scholarly journals Impact of perinatal and repeated maternal common mental disorders on educational outcomes of primary school children in rural Ethiopia: population-based cohort study

BJPsych Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Habtamu Mekonnen ◽  
Girmay Medhin ◽  
Mark Tomlinson ◽  
Atalay Alem ◽  
Martin Prince ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Educational Outcomes ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Child Outcomes ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Preschool Period ◽  
Self Reporting Questionnaire ◽  
Academic Year

Background There have been no studies from low- or middle-income countries to investigate the long-term impact of perinatal common mental disorders (CMD) on child educational outcomes. Aims To test the hypothesis that exposure to antenatal and postnatal maternal CMD would be associated independently with adverse child educational outcomes in a rural Ethiopian. Method A population-based birth cohort was established in 2005/2006. Inclusion criteria were: age between 15 and 49 years, ability to speak Amharic, in the third trimester of pregnancy and resident of the health demographic surveillance site. One antenatal and nine postnatal maternal CMD assessments were conducted using a self-reporting questionnaire, validated for the local use. Child educational outcomes were obtained from the mother at T1 (2013/2014 academic year; mean age 8.5 years) and from school records at T2 (2014/2015 academic year; mean age 9.3 years). Results Antenatal CMD (risk ratio (RR) = 1.06, 95% CI 1.05–1.07) and postnatal CMD (RR = 1.07, 95% CI 1.06–1.09) were significantly associated with child absenteeism at T2. Exposure to repeatedly high maternal CMD scores in the preschool period was not associated with absenteeism after adjusting for antenatal and postnatal CMD. Non-enrolment at T1 (odds ratio 0.75, 95% CI 0.62–0.92) was significantly but inversely associated with postnatal maternal CMD. There was no association between maternal CMD and child academic achievement or drop-out. Conclusions Our findings support the hypothesis of a critical period for exposure to maternal CMD for adverse child outcomes and indicate that programmes to enhance regular school attendance in low-income countries need to address perinatal maternal CMD. Declaration of interest None.

scholarly journals Impact of maternal common mental disorders on child educational outcomes at 7 and 9 years: a population-based cohort study in Ethiopia

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e018916 ◽  
Author(s):  
Habtamu Mekonnen ◽  
Girmay Medhin ◽  
Mark Tomlinson ◽  
Atalay Alem ◽  
Martin Prince ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Educational Outcomes ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Maternal Mental Health ◽  
Population Based ◽  
South Central ◽  
Self Reporting Questionnaire ◽  
Academic Year

ObjectivesTo examine the association between exposure to maternal common mental disorders (CMD) in preschool and early school age children and subsequent child educational outcomes.DesignA population-based cohort study.SettingThe study was undertaken in the Butajira health and demographic surveillance site (HDSS), a predominantly rural area of south central Ethiopia.ParticipantsInclusion criteria are women aged between 15 and 49 years, able to speak Amharic, in the third trimester of pregnancy and resident of the HDSS. 1065 women were recruited between July 2005 and February 2006 and followed up. When the average age of children was 6.5 years old, the cohort was expanded to include an additional 1345 mothers and children who had been born in the 12 months preceding and following the recruitment of the original cohort, identified from the HDSS records. Data from a total of 2090 mother–child dyads were included in the current analysis.MeasuresMaternal CMD was measured when the children were 6–7 (6/7) and 7–8 (7/8) years old using the Self-reporting Questionnaire, validated for the setting. Educational outcomes (dropout) of the children at aged 7/8 years (end of 2013/2014 academic year) were obtained from maternal report. At age 8/9 years (end of 2014/2015 academic year), educational outcomes (academic achievement, absenteeism and dropout) of the children were obtained from school records.ResultsAfter adjusting for potential confounders, exposure to maternal CMD at 7/8 years was associated significantly with school dropout (OR 1.07; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.13, P=0.043) and absenteeism (incidence rate ratio 1.01; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.02 P=0.026) at the end of 2014/2015 academic year. There was no association between maternal CMD and child academic achievement.ConclusionFuture studies are needed to evaluate whether interventions to improve maternal mental health can reduce child school absenteeism and dropout.

