scholarly journals Dismantling the social safety net: social security reforms, disability and mental health conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 208-212
Author(s):  
Jed Boardman
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Social Safety Net ◽  
Long Term Conditions ◽  
Mental Health Conditions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Policy Reform ◽  
Social Security Reforms

SummaryThis article examines the effects of UK welfare reform since 2008 on people with mental health conditions and disabilities. The results have been profound, particularly during a time of economic austerity, damaging the social safety net and pushing many vulnerable people into poverty and hardship. It has perpetuated inequalities and increased the social exclusion of disabled groups. The holes in the safety net require repair, alongside extensive social policy reform to both protect and empower people with disabilities and long-term conditions.

scholarly journals Using the patient activation measure to examine the self-management support needs of a population of UK workers with long-term health conditions

2021 ◽  
pp. 174239532110434
Author(s):  
Sally Hemming ◽  
Fehmidah Munir
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Patient Activation ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Support Needs ◽  
Management Support ◽  
Long Term Conditions ◽  
Mental Health Conditions ◽  
Patient Activation Measure

Objectives To examine differences in patient activation and self-management support needs in a population of UK workers with long-term health conditions. Methods Demographic, health and activation information were taken from the data of participants with long-term conditions, collected via an online cross-sectional survey of workers. The 13-item British patient activation measure measured workers knowledge, skills and confidence towards self-managing. Results Three hundred and seven workers with mental health, musculoskeletal and other conditions completed the patient activation measure. Mental health conditions were most prevalent (36.8%). Workers were higher activated, however workers with mental health conditions were significantly less activated ( p = 0.006). Differences in activation by condition severity and age were revealed. Discussion This study provides insight to the activation of UK workers with long-term conditions. Whilst workers with mental health conditions need more training and education to self-manage, workers are variably activated indicating broader support needs. There is a gap for workplace self-management support. The patient activation measure is used in healthcare to improve people’s self-management and should be considered to be included in the workplace, and could form part of interventions to support workers self-management. More rigorous studies, including the patient activation measure, are needed to identify the best approaches to identifying workers self-management support needs.

scholarly journals Vocational interventions to help adults with long-term health conditions or disabilities gain and maintain paid work: an overview of systematic reviews

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. e049522
Author(s):  
William Mark Magnus Levack ◽  
Joanna Kirstin Fadyl
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Mental Health Conditions ◽  
Moderate Quality ◽  
Overview Of Systematic Reviews ◽  
Quality Evidence

ObjectiveTo conduct an overview of systematic reviews to examine the effectiveness of vocational interventions to help adults with long-term health conditions or disability gain and maintain new paid work and to analyse the spread and quality of evidence in this area.MethodsWe pre-published our protocol in PROSPERO (CRD42019132448). We searched Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, AMED, CINAHL, Proquest Dissertations and Theses database, NICE and Business Source Complete from inception to 21 August 2020. We included any systematic reviews of clinical trials on vocational interventions for adults with long-term health conditions or disability who were not in work or had recently gained work. We excluded reviews of vocational interventions for employed people on sick leave. Two researchers identified, critically appraised,using A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) 2, and extracted data from included reviews. We used Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation to evaluate strength of evidence underpinning overview findings.ResultsWe identified 26 reviews (5 high-quality and 21 critically low to moderate quality) that focused on vocational interventions for acquired brain injury, autism, intellectual disability, multiple sclerosis, mental health conditions, spinal cord injury and general disability populations. We identified moderate quality evidence that people with moderate to severe mental health conditions who participate in supported employment, particularly individual placement and support, are more likely to gain competitive employment compared with people who receive traditional vocational services (risk ratio 2.07; 95% CI 1.82 to 2.35; 27 studies, 6651 participants). We found only very low-quality to low-quality evidence on vocational intervention for people with any other health condition. We found little to no data on employer or employee satisfaction with work outcomes or the cost effectiveness of interventions.ConclusionGiven the importance placed on work opportunities for people with long-term health conditions or disability, there is urgent need for more high-quality research on vocational interventions for this population.Prospero registration numberCRD42019132448.

scholarly journals Emergency department utilization for substance use disorders and mental health conditions during COVID-19

PLoS ONE ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. e0262136
Author(s):  
Arjun K. Venkatesh ◽  
Alexander T. Janke ◽  
Jeremy Kinsman ◽  
Craig Rothenberg ◽  
Pawan Goyal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Emergency Department ◽  
Emergency Medicine ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Emergency Department Utilization ◽  
Mental Health Conditions ◽  
Ed Visits ◽  
National Emergency

Background As the emergency department (ED) has evolved into the de-facto site of care for a variety of substance use disorder (SUD) presentations, trends in ED utilization are an essential public health surveillance tool. Changes in ED visit patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic may reflect changes in access to outpatient treatment, changes in SUD incidence, or the unintended effects of public policy to mitigate COVID-19. We use a national emergency medicine registry to describe and characterize trends in ED visitation for SUDs since 2019. Methods We included all ED visits identified in a national emergency medicine clinical quality registry, which included 174 sites across 33 states with data from January 2019 through June 2021. We defined SUD using ED visit diagnosis codes including: opioid overdose and opioid use disorder (OUD), alcohol use disorders (AUD), and other SUD. To characterize changes in ED utilization, we plotted the 3-week moving average ratio of visit counts in 2020 and 2021 as compared to visit counts in 2019. Findings While overall ED visits declined in the early pandemic period and had not returned to 2019 baseline by June 2021, ED visit counts for SUD demonstrated smaller declines in March and April of 2020, so that the proportion of overall ED visits that were for SUD increased. Furthermore, in the second half of 2020, ED visits for SUD returned to baseline, and increased above baseline for OUD ever since May 2020. Conclusions We observe distinct patterns in ED visitation for SUDs over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly for OUD for which ED visitation barely declined and now exceeds previous baselines. These trends likely demonstrate the essential role of hospital-based EDs in providing 24/7/365 care for people with SUDs and mental health conditions. Allocation of resources must be directed towards the ED as a de-facto safety net for populations in crisis.

