scholarly journals Accurate recording of personality disorder in clinical practice

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 135-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Tyrer
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Secondary Diagnosis ◽  
Official Statistics ◽  
Proper Understanding ◽  
Longitudinal Course

SummaryDisturbances of personality are recorded very poorly in official statistics, but there are signs that this is changing. For many years, personality disorder has been either regarded as a secondary diagnosis that can be forgotten in the presence of another mental disorder, or avoided as the diagnosis gives the impression of untreatability or stigma. What is now abundantly clear is that under-diagnosis of personality disorder represents a disservice to patients and practitioners. It prevents a proper understanding of the longitudinal course of psychiatric disorder and an appreciation of some of the positive aspects of abnormal personality that can be used in treatment. We must no longer bury personality disorder, ostrich-like, in the diagnostic sand. It is there for the asking and needs to be embraced honestly and without fear if we are to improve the management of psychiatric patients.Declaration of interestNone.

scholarly journals Standardization and Validation of the Personality Disorder Inventory PSGP-IPDI

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-122
Author(s):  
K Abilash ◽  
P Sindhuja Manisha Kamini ◽  
T Jothimani
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Personality Inventory ◽  
Clinical Population ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Characteristic Behavior ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Personality is the dynamic organization within the individual of those psychophysical systems that determine characteristic behavior and thought. Aim: To standardize and validate personality disorder inventory in clinical population. Methods and Samples: 100 Psychiatric patients were taken as a sample as a clinical population in various hospital Coimbatore age ranged 28 – 58. PSGP- IPDI- Indian Personality Disorder Inventory assessed for 100 psychiatric disorder individuals. Results: The relationship among the disorders of the personality inventory shows both positive and negative correlations among the dimensions most of the dimensions exhibited positive correlation. The internal consistency of the inventory is reliable.Conclusion: The personality disorder inventory is reliable and significant and this tool can be administered on the clinical population.

scholarly journals Principles of managing patients with personality disorder

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie E. Davison
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Clinical Skills ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Everyday Clinical Practice ◽  
Clinical Problems

The management of individuals with personality disorder is one of the most challenging and sometimes controversial areas of psychiatry. This paper describes the principles involved in identifying the clinical problems and formulating a management plan for patients with personality disorder in everyday clinical practice. It demonstrates that the principles of assessing and managing personality disorders and the clinical skills required are no different from those of treating any other chronic mental disorder.

The Middlesex Hospital Questionnaire: A Validity Study with American Psychiatric Patients

1981 ◽  
Vol 139 (4) ◽  
pp. 336-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matig Mavissakalian ◽  
Larry Michelson
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Validity Study ◽  
Phobic Disorders ◽  
American Sample ◽  
Middlesex Hospital

SummaryThe Middlesex Hospital Questionnaire (MHQ) was used as a screening test for psychiatric disorder in 169 new outpatients. The profile obtained on the six subscales of the MHQ was strikingly similar in this American sample compared to four previous British reports. The MHQ significantly differentiated between diagnostic groups, most particularly between neuroses and personality disorders. Moreover, 75 per cent of the patients could be correctly classified as either neurosis or personality disorder on the basis of their MHQ total and subscale scores. The MHQ appears to be particularly useful in identifying phobic disorders, and the phobia subscale consistently discriminated between anxiety-phobic states and other diagnostic groups.

scholarly journals Everything you wanted to know about neuroimaging and psychiatry, but were afraid to ask

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 251-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Martinelli ◽  
Sukhwinder S. Shergill
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Brain Structure ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Everyday Clinical Practice ◽  
Brain Structure And Function ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Brain

SummaryRecent years have seen a dramatic increase in the advances and applications of medical imaging techniques. Tools with familiar acronyms such as MRI, EEG/MEG and PET/SPECT have provided invaluable information not only about the brain structure and function associated with psychiatric disorders, but increasingly about the mechanisms underpinning these disorders. This evolving understanding of the specific pathophysiology of mental disorder paves the way for improvement in the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of the disorders managed in everyday clinical practice. This article gives an overview of the main neuroimaging approaches, contemporary applications of this technology to psychiatric disorder and signposts to the exciting possibilities for the future.