scholarly journals Risk factors for common mental disorders in women

2006 ◽  
Vol 189 (6) ◽  
pp. 547-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vikram Patel ◽  
Betty R. Kirkwood ◽  
Sulochana Pednekar ◽  
Helen Weiss ◽  
David Mabey
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Common Mental Disorder ◽  
Psychological Symptom ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Physical Illness ◽  
Chronic Physical Illness ◽  
Incident Cases

BackgroundThe determinants of common mental disorders in women have not been described in longitudinal studies from a low-income country.MethodPopulation-based cohort study of 2494 women aged 18 to 50 years, in India. The Revised Clinical Interview Schedule was used for the detection of common mental disorders.ResultsThere were 39 incident cases of common mental disorder in 2166 participants eligible for analysis (12-month rate 1.8%, 95% CI 1.3–2.4%). The following baseline factors were independently associated with the risk for common mental disorder: poverty (low income and having difficulty making ends meet); being married as compared with being single; use of tobacco; experiencing abnormal vaginal discharge; reporting a chronic physical illness; and having higher psychological symptom scores at baseline.ConclusionsProgrammes to reduce the burden of common mental disorder in women should target poorer women, women with chronic physical illness and who have gynaecological symptoms, and women who use tobacco.

scholarly journals Common mental disorders and chronic non-communicable diseases in adults: a population-based study

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fábio Monteiro da Cunha Coelho ◽  
Ricardo Tavares Pinheiro ◽  
Bernardo Lessa Horta ◽  
Pedro Vieira da Silva Magalhães ◽  
Carla Maria Maia Garcias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Chronically Ill ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
The Self ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Self Reporting Questionnaire

A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted to identify the prevalence of common mental disorders and verify the association with chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and the self-reported number of chronic diseases. The Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) was applied in a multi-stage random sample of 1,276 adults aged 40 and older. Socio-demographic, behavioral, and health-related variables were also obtained using a structured questionnaire. Prevalence of common mental disorders was 30.2%. Lower schooling and social class and the 46-55-year age bracket were associated with psychiatric morbidity. Each chronic illness was independently associated with common mental disorders. However, a stronger association was found between common mental disorders and the total number of self-reported chronic conditions, with a prevalence ratio of 4.67 (95%CI: 3.19-6.83) for five or more self-reported NCDs. The current study emphasizes the importance of common mental disorders in chronically ill patients, particularly in those with more total chronic conditions.

scholarly journals Sociocultural practices in Ethiopia: association with onset and persistence of postnatal common mental disorders

2010 ◽  
Vol 197 (6) ◽  
pp. 468-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Hanlon ◽  
Girmay Medhin ◽  
Atalay Alem ◽  
Mesfin Araya ◽  
Abdulreshid Abdulahi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Qualitative Investigation ◽  
Rural Ethiopia ◽  
Sociocultural Practices ◽  
Self Reporting Questionnaire

BackgroundTraditional perinatal practices may protect against postnatal common mental disorders (CMD) in non-Western societies.AimsTo evaluate the association between perinatal practices and postnatal CMD in rural Ethiopia.MethodA population-based sample of 1065 women was followed up from pregnancy until 2 months postpartum. Qualitative investigation informed the development of scales measuring attitudes towards and adherence to perinatal practices. Postnatal CMD was measured using the Self-Reporting Questionnaire.ResultsEndorsement of sociocultural perinatal practices was associated with lower odds of antenatal CMD persisting into the postnatal period (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 0.66, 95% CI 0.45–0.95). Women who endorsed protective and celebratory perinatal practices but were unable to complete them had increased odds of incident (adjusted OR = 7.26, 95% CI 1.38–38.04) and persistent postnatal CMD (adjusted OR = 2.16, 95% CI 1.11–4.23) respectively.ConclusionsThere is evidence for an independent role of sociocultural practices in maintaining perinatal mental health in this Ethiopian community.

scholarly journals Common mental disorders in a young urban population in Colombia

2005 ◽  
Vol 187 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trudy Harpham ◽  
Simon Snoxell ◽  
Emma Grant ◽  
Carlos Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Young People ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Reporting Questionnaire ◽  
The City

BackgroundThere are few studies of mental ill health among young people in developing countries.AimsTo measure the prevalence of common mental disorders among low-income young people in the city of Cali, Colombia and to examine associations with violence and social capital.MethodThe Self-Reporting Questionnaire was administered to 1057 young people aged 15–25 years. Social capital, violence, alcoholism and socio-demographic variables were also measured.ResultsWe found 255 young people (24%) with common mental disorders. Being a woman, having limited education and experiencing high levels of violence were the main risk factors for common mental disorders. Social capital did not emerge as a risk factor.ConclusionsA large burden of mental ill health among young people was found; this requires urgent interventions and more research on the mechanisms which link mental health and violence.

