Assessment and treatment of hypersexuality: a review

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Heba Elrafei ◽  
Qutub Jamali
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Primary Diagnosis ◽  
Research Practice ◽  
Hypersexual Disorder ◽  
Pharmacological Management ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Assessment And Treatment

SUMMARY Hypersexuality is defined under various terms in the DSM and ICD diagnostic classifications. However, it can be challenging to differentiate between hypersexuality as one of the symptoms of a mental disorder and hypersexual disorder as a primary diagnosis. In this article, we explore the physiology, assessment and treatment of hypersexual disorder, and consider its aetiology and epidemiology. In addition, we highlight the paucity of evidence in the literature about licensed or specific pharmacological recommendations for its treatment and the poor awareness of hypersexuality in clinical and research practice. Further research is recommended to identify more precise guidance for the pharmacological management of hypersexuality.

scholarly journals Suicide by prisoners

2004 ◽  
Vol 184 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Shaw ◽  
Denise Baker ◽  
Isabelle M. Hunt ◽  
Anne Moloney ◽  
Louis Appleby
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Primary Diagnosis ◽  
Care Staff ◽  
Health Care Staff ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Prison Health ◽  
History Of ◽  
Clinical Survey

BackgroundThe number of suicides in prison has increased over recent years. This is the first study to describe the clinical care of a national sample of prison suicides.AimsTo describe the clinical and social circumstances of self-inflicted deaths among prisoners.MethodA national clinical survey based on a 2-year sample of self-inflicted deaths in prisoners. Detailed clinical and social information was collected from prison governors and prison health care staff.ResultsThere were 172 self-inflicted deaths: 85 (49%; 95% CI 42–57) were of prisoners on remand; 55 (32%; 95% CI 25–39) occurred within 7 days of reception into prison. The commonest method was hanging or self-strangulation (92%; 95% CI 88–96). A total of 110 (72%; 95% CI 65–79) had a history of mental disorder. The commonest primary diagnosis was drug dependence (39, 27%; 95% CI 20–35). Eighty-nine (57%; 95% CI 49–64) had symptoms suggestive of mental disorder at reception into prison.ConclusionsSuicide prevention measures should be concentrated in the period immediately following reception into prison. Because hanging is the commonest method of suicide, removal of potential ligature points from cells should be a priority.

21 Identification and management of delirium in the palliative inpatient unit

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 367.3-367
Author(s):  
Andrew Gill ◽  
Clare Rayment ◽  
Chris Kane
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
List Type ◽  
Acute Confusional State ◽  
Pharmacological Management ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
Inpatient Settings ◽  
Palliative Care Units ◽  
A Prospective Study

IntroductionDelirium is an acute confusional state. The incidence of delirium in palliative care units is estimated between 13% and 42% (Hosie 2014). Delirium is associated with an increase in mortality and length of hospice stay yet it is poorly identified. Up to 50% of cases of delirium are reversible (Lawlor 2000) as such early identification and impeccable assessment and treatment could relieve the suffering.AimTo assess identification and management of delirium in two hospices.MethodsRetrospective notes analysis to identify patients with delirium whether they were coded with a delirium diagnosis and whether the management of delirium followed best practice.Results77 inpatients across two hospices were assessed in one month in 2018. There were 37 episodes of possible delirium only five were coded as delirium none had assessment with a recognised delirium tool. Reversibility was considered for 48 episodes; it was not clear from the documentation that this was all possible reversible causes. Family were kept informed 94% of the time. A management plan was documented for five patients.ConclusionDelirium was being considered but not documented a common problem in medical notes. Documentation of a management plan was poor but when there was a plan best practice was followed with non-pharmacological management then low dose antipsychotic with stronger sedation reserved for terminal agitation. An education feedback loop formal training on delirium and design of an electronic medical record template to prompt the management of delirium is ongoing. Practice will be reassessed three months after this intervention.References. Hosie A, Davidson P, Agar M, et al. Delirium prevalence incidence and implications for screening in specialist palliative care inpatient settings: A systematic review. Palliative Medicine2013;27(6):486–498.. Lawlor P, Gagnon B, Mancini I, et al. Occurrence causes and outcome of delirium in patients with advanced cancer: A prospective study. Archives of Internal Medicine2000;160(6):786–794.

scholarly journals Faculty’s and Postgraduate Students’ Awareness of and Attitudes to Using the Institutional Repository

Mousaion ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nokuphila Saulus ◽  
Stephen Mutula
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Faculty Members ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Research Practice ◽  
Postgraduate Students ◽  
Institutional Repositories ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The University

Institutional repositories (IRs) play an essential role in preserving universities’ intellectual output, enhancing access to research, and increasing the visibility of scholars and their institutions. IRs are therefore expected to be accepted and optimally utilised by scholars. However, the literature reveals that IRs are growing at a slower pace than anticipated, and that it has not been easy to convince faculty members to contribute their work to IRs. Therefore, this study examined the awareness of the faculty and postgraduate students at the University of Swaziland (UNISWA) of their IR, and also assessed their attitudes to using their IR. The study was underpinned by the post-positivist paradigm, and the quantitative research approach was used. The study adopted a survey design with questionnaires administered to the faculty and postgraduate students. The results of the study revealed that most of UNISWA’s faculty knew about the existence of the IR, whereas the majority of the postgraduate students were not aware of it. It was established that the most popular sources of hearing about the IR were colleagues, institutional emails, and seminars and/or workshops. The results further revealed that even though the majority of the faculty was aware of the IR, very few contributed their research. The reasons cited for the poor uptake of the university’s IR included lack of awareness, few or no publications to contribute, and no time to access the IR due to heavy workloads. The faculty and postgraduate students also preferred to be assisted by librarians in archiving content in the IR. The issues discussed in this article have implications for the enhancement of research, practice, and policy in the context of developing countries.

