scholarly journals Autistic and peudo-autistic traits in ongoing complex trauma

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (S1) ◽  
pp. S241-S241
Author(s):  
Jennifer Bryden
Keyword(s):  
Complex Trauma ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Autistic Traits ◽  
Severe Trauma ◽  
Good Friend ◽  
Clinical Tool ◽  
Social Rules ◽  
Safe Place ◽  
Attachment Difficulties

AimsTo compare the neurodevelopmental profiles of Albanian street children to those predicted by the Coventry grid.BackgroundA street children's centre had requested help to meet children's emotional needs. No program exists for children experiencing ongoing complex trauma. With input from widely-experienced consultant psychiatrist and consultant psychologist, a very low-intensity program of coping skills was piloted. Extensive anonymised notes were taken as part of the piloting.The Coventry grid is a clinical tool comparing patterns of difficulties typically seen in autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) versus attachment difficulties. It's based on clinical experience and invites ongoing feedback.Method12 Children aged 5–12 years completed the two-week program. The notes were examined for their relevance to areas of the Coventry Grid.ResultThe children showed both traits typical of ASD and of attachment problems. Identifying emotions was impossible for the youngest group (5–7 years); while the older groups could say whether someone was likely to feel “good” or “bad” but struggled to differentiate further.Fantasy and symbolic play were hard for the younger children. If asked to imagine a situation, they replied “but that's not happening”. One child constantly hugged a stuffed doll, but couldn't use it for play. Both younger groups found it hard to imagine a safe-place, though they could say what they wanted in it (chocolate and a working lightbulb). The oldest group all chose a real place related to the centre.Generalising was difficult for all the children. The older children could say whether a story character was a good friend, but not apply this to real life. The youngest children were told a story about a dangerous stranger. Afterwards, the children said they would still go away with strangers as only the man in the story had said he wanted to harm children.The younger children were diffusely attached, but the boys’ eye contact, gesturing, and language were normal in all age groups. All children formed friendships easily, played in a group and were intensely loyal to siblings. They didn't show restricted interests, distress at changes to routine or sensory difficulties. They showed good awareness of the widely divergent social rules at the centre and at home.ConclusionThe children showed a mix of traits usually associated with attachment difficulties and those usually associated with ASD. They may be different from UK clinic samples as they continued to experience severe trauma.

scholarly journals Video-based smartphone app (‘VIDEA bewegt’) for physical activity support in German adults: a study protocol for a single-armed observational study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. e034027
Author(s):  
Tillmann Fischer ◽  
Paul Stumpf ◽  
Gesine Reinhardt ◽  
Peter E H Schwarz ◽  
Patrick Timpel
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Scientific Journal ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Smartphone Application ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Insufficient Physical Activity ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Registration Number

IntroductionInsufficient physical activity is one of the most important risk factors for non-communicable diseases. Physical activity should therefore be intensively promoted in all age groups. Several trials suggest that it can be effectively increased through smartphone interventions.However, few of the smartphone-interventions available on the market have been scientifically evaluated. Therefore, the described study aims to assess the short-term and long-term effects of the smartphone intervention ‘VIDEA bewegt’ to increase physical activity. The trial is designed as a single-armed observational trial to assess effects under real-life conditions.Methods and analysisThe intervention consists of the smartphone-application ‘VIDEA bewegt’, which is a video-based preventative programme to improve physical activity in everyday life. The application contains several features and components including educational videos, documentation of activity and motivational exercises. A sample size of at least 106 participants is aimed for.The primary objective of this study is to determine the effect of the application on physical activity in German adults. Secondary objectives are to evaluate the self-efficacy, health-related quality of life and usability of ‘VIDEA bewegt’.Data collection is based on online questionnaires, as well as system-internal recorded data.Changes of outcomes from baseline to programme completion and follow-up will be calculated.Ethics and disseminationThe Ethics Committee of the Technical University Dresden approved the study on 25 May 2019 (EK 272062019). All data are processed anonymously and stored on servers only accessible by authorised personnel. The results of the study and the results of the usability test are aimed to be published in a scientific journal.Trial registration numberGerman Clinical Trials Registry (DRKS00017392).

scholarly journals Imagery Ability and Imagery Perspective Preference: A Study of Their Relationship and Age- and Gender-Related Changes

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Karen P. Y. Liu ◽  
Monica Lai ◽  
Shirley S. M. Fong ◽  
Michelle Bissett
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Clinical Intervention ◽  
Preference Test ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Imagery Ability ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Temporal Congruence ◽  
Imagery Perspective ◽  
And Gender