scholarly journals Social inequalities in the prevalence of common mental disorders in adults: a population-based study in Southern Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramona Sant’Ana Maggi de Moraes ◽  
Diego Augusto Santos Silva ◽  
Walter Ferreira de Oliveira ◽  
Marco Aurélio Peres
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Self Reporting Questionnaire ◽  
Prevalence Ratios

ABSTRACT: Objective: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and factors associated with Common Mental Disorders (CMD) in adults in a capital city in Southern Brazil. Methods: Population-based survey conducted on 1,720 adults aged 20 - 59 years from Florianópolis, Southern Brazil. The CMD were investigated through the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20). The independent variables were demographic, socioeconomic, health-related behaviors, health conditions and use of health services. Multivariable Poisson regression was used for the estimation of prevalence ratios (PR) and 95%CI. Results: The prevalence of CMD was 14.7%. Adjusted analyses showed that the prevalence was higher among women, those self-reported as blacks, with lower educational level, poor, divorced/separated/widowed, inactive in leisure time, heavy smokers, people with chronic diseases, those who reported negative health self-rating, those who had medical appointments and who were hospitalized before the interview. Conclusion: CMD is relatively high among population subgroups most vulnerable to social inequalities and with worse conditions related to health indicators.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Stigma of Postpartum Common Mental Disorders in the Gurage Region of Ethiopia: A Mixed-Methods Observational Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophia Monaghan ◽  
Meseret Ayalew Akale ◽  
Bete Demeke ◽  
Gary L. Darmstadt
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Common Mental Disorder ◽  
World Health ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Postpartum Women ◽  
Healthcare Staff ◽  
Self Reporting Questionnaire

Objectives: Mental disorders are vastly underdiagnosed in low-income countries that disproportionately affect women. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of common mental disorders in newly postpartum women, and stigma associated with mental health reporting in an Ethiopian community using a validated World Health Organization survey.Methods: The Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ) for psychological distress was administered in Amharic by nurses to 118 women aged 18–37 years who had given birth in the prior 3 months in the Glenn C. Olsen Memorial Primary Hospital in Yetebon. Mental health stigma among the four nursing staff was assessed using Link and Phelan's Components of Stigma.Results: Among 118 women surveyed, 18% had a probable common mental disorder using the SRQ 4/5 cutoff and 2% admitted to suicidal thoughts. Presence of stigma in the healthcare staff was verified, including labeling, stereotyping, separating, and status loss and discrimination.Conclusion: Postpartum mental health disorders as well as stigma against such diagnoses are common in the Yetebon community. There is an urgent need for increased availability of properly trained and supervised healthcare staff in the identification and referral of postpartum women with common mental disorders.

scholarly journals Common Mental Disorders and Its Socio-Demographic Correlates Among Women Of Reproductive Age In Urban And Rural Area Of Meerut

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 359-364
Author(s):  
Vertika Agarwal ◽  
Seema Jain ◽  
Sunil Kumar Garg ◽  
Ganesh Singh ◽  
Chhaya Mittal
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Self Reporting Questionnaire

Background: Common Mental disorders are distress states manifesting with anxiety, depressive and unexplained somatic symptoms categorized as ‘neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders’ in ICD-10. These are 2-3 times more common in women than in men and also more in urban area than rural. Women of reproductive age are at higher risk especially those with social disadvantage, low income and low education. Aims & Objectives: To assess the prevalence of common mental disorders and associated socio-demographic factors among women of reproductive age (15-49 years) residing in urban and rural area of Meerut. Material and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study done in urban and rural area of Meerut from June 2018 to October 2019. 267 women in reproductive age (15-49years) were interviewed in urban as well as rural area using a predesigned pretested questionnaire regarding socio-demographic profile. Self- Reporting Questionnaire-20 was used to determine presence of common mental disorders. Results: Overall prevalence of common mental disorders among women of reproductive age group was 19.8%(106) with 24.2%(65) in urban and 15.4%(41) in rural area. Statistical analysis revealed that various socio-demographic variables like belonging to urban area (24.2%),being widowed/separated (urban-85.7%;rural-75.0%), belonging to broken family(urban-54.5%%; rural-58.3%), being employed(urban-39.6%;rural-33.3%) and lower socio-economic status(urban-54.5%;rural-40.0%) were significantly associated with presence of common mental disorders. In urban women increasing age was also associated with common mental disorders. Conclusion: The study revealed a high prevalence of common mental disorders in both urban and rural area and a significant association with various socio-demographic variables.

