scholarly journals Rates of cervical screening amongst females admitted to the psychiatric inpatient hospital in Jersey, Channel Islands

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (S1) ◽  
pp. S228-S229
Author(s):  
Jade Wright
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Psychiatric Inpatient ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Cervical Smear ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Inpatient Hospital ◽  
History Of ◽  
Screening History

AimsPatients with enduring mental health conditions are known to have higher morbidity and mortality rates than the general population. It has been identified that this is due to lifestyle risk factors, medication side effects and barriers to receiving physical health care. National screening programmes; including cervical screening, save lives, however depends upon patient engagement. We hypothesised that due to the factors stated above, psychiatric inpatients are more at risk of cervical cancer and less likely to engage in cervical screening. This study aimed to assess the cervical screening history of patients discharged from the psychiatric inpatient hospital in Jersey, Channel Islands.MethodUsing computerised laboratory records, the cervical smear history of female patients discharged from the paychiatric inpatient hospital was analysed. Inclusion criteria were: being aged between 25–64 years and having a cervix in situ. Exclusion criteria were total hysterectomy. Cervical smear history was compared to the national guidelines of having routine smears every 3 years for women aged 25–49 and every 5 years for women aged between 50–64 years.ResultIn the period 1 December 2019–1 December 2020 there were 45 females discharged from the psychiatric inpatient hospital that fit the inclusion criteria. 26 (58%) were up to date with their cervical smears in accordance with national guidelines. 12 (27%) had previously had a smear but were not up to date. 19 smears were done at the GP, 13 at the sexual health clinic and 6 at gynaecology clinic. 7 (16%) had never had a cervical smear. Of these 7 patients it was identified that one patient was in a same sex relationship and one was a victim of sexual assault.Conclusion58% of women discharged from the psychiatric inpatient hospital were up to date with their smears. This is down from the 72.2% coverage rate of the general population. Although this was a small study, it highlights that engagement with cervical screening amongst psychiatric inpatients is less than the general population. Admission presents a crucial contact between patients and healthcare services and this could be utilised to engage patients in physical health screening. Cervical screening history could be checked upon admission and patients not adequately screened, assisted to make an appointment on discharge.

The Value of Cervical Screening in Women over 50 Years of Age —Time for a Multicentre Audit

1998 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.A. McKenzie ◽  
I.D. Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Screening Programme ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cervical Smear ◽  
History Of

This study reviews the cervical smear history of women developing CIN aged over 50 years to consider if they might be discharged sooner from the cervical screening programme in Tayside Region. From the OCCURS database all women over 50 years who developed CIN between 1 Jan 1993 and 30 June 1996 were identified and their smear history obtained. Results show that had women been discharged from the screening programme at age 50 following three consecutive negative smears and a negative exit smear then only two women with CIN3 and one with microinvasive disease would have been missed in the subsequent three and a half years. A wider geographical survey of the incidence of CIN in this older age group is needed to determine whether it is cost beneficial and cost effective to continue cervical screening beyond the age of 50 years.

scholarly journals Changes in prevalence of depression and anxiety following smoking cessation: results from an international cohort study (ATTEMPT)

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Shahab ◽  
S. Andrew ◽  
R. West
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
General Population ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Past History ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
History Of

BackgroundSmoking cessation improves physical health but it has been suggested that in vulnerable individuals it may worsen mental health. This study aimed to identify the short- and longer-term effects of stopping smoking on depression and anxiety in the general population and in those with a history of these disorders.MethodSociodemographic and smoking characteristics, and mental and physical health were assessed using established measures in the ATTEMPT cohort, an international longitudinal study of smokers (n = 3645). Smokers who had stopped for at least 3 months or less than 3 months at the 12-month follow-up were compared with current smokers (n = 1640).ResultsAt follow-up, 9.7% [95% confidence interval (CI) 8.3–11.2] of smokers had stopped for less than 3 months and 7.5% (95% CI 6.3–8.9) for at least 3 months. Compared with current smokers, prevalence of depression prescriptions obtained in the last 2 weeks was lower for those who had stopped for less than 3 months [odds ratio (OR) 0.37, 95% CI 0.14–0.96] or at least 3 months (OR 0.25, 95% CI 0.06–0.94) after adjusting for baseline prescription levels and confounding variables. Adjusted prevalence of recent depression symptoms was also lower for ex-smokers who had stopped for less than 3 months (OR 0.34, 95% CI 0.15–0.78) or at least 3 months (OR 0.24, 95% CI 0.09–0.67) than among continuing smokers. There was no change in anxiety measures in the general population or any increase in anxiety or depression symptoms in ex-smokers with a past history of these conditions.ConclusionsSmoking cessation does not appear to be associated with an increase in anxiety or depression and may lead to a reduced incidence of depression.