This study examined if imagery ability (i.e., vividness and temporal congruence between imagined and executed knee extensions) and imagery perspective preference were affected by ageing and gender. Ninety-four participants, 31 young, 43 intermediate, and 20 older adults completed the Vividness of Movement Imagery Questionnaire-2 and a knee extension temporal congruence test to reflect on their imagery ability and an imagery perspective preference test. Male participants had a better imagery ability than the female participants (F 4,85=2.84, p=.029, η2=.118). However, significant age-related changes in imagery ability were not found in the three age groups. Change in imagery perspective preference with a trend towards an external imagery perspective was observed with ageing (F 3,89=3.16, p=.028, η2=.096) but not between male and female. The results suggest that imagery ability may be preserved with ageing. As individuals age, their preference for using an imagery perspective shifts from a more internal to a more external perspective. This understanding is important when designing future imagery research and real-life application or clinical intervention.

Primary care management of older people with mental health problems

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Robinson ◽  
Carolyn Chew-Graham
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Older People ◽  
Care Management ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Primary Care Management

This chapter discusses the presentation and primary care management of the commonest mental health problems in older people; these include delirium, delusions, depression and anxiety, and dementia. Primary care is on the front line in dealing with older people who have mental health problems, supporting their families to care for them and managing people with complex co-morbidities in addition to mental health issues. Older people consult their GP almost twice as often as other age groups and up to 40% may have a mental health problem. Cases drawn from the authors’ real-life practice are presented firstly to represent clinical presentations and management within primary care and secondly to demonstrate how primary care links with secondary care and the wider services. The management of patients is discussed largely within reference to UK primary care systems and policy, but the international readership should find parallels within their own healthcare systems.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of potential antiviral treatments in COVID-19 transmission control: a modelling study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng-Nan Lin ◽  
Jia Rui ◽  
Qiu-Ping Chen ◽  
Bin Zhao ◽  
Shan-Shan Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Efficacy ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Cumulative Number ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Transmission Control

Abstract Background Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) causes an immense disease burden. Although public health countermeasures effectively controlled the epidemic in China, non-pharmaceutical interventions can neither be maintained indefinitely nor conveniently implemented globally. Vaccination is mainly used to prevent COVID-19, and most current antiviral treatment evaluations focus on clinical efficacy. Therefore, we conducted population-based simulations to assess antiviral treatment effectiveness among different age groups based on its clinical efficacy. Methods We collected COVID-19 data of Wuhan City from published literature and established a database (from 2 December 2019 to 16 March 2020). We developed an age-specific model to evaluate the effectiveness of antiviral treatment in patients with COVID-19. Efficacy was divided into three types: (1) viral activity reduction, reflected as transmission rate decrease [reduction was set as v (0–0.8) to simulate hypothetical antiviral treatments]; (2) reduction in the duration time from symptom onset to patient recovery/removal, reflected as a 1/γ decrease (reduction was set as 1–3 days to simulate hypothetical or real-life antiviral treatments, and the time of asymptomatic was reduced by the same proportion); (3) fatality rate reduction in severely ill patients (fc) [reduction (z) was set as 0.3 to simulate real-life antiviral treatments]. The population was divided into four age groups (groups 1, 2, 3 and 4), which included those aged ≤ 14; 15–44; 45–64; and ≥ 65 years, respectively. Evaluation indices were based on outbreak duration, cumulative number of cases, total attack rate (TAR), peak date, number of peak cases, and case fatality rate (f). Results Comparing the simulation results of combination and single medication therapy s, all four age groups showed better results with combination medication. When 1/γ = 2 and v = 0.4, age group 2 had the highest TAR reduction rate (98.48%, 56.01–0.85%). When 1/γ = 2, z = 0.3, and v = 0.1, age group 1 had the highest reduction rate of f (83.08%, 0.71–0.12%). Conclusions Antiviral treatments are more effective in COVID-19 transmission control than in mortality reduction. Overall, antiviral treatments were more effective in younger age groups, while older age groups showed higher COVID-19 prevalence and mortality. Therefore, physicians should pay more attention to prevention of viral spread and patients deaths when providing antiviral treatments to patients of older age groups.

Real life spirometry analysis according to age groups

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Rezola Carasusan ◽  
Ana Gomez Larrauri ◽  
Joseba Andia Iturrate ◽  
Elena Garay Llorente ◽  
Borja Ortiz De Urbina Antia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Real Life

Lifespan Differences in Adult Thinking about Hypothetical and Personal Moral Issues: Reflection or Regression?