The Children of Psychiatric Patients: Clinical Findings

1977 ◽  
Vol 131 (5) ◽  
pp. 514-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. F. Cooper ◽  
C. Leach ◽  
D. Storer ◽  
W. L. Tonge
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Marital Discord ◽  
School Age

Findings are presented on 42 children of school age, the offspring of 26 adult psychiatric patients. Psychiatric disorder was found in 19 (45 per cent) of the children, compared with 12 (26 per cent) of 47 children from a control group of families.Families with disturbed children differed from the remaining families in the following ways: presence of frank marital discord, the diagnosis of personality disorder in the parents, the inability of the father to tolerate angry situations, and the presence of siblings of under 9 years of age. Six months later, 9 of the 19 children had improved considerably. In almost every family this was associated with improvement in the condition of the parents.It is suggested that the psychiatric disorder of these children is reactive to the presence of emotional turmoil in the families.

Associations between psychiatric disorder and offending

2012 ◽  
pp. 1917-1926
Author(s):  
Lindsay Thomson ◽  
Rajan Darjee
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Learning Disability ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Antisocial Personality Disorder ◽  
Antisocial Behaviour ◽  
Antisocial Personality ◽  
Violent Offending

The associations between psychiatric disorder and offending are complex. There has been a great deal of research into certain disorders and violent offending particularly over the last two decades. In summary, this has found a clear and consistent association between schizophreniform psychoses and violence, the importance of premorbid antisocial behaviour in predicting future violence, and the adjunctive effect of co-morbid substance misuse and antisocial personality disorder in the prevalence of violence. In addition, it has allowed the development of neuropsychiatric models to begin to explain violence in the context of mental disorder. Substance use disorders and learning disability are discussed in Chapters 11.3.2 and 11.3.3.

Parental psychiatric disorder: effects on children

1984 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 853-880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Rutter ◽  
David Quinton
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Control Group ◽  
School Age ◽  
Behavioural Disturbance ◽  
Disorder Effects ◽  
Family Discord ◽  
Effects On Children ◽  
English Speaking

SynopsisA 4-year prospective study was undertaken of the families of 137 newly referred English speaking psychiatric patients with children at home aged under 15 years. The group comprised a representative sample of such patients living in one inner London borough. Teacher questionnaires were obtained yearly for all children of school age in the families, and for age-, sex- and classroom-matched controls. Detailed standardized interviews were undertaken yearly with parent-patients and with their spouses. A comparison was also made with a control group of families in the general population with 10-year-old children. Patients' families differed in terms of a higher rate of psychiatric disorder in spouses and a much higher level of family discord. Both parental mental disorder and marital discord tended to persist over the 4-year period, but persistence of both was much more marked when the parent had a personality disorder. The children of psychiatric patients had an increased rate of persistent emotional/behavioural disturbance, which tended to involve disorders of conduct. The psychiatric risk to the children was greatest in the case of personality disorders associated with high levels of exposure to hostile behaviour. Boys showing temperamental risk features were most vulnerable to the ill-effects associated with parental mental disorder.

Prescribing stigma in mental disorders: A comparative study of Portuguese psychiatrists and general practitioners

2021 ◽  
pp. 002076402110025
Author(s):  
Bárbara Almeida ◽  
Ana Samouco ◽  
Filipe Grilo ◽  
Sónia Pimenta ◽  
Ana Maria Moreira
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
General Practitioners ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical Speciality ◽  
Diagnostic Overshadowing ◽  
Related Stigma ◽  
Health Related