scholarly journals The demands of comorbidity: Implications for the explanation and classification of mental disorder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Amie M. Sinden
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Diagnosis ◽  
Psychiatric Comorbidity ◽  
Causal Models ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
Scientific Challenge ◽  
Epistemological Framework ◽  
Complex Cases

<p>A central goal of psychiatric classification is to assist in the assessment and treatment of those who experience mental disorder. This challenge takes on greater significance in complex cases, especially given the high prevalence of psychiatric comorbidity. High rates of comorbidity also challenge the validity of current psychiatric nosology. Etiological classification has been promoted as an alternative to improve the state of psychiatric diagnosis. However, comorbidity makes specific conceptual, explanatory and methodological demands of any such classification strategy. In this thesis, a demand for coherent and integrative explanation of comorbidity acts as a standard by which to assess the strength of different causal models of mental disorder and their resultant concepts. Integrative pluralism is presented as an epistemological framework well-suited to the complexity of this scientific challenge.</p>

Co-occurring mental disorder and substance use disorder in young people: aetiology, assessment and treatment

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
John Otasowie
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Young People ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Dual Diagnosis ◽  
Treatment Approach ◽  
Healthcare Education ◽  
Life Domains ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
Physical Health Problems

SUMMARY Dual diagnosis is one of several terms used to identify individuals diagnosed with a co-occurring mental disorder and substance use disorder. The existence of a dual diagnosis in adolescents is often associated with functional impairment in various life domains, causing physical health problems, relational conflicts, educational/vocational underachievement and legal problems. Dual diagnosis is difficult to treat and can result in tremendous economic burden on healthcare, education and justice systems. It is essential for clinicians caring for young people to be knowledgeable about dual diagnosis to ensure that it is identified early and treated. This article aims to provide an overview of dual diagnosis, increase its awareness and promote a realistic treatment approach.

scholarly journals Bournewood: Law and capacity

1999 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Devakumar
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Community Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Appeal Court ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Right ◽  
Health Trust

The Law Lords in June 1998 overturned the judgement in the matter of L. v. Bournewood. The Law Lords, on a majority decision, were of the opinion that a compliant incapacitated patient such as L. does not need the formal powers of the Mental Health Act and admission to hospital and subsequent assessment and treatment for mental disorder can be based on the common law principles of necessity. However, this position is quite contrary to the Appeal Court judges' view, “The right of a hospital to detain a patient for treatment for mental disorder is to be found in, and only in, the 1983 Act, whose provisions apply to the exclusion of the common law principle of necessity” (L. v. Bournewood Community Mental Health Trust, 1997).

Describing disorder: The importance and advancement of compositional explanations in psychopathology

2021 ◽  
pp. 095935432110211
Author(s):  
Hannah Hawkins-Elder ◽  
Tony Ward
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Scientific Inquiry ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Research Domain Criteria ◽  
Classification Schemes ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
Historical Accounts ◽  
Research Domain

Understanding the makeup of mental disorders has great value for both research and practice in psychopathology. The richer and more detailed our compositional explanations of mental disorder—that is, comprehensive accounts of client signs and symptoms—the more information we have to inform etiological explanations, classification schemes, clinical assessment, and treatment. However, at present, no explicit compositional explanations of psychopathology have been developed and the existing descriptive accounts that could conceivably fill this role—DSM/ICD syndromes, transdiagnostic and dimensional approaches, symptom network models, historical accounts, case narratives, and the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC)—fall short in critical ways. In this article, we discuss what compositional explanations are, their role in scientific inquiry, and their importance for psychopathology research and practice. We then explain why current descriptive accounts of mental disorder fall short of providing such an explanation and demonstrate how effective compositional explanations could be constructed.

Patients on Warrants of the Lieutenant Governor in Alberta: A Statistical Summary with Comments on Treatment and Release Procedures

1988 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. De St. Croix ◽  
R. Dry ◽  
C.D. Webster
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Hospitals ◽  
Primary Diagnosis ◽  
Criminal Record ◽  
Major Mental Disorder ◽  
Forensic Service ◽  
Gradual Release ◽  
Statistical Summary ◽  
Do So

Files on all 48 Alberta patients under Warrants of the Lieutenant Governor were reviewed in late 1984, early 1985. Few were on Warrant as a result of unfitness to stand trial and all carried a primary diagnosis involving major mental disorder. More than half were considered paranoidal. Two-thirds of the population had killed someone or attempted to do so. Only eight had not previously been inpatients in psychiatric hospitals. Nearly half of the patients offended against relatives. Close to two-thirds had a previous criminal record. The Alberta Hospital's Forensic Service is described as is the province's Board of Review. Two briefcase studies help portray the system of gradual release. The authors comment on the design of services for this group of patients known to be hard to treat and administer.

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