1987 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael W. Pratt ◽  
Gail Golding ◽  
Patricia Kerig
Keyword(s):  
Moral Judgment ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Moral Dilemma ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Moral Issues ◽  
Role Taking ◽  
Older Subjects

Recent work on aging and moral judgment has investigated the claim that older adults may show a regression in their average stage level of moral judgment, compared with younger groups. A second line of work has suggested that at least some elderly adults may be more reflective in their thinking regarding moral and ethical issues (e.g. Kohlberg, 1973). The present research was designed to investigate these issues with respect to hypothetical and real-life moral judgment. Subjects were 60 adults in three age groups: 18-24 years, 30-45 years, and 60-75 years. Each responded to the Kohlberg Moral Judgment Interview and to the personal moral dilemma task of Gilligan. Measures of stage level and of reported use of perspectivetaking processes, as well as analyses of the content of personal dilemmas, were obtained. Results showed no average stage level differences between the age or sex groups. Hypothetical stage scores were significantly higher than real-life scores overall. There were no age differences in reported role-taking processes on hypothetical dilemmas, though there were sex differences, with men more likely to report adopting a third-party, observer role. Finally, older subjects produced significantly more varied reflections on their personal dilemmas.

scholarly journals Age-dependent immune response to the Biontech/Pfizer BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccination

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Müller ◽  
Marcel Andrée ◽  
Wiebke Moskorz ◽  
Ingo Drexler ◽  
Lara Walotka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Real Life ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Real Life Data ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Protection Against Infection ◽  
Vaccination Campaigns ◽  
Antibody Levels

AbstractBackgroundThe SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has led to the development of various vaccines. Real-life data on immune responses elicited in the most vulnerable group of vaccinees over 80 years old is still underrepresented despite the prioritization of the elderly in vaccination campaigns.MethodsWe conducted a cohort study with two age groups, young vaccinees below the age of 60 and elderly vaccinees over the age of 80, to compare their antibody responses to the first and second dose of the BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccination.ResultsWhile the majority of participants in both groups produced specific IgG antibody titers against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, titers were significantly lower in elderly participants. Although the increment of antibody levels after the second immunization was higher in elderly participants, the absolute mean titer of this group remained lower than the <60 group. After the second vaccination, 31.3 % of the elderly had no detectable neutralizing antibodies in contrast to the younger group, in which only 2.2% had no detectable neutralizing antibodies.ConclusionOur data suggests that lower frequencies of neutralizing antibodies after BNT162b2 vaccination in the elderly population may require earlier revaccination to ensure strong immunity and protection against infection.

scholarly journals (Only) time can tell: Age differences in false memory are magnified at longer delays

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yana Fandakova ◽  
Markus Werkle-Bergner ◽  
Myriam C. Sander
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
False Memory ◽  
Associative Memory ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Real Life ◽  
High Fidelity ◽  
Initial Event ◽  
Memory Representations

Older adults often report memories of past events that are partly or entirely false. To date, age differences in false memory have been examined primarily soon after the initial event. However, in real-life situations we rely on memories acquired across a lifetime. We examined associative memory in younger and older adults after 24 hours and 8 days. Age differences in memory were magnified after eight days due to a disproportionate increase in false memory rates in older adults. In both age groups, the effects of delay were modulated by memory fidelity and whether or not participants had experienced similar events potentially causing interference. Older adults were particularly vulnerable to false memory having experienced similar events, even when the initial memory was of high fidelity. We suggest that the fidelity of memory representations in concert with monitoring processes to resolve interference determine how the passage of time affects false memory.

scholarly journals Work Stress in Banking Sectors in Pakistan

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 2591-2597
Author(s):  
Muhammad Salih Memon ◽  
Dr.Nadeem Bhatti ◽  
Dr.Anwar Ali Shah G.Syed ◽  
Faiz Muhammad Shaikh ◽  
Dr.Munir Ahmadani
Keyword(s):  
Work Stress ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Management Programme ◽  
Contemporary Society ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Stress At Work ◽  
And Coping

Stress has been experienced since ancient times, but it has never been worse than it is here in the early 21st century. Nowadays stress is responsible for more than fifty percent of all illness.  Despite this fact, the phenomenon of stress still hasn’t been that deeply studied.  Contemporary society has to deal with the relatively new concept of workplace stressmore and more often. In order to answer the questions as to Why and What to do the problem of stress should be looked at in depth at individual workplaces.Only after this is done an appropriate and specific stress management programme can be created.  he purpose of this present study is to determine the main reasons for and consequences of stress at work, and to find the most effective ways of preventing it and coping with it. The research also analyzes the overall current situation of stress at work and takes a look at some historical facts related to the origins of stress.   People from different age groups, working spheres and cultures were invited for the interview during the year 2009, in order to get more information and practical examples from real life situations.  Since there wasn’t really any specific research found on this topic, my study will be potentially quite useful to companies, especially in the success of their overall development.

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