Background: Physicians, including psychiatrists and general practitioners (GPs), have been reported as essential sources of stigma towards people diagnosed with a mental disorder (PDMDs), which constitutes an important barrier to recovery and is associated with poorer clinical outcomes. Therefore, psychiatrists and GPs are key populations where it is crucial to examine stigma, improve attitudes and reduce discrimination towards psychiatric patients. Aims: This study is the first to explore mental health-related stigma among Portuguese psychiatrists and GPs, examining the differences between these two specialities and assessing whether sociodemographic and professional variables are associated with stigma. Method: A cross-sectional study was performed between June 2018 and August 2019. A consecutive sample of 55 Psychiatrists and 67 GPs working in Porto (Portugal) filled a 25-item self-report questionnaire to assess their attitudes towards PDMDs in clinical practice. The instrument was designed by the authors, based on previous mental health-related stigma studies and validated scales. The questionnaire includes 12 stigma dimensions ( Autonomy, Coercion, Incompetence, Dangerousness, Permanence, Pity, Responsibility, Segregation, Labelling, Diagnostic Overshadowing, Shame and Parental Incompetence), and its total score was used to measure Overall Stigma (OS). Sample characteristics were examined using descriptive statistics, and the factors affecting stigma were assessed through regression analysis. Results: GPs exhibit significantly higher OS levels than psychiatrists, and present higher scores in the dimensions of dangerousness, parental incompetence, diagnostic overshadowing and responsibility. Besides medical speciality, several other sociodemographic variables were associated with sigma, including age, gender, having a friend with a mental disorder, professional category, agreement that Psychiatry diverges from core medicine and physician’s interest in mental health topics. Conclusions: Our data suggest that both psychiatrists and GPs hold some degree of stigmatizing attitudes towards PDMDs. Overall, these results bring new light to stigma research, and provide information to tailor anti-stigma interventions to Portuguese psychiatrists and GPs.

scholarly journals Relationship Pattern of Personality Disorder Traits in Major Psychiatric Disorders: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 025371762199953
Author(s):  
Bhavneesh Saini ◽  
Pir Dutt Bansal ◽  
Mamta Bahetra ◽  
Arvind Sharma ◽  
Priyanka Bansal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Neurotic Disorders

Background: Normal personality development, gone awry due to genetic or environmental factors, results in personality disorders (PD). These often coexist with other psychiatric disorders, affecting their outcome adversely. Considering the heterogeneity of data, more research is warranted. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study on personality traits in psychiatric patients of a tertiary hospital, over 1 year. Five hundred and twenty-five subjects, aged 18–45 years, with substance, psychotic, mood, or neurotic disorders were selected by convenience sampling. They were evaluated for illness-related variables using psychiatric pro forma; diagnostic confirmation and severity assessment were done using ICD-10 criteria and suitable scales. Personality assessment was done using the International Personality Disorder Examination after achieving remission. Results: Prevalence of PD traits and PDs was 56.3% and 4.2%, respectively. While mood disorders were the diagnostic group with the highest prevalence of PD traits, it was neurotic disorders for PDs. Patients with PD traits had a past psychiatric history and upper middle socioeconomic status (SES); patients with PDs were urban and unmarried. Both had a lower age of onset of psychiatric illness. Psychotic patients with PD traits had higher and lower PANSS positive and negative scores, respectively. The severity of personality pathology was highest for mixed cluster and among neurotic patients. Clusterwise prevalence was cluster C > B > mixed > A (47.1%, 25.2%, 16.7%, and 11.4%). Among subtypes, anankastic (18.1%) and mixed (16.7%) had the highest prevalence. Those in the cluster A group were the least educated and with lower SES than others. Conclusions: PD traits were present among 56.3% of the patients, and they had many significant sociodemographic and illness-related differences from those without PD traits. Cluster C had the highest prevalence. Among patients with psychotic disorders, those with PD traits had higher severity of psychotic symptoms.

scholarly journals Between Punishment and Care: Autonomous Offenders Who Commit Crimes Under the Influence of Mental Disorder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Hartvigsson
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Criminal Responsibility ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Involuntary Treatment ◽  
Psychiatric Condition ◽  
Psychiatric Institutions

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to present a solution to a problem that arises from the fact that people who commit crimes under the influence of serious mental disorders may still have a capacity to refuse treatment. Several ethicists have argued that the present legislation concerning involuntary treatment of people with mental disorder is discriminatory and should change to the effect that psychiatric patients can refuse care on the same grounds as patients in somatic care. However, people with mental disorders who have committed crimes and been exempted from criminal responsibility would then fall outside the scope of criminal justice as well as that of the psychiatric institutions if they were to refuse care. In this paper, I present and develop a solution to how society should deal with this group of people, called Advance criminal responsibility. The basic idea being that if a person with a potentially responsibility exempting psychiatric condition refuses care, that person is responsible for any future criminal acts which are due to the mental disorder.

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