful parameters that correspond to specific psychological components, we found that emotion induction only modulated the parameter reflecting the physiological and/or attentional orienting components, whereas the executive, lexical, and strategic components were not altered. These results suggest that emotional states have an impact on the low-level mechanisms underlying mental chronometric tasks.

scholarly journals CHANGES OF PSYCHO-EMOTIONAL STATE IN THE INFERTILE PREGNANT FEMALES DUE TO THE ANAMNESIS AND IVF

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 562-567
Author(s):  
Volodymyr K. Likhachov ◽  
Yanina V. Shymanska ◽  
Yulia S. Savelieva ◽  
Viktoriya L. Vashchenko ◽  
Ludmyla М. Dobrovolska
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Art Therapy ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Healthy Woman ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Psychological Component ◽  
Group I ◽  
High Level

Introduction: During pregnancy in the body of a healthy woman there are physiological and psychological changes that contribute to the bearing a child and prepare the female for future labour and motherhood. In women who experience failure at the stage of fertilization or during pregnancy, as a result of prolonged negative emotional states, psycho-emotional stress develops. The aim of the research was to study the psycho-emotional state of women with infertility in history, whose pregnancy resulted from extracorporal fertilization (IVF), and to develop methods for reducing their anxiety. Materials and methods: At the first stage, the initial psycho-emotional state of 60 women in the second trimester, whose pregnancy resulted from IVF (Group I), was studied; the control group consisted of 20 healthy women with a physiological course of pregnancy (Group II). At the second stage, 10 art therapy exercises with a requestioning of pregnant women from Group I were conducted for improving their psycho-emotional state. Results: Women of Group I had a high level of both situational anxiety (SA) and the personal one (PA). The prevalent type of the psychological component of gestational dominant was anxiety and euphoric types (58.3%). In one third of women with burdened gynecological history examined mild or masked depression was diagnosed. 43 pregnant women from Group I used a method of psychocorrection – art therapy, which included colouring “antistress” pictures of perinatal topic, making flowers from paper and creating a collage of dreams. Conclusions: After the art therapy course, a high level of SA (from 46.5% to 7.0%) and OA (from 48.8% to 32.6%) decreased, the index of the optimal type of the psychological component of gestational dominant increased from 25.6% to 53.5%. The number of women without depression increased from 62.8% to 93%.

scholarly journals Characteristics of the psycho-emotional state of future police officers during sambo wrestling classes

2020 ◽  
pp. 132-135
Author(s):  
Sergii Rusanivskii ◽  
Oleksii Fedchenko ◽  
Oleksandr Kruk ◽  
Sergii Oleksiichuk ◽  
Ruslan Lysyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Attention Focus ◽  
Situational Anxiety ◽  
Current Program ◽  
Long Time

The specifics of police activities have a number of features that lead to negative emotional states, disorders of mental processes and necessitates the development of future police cadets professionally important psychological qualities. The article is devoted to the study of indicators of psychological qualities and emotional state of cadets of higher education institutions with specific training conditions – future police officers who were engaged in sambo wrestling during studying. The study was conducted at the National Academy of Internal Affairs in 2017-2020. The study involved cadets (male) of the 1st-4th years of study (18-22 years old, n=152). Two groups were formed: experimental group (EG) – cadets who during studying were engaged in the sambo wrestling section of the academy (n=32); control group (CG) – cadets who studied according to the current program of the physical training and did not attend additionally the sports sections of the academy (n=120). The professionally important psychological qualities of cadets-future police officers include: the ability to simultaneously perceive several objects (volume of attention), perform several actions (distribution of attention), focus on one object (concentration of attention), the ability to maintain the required intensity of attention for a long time (stability of attention). Research methods: analysis and generalization of literature sources, pedagogical testing, pedagogical observation, pedagogical experiment, methods of mathematical statistics. The positive influence of sambo wrestling classes on the level of psychological qualities and emotional state of cadets was revealed. Indicators of situational anxiety and emotional states of EG cadets in the 4th year of study were significantly better than those of CG cadets, which will provide cadets with high performance, and in the future – the effective implementation of professional tasks.