Getting back to work: Experiences of the individual placement and support model from those with mental health conditions, an interpretative phenomenological analysis

Work ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Claire Raeside ◽  
Jean McQueen
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Individual Placement And Support ◽  
Mental Health Conditions ◽  
Paid Employment ◽  
Individual Placement

BACKGROUND: Evidence continues to build on the value of Individual Placement and Support (IPS), enabling those with long-term mental health conditions to find mainstream employment. Many of these individuals would like to work; however, unemployment for this population remains high. IPS research thus far has targeted the effectiveness of the model, with less emphasis on how individuals perceive and experience IPS and the return to work. OBJECTIVE: This study explores the barriers, enablers, meaning and personal experience of being supported to find work through IPS, for individuals with long-term mental health conditions. Findings based on lived experiences of nine participants from two Scottish centres running IPS, should be useful to enhance and develop services. METHODS: This study involves qualitative data collection, using semi-structured interviews and Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). RESULTS: Transcript analysis revealed three master themes: 1) “Working is good for me”: positive aspects to working; 2) “Rome wasn’t built in a day”: time-unlimited supported journey and 3) “My inner critic”: negative aspects to working. Participants praised IPS for the on-going practical and emotional support in overcoming self-identified occupational barriers. CONCLUSION: Paid employment was greatly associated with financial freedom, social inclusion, increased self-esteem and alleviation of depressive symptoms. Participants described the person-centred, time-unlimited approach taken by the employment specialists (ESs) or occupational therapists (OTs), as the main enabler to maintaining paid employment. Barriers, such as anxiety and work-related stress were identified, however, participants felt supported to overcome some of these negative symptoms.

scholarly journals Mental health of clinic-attending Syrian refugee women in Jordan: associations between social ecological risks factors and mental health symptoms

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad Adam Brooks ◽  
Melissa Meinhart ◽  
Luma Samawi ◽  
Trena Mukherjee ◽  
Ruba Jaber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Social Ecology ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Mental Health Conditions ◽  
Refugee Women ◽  
Syrian Refugee ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
The Social

Abstract Background The mental health of refugee women is often affected by multiple risk factors in their social ecology. Assessing these risk factors is foundational in determining potential areas for intervention. We used the social ecological model to examine risk factors associated with self-reported mental health symptoms among clinic-attending Syrian refugee women in Jordan. We hypothesize that individual (older age, unmarried, have more children under 18, difficulty reading/writing with ease), interpersonal (intimate partner violence [IPV]), community and societal level risk factors (greater number of postmigration stressors), will be associated with depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Methods We surveyed 507 women using a cross-sectional clinic-based systematic sampling approach between April and November 2018. We used multivariable regressions to examine associations between different risk factors in the social ecology on depression, anxiety, and PTSD. Additional multivariable regressions explored associations between specific postmigration stressors and mental health conditions. Results We found rates of depression among our sample to be 62.92%; anxiety 57.46%; and PTSD 66.21%. Our hypothesis was partially supported. At the individual level, age was directly associated with anxiety (aOR 1.04, 95% CI [1.02, 1.06]) and PTSD (aOR 1.03, 95% CI [1.01, 1.06]), while marriage decreased odds for depression (aOR 0.41, 95% CI [0.19, 0.92]) and PTSD (aOR 0.36, 95% CI [0.15, 0.87]). IPV was associated with depression (aOR 2.78, 95% CI [1.72, 4.47]); anxiety (aOR 3.30, 95% CI [2.06, 5.27]); and PTSD (aOR 5.49, 95% CI [3.09, 9.76]). Each additional community and societal risk factor (postmigration stressor) increased the odds for depression (aOR 1.32, 95% CI [1.22, 1.42]), anxiety (aOR 1.28, 95% CI [1.19, 1.39]), and PTSD (aOR 1.46, 95% CI [1.33, 1.60]). Conclusion Understanding social ecological risk factors associated with mental health conditions of Syrian refugee women is vital to addressing their mental health needs. IPV and postmigration stressors are consistently impactful with all mental health conditions. IPV resulted in the largest odds increase for all mental health conditions. Multilevel interventions are needed to address mental health risk factors at multiple levels of the social ecology.

scholarly journals Long-term risk of de novo mental health conditions after hysterectomy with ovarian conservation

Menopause ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon K. Laughlin-Tommaso ◽  
Anisha Satish ◽  
Zaraq Khan ◽  
Carin Y. Smith ◽  
Walter A. Rocca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Mental Health Conditions ◽  
Ovarian Conservation

scholarly journals Is the Social Safety Net a Long-Term Investment? Large-Scale Evidence from the Food Stamps Program

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha Bailey ◽  
Hilary Hoynes ◽  
Maya Rossin-Slater ◽  
Reed Walker
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Food Stamps ◽  
Social Safety Net ◽  
The Social
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