scholarly journals Setting Standards for Cervical Screening Fail-Safe Mechanisms: A Target Based on an Audit of Cytopathology Laboratory Records

1995 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilie Roberts ◽  
Steve Barrow ◽  
G A Cook ◽  
J P Walsworth-Bell
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Cervical Smear ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Fail Safe ◽  
North Western ◽  
Screening History

Objective — To examine the efficacy of cytopathology laboratories in monitoring action following an abnormal cervical smear. Setting — 11 screening laboratories serving 19 districts in the former North Western region of the United Kingdom. Method — 944 validated cases were identified at 11 laboratories. The screening history for each abnormal smear was obtained from the screening laboratory and compared with the records from the relevant family health services authority (FHSA) database. Results — Laboratories held complete follow up records in 740 (78·4%) cases; the FHSA records extended this to 910 (96·4%) cases. Poor communication was the main problem; computerisation was not necessary to improve fail-safe procedures. Conclusions — Audit of fail-safe procedures is a valuable purchasing tool, identifying weaknesses and strengths, setting and maintaining standards.

scholarly journals The association of triglyceride levels with the incidence of initial and recurrent acute pancreatitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Sanchez ◽  
Wenzhen Ge ◽  
Wenhui Wei ◽  
Manish P. Ponda ◽  
Robert S. Rosenson
Keyword(s):  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Baseline Period ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Recurrent Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nationally Representative

Abstract Background This retrospective cohort study assessed the annualized incidence rate (IR) of acute pancreatitis (AP) in a nationally representative US adult population, as well as the variation in the risk of AP events across strata of triglyceride (TG) levels. Methods Data were obtained from IQVIA’s US Ambulatory Electronic Medical Records (EMR) database linked with its LRxDx Open Claims database. Inclusion criteria included ≥1 serum TG value during the overlapping study period of the EMR and claims databases, ≥1 claim in the 12-month baseline period, and ≥ 1 claim in the 12 months post index. All TG measurements were assigned to the highest category reached: < 2.26, ≥2.26 to ≤5.65, > 5.65 to ≤9.94, > 9.94, and > 11.29 mmol/L (< 200, ≥200 to ≤500, > 500 to ≤880, > 880, and > 1000 mg/dL, respectively). The outcome of interest was AP, defined as a hospitalization event with AP as the principal diagnosis. Results In total, 7,119,195 patients met the inclusion/exclusion criteria, of whom 4158 (0.058%) had ≥1 AP events in the prior 12 months. Most patients (83%) had TGs < 2.26 mmol/L (< 200 mg/dL), while < 1% had TGs > 9.94 mmol/L (> 880 mg/dL). Overall, the IR of AP was low (0.08%; 95% confidence internal [CI], 0.08–0.08%), but increased with increasing TGs (0.08% in TGs < 2.26 mmol/L [< 200 mg/dL] to 1.21% in TGs > 11.29 mmol/L [> 1000 mg/dL]). In patients with a prior history of AP, the IR of AP increased dramatically; patients with ≥2 AP events at baseline had an IR of 29.98% (95% CI, 25.1–34.9%). Conclusion The risk of AP increases with increasing TG strata; however, the risk increases dramatically among patients with a recent history of AP.

scholarly journals Long-Term Physical Health Outcomes of Resettled Refugee Populations in the United States: A Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gayathri S. Kumar ◽  
Jenna A. Beeler ◽  
Emma E. Seagle ◽  
Emily S. Jentes
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Public Health Practice ◽  
The United States ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Physical Health Outcomes ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Us ◽  
Bhutanese Refugee