Promoting Students’ Positive Emotions, Character, and Purpose

2020 ◽  
pp. 282-312
Author(s):  
Shannon M. Suldo ◽  
Jenni Menon Mariano ◽  
Hannah Gilfix
Keyword(s):  
Positive Psychology ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Character Strengths ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Positive Psychology Interventions ◽  
School Based ◽  
Measurement Tools ◽  
Via Classification

Grounded in positive psychology, this chapter focuses on constructs that increase well-being and may result in a flourishing emotional state. Within the PERMA framework, flourishing is reflected in positive emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment. Specifically, this chapter takes an in-depth look into the constructs of positive emotions, character, and purpose. Information on measurement tools, correlates, and possible interventions for each of the three constructs is provided. An emphasis is also placed on promising positive psychology interventions, many of which utilize strategies involving character strengths as defined in accordance with the Values in Action (VIA) Classification of Character Strengths and Virtues. The chapter concludes with information on how a reader can implement various positive psychology activities, as well as different school based-programs that incorporate purpose and positive psychology interventions.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders in children with headaches

2007 ◽  
Vol 65 (2A) ◽  
pp. 251-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Mara de Paiva Bertoli ◽  
Sérgio A. Antoniuk ◽  
Isac Bruck ◽  
Guilherme R.P. Xavier ◽  
Danielle C.B. Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporomandibular Disorders ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Mouth Opening ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dental Examination ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the presence of signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in children with headaches in a neuropediatric ambulatory. METHOD: Fifty patients between 4 and 18 years of age were examined: 31 had headaches (24 migraine, 4 tension type and 3 unspecific headache) and 19 formed the control group. The data collection was comprised of a structured questionnaire answered by the children's parents, and a subjective evaluation about the children’s emotional state. A specific questionnaire for TMD was applied, followed by a clinical dental examination of the children. As signs of TMD, mouth opening limitation, mandibular trajectory deviation in opening mouth, and joint noise were considered. As symptoms, pain on palpation of masseter and temporal muscles and on the poromandibular joint. RESULTS: A significant increase in signs and symptoms of TMD was found in patients with headaches when compared to the control group. There was also a significant difference in signs and symptoms of TMD according to age (increased with age) and emotional state (tense> calm). CONCLUSION: There is a higher frequency of TMD in pediatric patients with headaches; thus, it is important to look for TMD signs and symptoms in this population.

Student engagement: The impact of positive psychology interventions on students

2020 ◽  
pp. 146978742095058
Author(s):  
Jackie Hammill ◽  
Thinh Nguyen ◽  
Fiona Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Student Engagement ◽  
Positive Psychology ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychology Students ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Positive Psychology Interventions ◽  
Primary And Secondary Education ◽  
The Impact

Positive psychology interventions are widely used in primary and secondary education to enhance student engagement and well-being. When used in the higher education sector, interventions tend to be used in psychology, psychotherapy and mindfulness programmes with successful outcomes in terms of student engagement, learning and well-being. However, there is little evidence to support the effectiveness of such interventions in disciplines outside of psychology. This triangulated action research study utilised student self-reported feedback to explore the link between positive psychology interventions and student engagement in a non-psychology related classroom. The study involved two intervention and one control group. In contrast to results obtained from psychology students, findings in this study showed a lack of student engagement in both intervention groups and a significant increase in student engagement in the control group compared to one of the intervention groups. The findings suggest that further consideration needs to be given to identify positive psychology interventions that might achieve a better fit with non-psychology students.

scholarly journals STUDY OF THE FEATURES OF THE EMOTIONAL STATE OF ELDERLY WOMEN WITH ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 89-97
Author(s):  
Bogdana Oniskovets ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Psychological State ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
Experimental Group