scholarly journals Detecting common mental disorders in primary care in India: a comparison of five screening questionnaires

2007 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Patel ◽  
R. Araya ◽  
N. Chowdhary ◽  
M. King ◽  
B. Kirkwood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Health Questionnaire ◽  
Primary Care Settings ◽  
Self Reporting Questionnaire ◽  
Distress Scale

BackgroundScreening of patients for common mental disorders (CMDs) is needed in primary-care management programmes. This study aimed to compare the screening properties of five widely used questionnaires.MethodAdult attenders in five primary-care settings in India were recruited through systematic sampling. Four questionnaires were administered, in pairs, in random order to participants: the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ, 12 items); the Primary Health Questionnaire (PHQ, nine items); the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10, 10 items), and from which we could extract the score of the shorter 6-item K6; and the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ, 20 items). All participants were interviewed with a structured lay diagnostic interview, the Revised Clinical Interview Schedule (CIS-R).ResultsComplete data were available for 598 participants (participation rate 99.3%). All five questionnaires showed moderate to high discriminating ability; the GHQ and SRQ showed the best results. All five showed moderate to high degrees of correlation with one another, the poorest being between the two shortest questionnaires, K6 and PHQ. All five had relatively good internal consistency. However, the positive predictive value (PPV) of the questionnaires compared with the diagnostic interview ranged from 51% to 77% at the optimal cut-off scores.ConclusionsThere is little difference in the ability of these questionnaires to identify cases accurately, but none showed high PPVs without a considerable compromise on sensitivity. Hence, the choice of an optimum cut-off score that yields the best balance between sensitivity and PPV may need to be tailored to individual settings, with a higher cut-off being recommended in resource-limited primary-care settings.

Prevalence and determinants of Common Mental Disorder among pregnant women In Debre Berhan town: Highland in Central Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kefyalew Dagne Gizachew ◽  
Gashaw Andargie Biks ◽  
Abate Dargie Wubetu
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Common Mental Disorder ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Medical Illness ◽  
Debre Berhan ◽  
Self Reporting Questionnaire

Abstract Introduction: The high prevalence of antenatal mental disorders in Sub-Saharan African countries is poorly understood. Pregnancy and childbirth are gaining recognition as significant risk factors for the development and exacerbation of mental health problems. In low- and lower-middle income countries about one in six pregnant women are experiencing antenatal common mental disorders (CMD). Objective: To assess prevalence and associated factors of common mental disorders (CMD) among pregnant women in Debre Berhan town, North Showa Zone, Amhara region, Ethiopia, 2016. Methods: Community based cross-sectional study was employed among 569 participants. Data was collected using face-to-face interviews with Amharic version of Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) from seven selected kebeles. Kebeles were selected by simple random sampling and individuals were selected using cluster sampling. Crude and adjusted OR was analyzed using bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis and the level of significance for association was determined with 95% CI and at P- value < 0.05. Result: A total 557 study participants were completed the interview and the prevalence of antenatal common mental disorder was found to be 45.2%. Loss of loved one (AOR = 1.97; 95% CI: 1.19–3.27), history of chronic medical illness (AOR = 6.57; 95% CI: 2.17–19.94), unwanted pregnancy (AOR = 2.13; 95% CI: 1.15–3.95), nulliparity (AOR = 8.71; 95% CI: 1.58–47.94), one or less ANC consultations (AOR = 0.22; 95% CI: 0.08–0.64), two-three ANC consultations (AOR = 0.30; 95% CI: 0.11–0.83) and current obstetric complications (AOR = 4.45; 95% CI: 2.21–8.99) were important factors significantly associated with antenatal common mental disorder. Conclusion: The prevalence of antenatal common mental disorder (CMD) was high in this study that shows antenatal CMD is significant public health issue that requires a great emphasis. So, early screening and intervention for antenatal CMD should be integrated in primary health care and antenatal care service settings.

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