AbstractSeveral studies describe the health of recently resettled refugee populations in the US beyond the first 8 months after arrival. This review summarizes the results of these studies. Scientific articles from five databases published from January 2008 to March 2019 were reviewed. Articles were included if study subjects included any of the top five US resettlement populations during 2008–2018 and if data described long-term physical health outcomes beyond the first 8 months after arrival in the US. Thirty-three studies met the inclusion criteria (1.5%). Refugee adults had higher odds of having a chronic disease compared with non-refugee immigrant adults, and an increased risk for diabetes compared with US-born controls. The most commonly reported chronic diseases among Iraqi, Somali, and Bhutanese refugee adults included diabetes and hypertension. Clinicians should consider screening and evaluating for chronic conditions in the early resettlement period. Further evaluations can build a more comprehensive, long-term health profile of resettled refugees to inform public health practice.

scholarly journals Lymphoproliferative malignancies in patients with neurofibromatosis 1

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Bergqvist ◽  
François Hemery ◽  
Arnaud Jannic ◽  
Salah Ferkal ◽  
Pierre Wolkenstein
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Medical History ◽  
Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Neurofibromatosis 1 ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Non Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
History Of

AbstractNeurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) is an inherited, autosomal-dominant, tumor predisposition syndrome with a birth incidence as high as 1:2000. A patient with NF1 is four to five times more likely to develop a malignancy as compared to the general population. The number of epidemiologic studies on lymphoproliferative malignancies in patients with NF1 is limited. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence rate of lymphoproliferative malignancies (lymphoma and leukemia) in NF1 patients followed in our referral center for neurofibromatoses. We used the Informatics for Integrated Biology and the Bedside (i2b2) platform to extract information from the hospital’s electronic health records. We performed a keyword search on clinical notes generated between Jan/01/2014 and May/11/2020 for patients aged 18 years or older. A total of 1507 patients with confirmed NF1 patients aged 18 years and above were identified (mean age 39.2 years; 57% women). The total number of person-years in follow-up was 57,736 (men, 24,327 years; women, 33,409 years). Mean length of follow-up was 38.3 years (median, 36 years). A total of 13 patients had a medical history of either lymphoma or leukemia, yielding an overall incidence rate of 22.5 per 100,000 (0.000225, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.000223–0.000227). This incidence is similar to that of the general population in France (standardized incidence ratio 1.07, 95% CI 0.60–1.79). Four patients had a medical history leukemia and 9 patients had a medical history of lymphoma of which 7 had non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and 2 had Hodgkin lymphoma. Our results show that adults with NF1 do not have an increased tendency to develop lymphoproliferative malignancies, in contrast to the general increased risk of malignancy. While our results are consistent with the recent population-based study in Finland, they are in contrast with the larger population-based study in England whereby NF1 individuals were found to be 3 times more likely to develop both non-Hodgkin lymphoma and lymphocytic leukemia. Large-scale epidemiological studies based on nationwide data sets are thus needed to confirm our findings.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Environmental Impacts of Personal Protective Equipment Use by the General Population during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Study of Lombardy (Northern Italy)

Environments ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Gilberto Binda ◽  
Arianna Bellasi ◽  
Davide Spanu ◽  
Andrea Pozzi ◽  
Domenico Cavallo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Plastic Pollution ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Lombardy Region ◽  
Life Habits

The diffusion of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) impacted the whole world, changing the life habits of billions of people. These changes caused an abundant increase in personal protective equipment (PPE, e.g., masks and gloves) use by the general population, which can become a concerning issue of plastic pollution. This study aims to evaluate the negative effects of the abundant PPE use following the COVID-19 diffusion using the test site of the Lombardy region, an area highly affected by the pandemic. Population data were retrieved from national databases, and the COVID-19 national guidelines were considered to estimate the total use of PPEs during 2020. Then, the quantity of waste derived from their use was evaluated based on the weight of PPEs. As well, possible scenarios for 2021 were proposed based on 2020 estimations. The results suggested different negative effects of the diffusion of PPEs both on waste management and on the environment: The abundant increase in PPEs-derived waste caused an increase in terms of costs for management, and the potential direct spreading in the environment of these materials (especially masks) poses a serious threat for an increase in microplastics in water bodies. Following this evaluation, a careful choice regarding COVID-19 measures of containment should be performed especially by the general population, avoiding contagion diffusion and reducing the possible environmental impact derived from disposable PPE use.