The article highlights the results of an empirical study of the psychological components of the emotional state of elderly women with coronary heart disease (CHD), which covered 135 respondents aged 65 to 75 years with coronary heart disease. The aim of the study was to study the psychological components of emotional states of elderly women that can affect the manifestations and course of coronary heart disease, in particular, alexithymia, anxiety, depression, asthenia. It was found that the components of psycho-emotional states of patients with coronary heart disease consist of a set of psychophysiological factors, including: the specifics of emotionally negative states such as anxiety, depression, asthenia, hostility, etc., and the features of the somatic state, themselves manifestations of coronary heart disease and their concomitant changes in the psycho-emotional sphere, in particular the specifics of the traumatic situation for the patient and her personal characteristics. An empirical study found that elderly women with coronary heart disease are characterized by high levels of anxiety, depression, asthenia, mental stress, irritability, suspicion, resentment, neuroticism, secrecy, emotional lability. It is empirically proven that depending on the gender of an individual with coronary heart disease, the psychological components of emotional states differ significantly. It has been studied that women with coronary heart disease have a high level of lability and unstable emotional state. It is established that the emotional state changes rapidly depending on the factors of external and internal stimuli. A labile emotional state is a sign of danger in a person's psychological state, so it can be critical for women with coronary heart disease. Due to the qualitative processing of the obtained results, we found that in the three formed samples - CG, ECG and ECG, the results of the study differed significantly. In the experimental group of men there are no such psycho-emotional phenomena as negativism, irritation, suspicion, resentment and guilt; neuroticism. The results of the control group revealed a high percentage of women at risk. In the experimental group of women, which is the main goal of our study, the outlined phenomena had the highest rate. A number of emotions that contribute to coronary heart disease were identified: dissatisfaction with work, education, life in general; experiencing creative failures, defeats in ambitious desires; insult; frustration caused by the sharp destruction of the usual stereotype of life; constant feeling of inner tension; lack of satisfaction in achieving success; fear; chronic anxiety. From this list of feelings it is clear that they all belong to the register of negative feelings, those that create emotional discomfort. All these feelings are antipodes of feelings that are traditionally considered attributes of a healthy heart, such as: love, courage, courage, joy. The above conditions are special for people with coronary heart disease and have significant differences between male and female groups, and therefore they can be considered as psychophysiological features of elderly women with coronary heart disease. Prospects for further research may be the feasibility of creating a comprehensive program of psychocorrection of emotional states of elderly women with coronary heart disease.

Mechanisms of adaptation of the pregnant women with miscarriage in the dynamics of the saving therapy

2016 ◽  
pp. 77-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.O. Potapov ◽  
◽  
A.V. Zharkih ◽  
V.G. Susjuka ◽  
V.O. Plotnik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Pregnancy Loss ◽  
Recurrent Pregnancy Loss ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Autonomic Balance ◽  
Hormonal Profile ◽  
Abortion Clinic ◽  
The Impact

The aim of the study: to evaluate the impact of the saving therapy in the implementation of adaptive mechanisms in pregnant women with recurrent pregnancy loss based on the study of the psycho-emotional state, autonomic balance and hormonal profile. Materials and methods. There were surveyed 67 pregnant women at the gestational age of 7-14 weeks with singleton pregnancy. The main group consisted of 35 women with threatening abortion clinic who were treated in the gynecological Department of the hospital № 9 Zaporozhye city and received natural micronized PG Utrozhestan® (Besins Healthcare) vaginally 200 mg twice a day. The control group consisted of 32 women without clinical manifestations of threatened abortion. The inclusion criteria were complaints of pain in lower abdomen and poor or moderate bleeding from the genital tract on the background of intrauterine pregnancy. Exclusion criteria were: hyperandrogenism, polycystic ovarian syndrome, menstrual irregularities, anomalies development of genital organs, habitual miscarriage, presence of fetal malformations and pregnancy with a copious bloody discharge. Results. Found that in pregnant women with threatening abortion clinic there is an increase of reactive anxiety, which is caused by an emotional reaction to a stressful situation and evidence of psycho-emotional maladjustment. Given that more than half of pregnant women with the clinic of miscarriage have a high level of personal anxiety, which is stable individual characteristics and reflects the predisposition of a subject to anxiety, this fact should be considered as a risk factor for this disease. Violations of the hormonal balance in pregnant women with recurrent pregnancy loss, characterized by increasing levels of cortisol and cortisone-insulin index, which is a stress response in this population of pregnant women. Similar changes are characteristic for the system mother-placenta-fetus that are caused by the decreased levels of estriol. Conclusion. Saving therapy using vaginal micronized progesterone (Utrozhestan®), including in the group of pregnant women with a poor prognosis (the presence of retrohorial hematoma), has a positive impact on the normalization of psycho-emotional state, autonomic balance, hormonal profile, and is also characterized by a lack of androgenic activity, which gives grounds to recommend cough medicine® for inclusion in the scheme of treatment of miscarriage. Key words: surrogacy pregnancy, autonomic regulation, level of anxiety, the hormonal profile, stress, adaptation, treatment, Utrozhestan®.

scholarly journals Judgement bias in goats (Capra hircus): investigating the effects of human grooming

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Baciadonna ◽  
Christian Nawroth ◽  
Alan G. McElligott
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Affective State ◽  
Direct Interaction ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Capra Hircus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Bias Effect ◽  
Judgement Bias

Animal emotional states can be investigated by evaluating their impact on cognitive processes. In this study, we used a judgement bias paradigm to determine if short-term positive human-animal interaction (grooming) induced a positive affective state in goats. We tested two groups of goats and trained them to discriminate between a rewarded and a non-rewarded location over nine training days. During training, the experimental group (n= 9) was gently groomed by brushing their heads and backs for five min over 11 days (nine training days, plus two testing days, total time 55 min). During training, the control group (n= 10) did not experience any direct interaction with the experimenter, but was kept unconstrained next to him for the same period of time. After successful completion of the training, the responses (latency time) of the two groups to reach ambiguous locations situated between the two reference locations (i.e., rewarded/non-rewarded) were compared over two days of testing. There was not a positive bias effect after the animals had been groomed. In a second experiment, 10 goats were tested to investigate whether grooming induced changes in physiological activation (i.e., heart rate and heart rate variability). Heart rate increased when goats were groomed compared to the baseline condition, when the same goats did not receive any contact with the experimenter. Also, subjects did not move away from the experimenter, suggesting that the grooming was positively accepted. The very good care and the regular positive contacts that goats received from humans at the study site could potentially account for the results obtained. Good husbandry outcomes are influenced by animals’ perception of the events and this is based on current circumstances, past experiences and individual variables. Taking into account animals’ individual characteristics and identifying effective strategies to induce positive emotions could increase the understanding and reliability of using cognitive biases paradigms to investigate and promote animal welfare.

A Pilot Study on the Efficacy of Volunteer Mentorship for Young Adults With Self-Harm Behaviors Using a Quasi-Experimental Design

Crisis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 415-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yik-Wa Law ◽  
Paul S. F. Yip ◽  
Carmen C. S. Lai ◽  
Chi Leung Kwok ◽  
Paul W. C. Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment As Usual ◽  
Prevention Services ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Volunteer Support

Abstract. Background: Studies have shown that postdischarge care for self-harm patients is effective in reducing repeated suicidal behaviors. Little is known about whether volunteer support can help reduce self-harm repetition and improve psychosocial well-being. Aim: This study investigated the efficacy of volunteer support in preventing repetition of self-harm. Method: This study used a quasi-experimental design by assigning self-harm patients admitted to the emergency departments to an intervention group with volunteer support and treatment as usual (TAU) for 9 months and to a control group of TAU. Outcome measures include repetition of self-harm, suicidal ideation, hopelessness, and level of depressive and anxiety symptoms. Results: A total of 74 cases were recruited (38 participants; 36 controls). There were no significant differences in age, gender, and clinical condition between the two groups at the baseline. The intervention group showed significant improvements in hopelessness and depressive symptoms. However, the number of cases of suicide ideation and of repetition of self-harm episodes was similar for both groups at the postintervention period. Conclusion: Postdischarge care provided by volunteers showed significant improvement in hopelessness and depression. Volunteers have been commonly involved in suicide prevention services. Further research using rigorous methods is recommended for improving service quality in the long term.

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