Settler Colonial Disease and Dis-Ease in August: Osage County

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-78
Author(s):  
M. Elise Marubbio
Keyword(s):  
Native Americans ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Settler Colonialism ◽  
Film Adaptation ◽  
American People ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Place ◽  
Mental And Physical Health ◽  
American Racism ◽  
Osage County

AbstractTracy Letts’s screenplay, August: Osage County (2013), and John Wells’s film adaptation (2013) offer a compelling critique of American racism towards Native Americans which demands that viewers consider their own inculcation into ongoing settler-nation colonialism. The film layers the history of place (Oklahoma) with the Cheyenne character Johnna, whose Indigenous heritage is negotiated throughout by liberal academics, conservative rural matriarchs, and Johnna herself. The role is small but essential to the film’s allegorical analysis of settler-colonialism and racism. The Weston family’s secrets, addictions, and dysfunction starkly contrast with Johnna’s health and stability. Through Johnna, the film questions the toll colonialism takes on the mental and physical health of the American people. This paper analyzes the metanarrative association of the Weston family’s dysfunction and racism with ongoing colonialism that results in disease of the settler-colonial space as it emerges in the screenplay and film.

scholarly journals P63 Improving cervical smear uptake through an Automated Voice Messages Reminder

BJS Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Bladt ◽  
Felyx Wong ◽  
Francesca Bladt
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Telephone Triage ◽  
Cervical Smear ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Smear Test ◽  
Voice Message ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Busy Schedule

Abstract National cervical screening programs have played a pivotal role in the prevention of cervical cancer. However, practices across the UK have reached an all-time low in cervical screening uptake. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of implementing an automated voice message reminder within the local general practice (GP) telephone triage system and explore the reasons which deter eligible patients away from cervical screening. A 20-second voice-message reminder in the telephone queue was played, addressing key risk factors along with a message from a child who lost his mother to cervical cancer. From the anonymised GP database, weekly new smear test bookings were monitored from 4 weeks prior until 2 weeks after the intervention was implemented. To qualitatively assess factors which deter patients away from screening, female patients were randomly sampled to fill in an anonymous questionnaire. The use of a low-cost 20 second voice message in the telephone queue across UK GP practices could be an effective method to increase cervical smear test coverage towards the national target of 80%. 35 questionnaire responses were received, main themes reported for not attending screening include embarrassment(37%), busy schedule(32%) and cultural differences(24%). In the week following the intervention, cervical smear tests increased more than 2-fold, from an average of 12 to 26 smears per week. This could be partly due to the convenient timing of voice recording, reminding them to book both appointments simultaneously and the child’s emotive message.

scholarly journals Emotion Recognition in Adults With a History of Childhood Maltreatment: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 152483802110294
Author(s):  
Annie Bérubé ◽  
Jessica Turgeon ◽  
Caroline Blais ◽  
Daniel Fiset
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Emotion Recognition ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
History Of Childhood ◽  
History Of ◽  
Effects On Children ◽  
Meta Analyses

Child maltreatment has many well-documented lasting effects on children. Among its consequences, it affects children’s recognition of emotions. More and more studies are recognizing the lasting effect that a history of maltreatment can have on emotion recognition. A systematic literature review was conducted to better understand this relationship. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol was used and four databases were searched, MEDLINE/PubMed, PsycINFO, EMBASE, and FRANCIS, using three cross-referenced key words: child abuse, emotion recognition, and adults. The search process identified 23 studies that met the inclusion criteria. The review highlights the wide variety of measures used to assess child maltreatment as well as the different protocols used to measure emotion recognition. The results indicate that adults with a history of childhood maltreatment show a differentiated reaction to happiness, anger, and fear. Happiness is less detected, whereas negative emotions are recognized more rapidly and at a lower intensity compared to adults not exposed to such traumatic events. Emotion recognition is also related to greater brain activation for the maltreated group. However, the results are less consistent for adults who also have a diagnosis of mental health problems. The systematic review found that maltreatment affects the perception of emotions expressed on both adult and child faces. However, more research is needed to better understand how a history of maltreatment is related to adults’ perception of children’s emotions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document