Benefits and barriers to mentoring in psychiatry: a mentee's perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 228-229
Author(s):  
Thomas Hewson ◽  
Emmeline Lagunes-Cordoba ◽  
Derek K. Tracy
Keyword(s):  
Full Potential ◽  
Educational Supervisor

SUMMARYMentoring is becoming increasingly recognised as a tool for supporting the junior workforce and for helping trainees to achieve their full potential. In this article we explore the benefits and barriers to mentoring in psychiatry from a trainee's perspective, and highlight differences between the role of a mentor and clinical and educational supervisor.

Role of long interspersed nuclear element-1 in the regulation of chromatin landscapes and genome dynamics

2021 ◽  
pp. 153537022110312
Author(s):  
Kenneth S Ramos ◽  
Pasano Bojang ◽  
Emma Bowers
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Biology ◽  
Mobile Element ◽  
Cancer Diagnostics ◽  
Regulatory Control ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Genome Dynamics ◽  
Human Illness ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
Stressful Environments

LINE-1 retrotransposon, the most active mobile element of the human genome, is subject to tight regulatory control. Stressful environments and disease modify the recruitment of regulatory proteins leading to unregulated activation of LINE-1. The activation of LINE-1 influences genome dynamics through altered chromatin landscapes, insertion mutations, deletions, and modulation of cellular plasticity. To date, LINE-1 retrotransposition has been linked to various cancer types and may in fact underwrite the genetic basis of various other forms of chronic human illness. The occurrence of LINE-1 polymorphisms in the human population may define inter-individual differences in susceptibility to disease. This review is written in honor of Dr Peter Stambrook, a friend and colleague who carried out highly impactful cancer research over many years of professional practice. Dr Stambrook devoted considerable energy to helping others live up to their full potential and to navigate the complexities of professional life. He was an inspirational leader, a strong advocate, a kind mentor, a vocal supporter and cheerleader, and yes, a hard critic and tough friend when needed. His passionate stand on issues, his witty sense of humor, and his love for humanity have left a huge mark in our lives. We hope that that the knowledge summarized here will advance our understanding of the role of LINE-1 in cancer biology and expedite the development of innovative cancer diagnostics and treatments in the ways that Dr Stambrook himself had so passionately envisioned.

EXPRESS: Effects of Payment on User Engagement in Online Courses

2021 ◽  
pp. 002224372110163
Author(s):  
Ali Goli ◽  
Pradeep K. Chintagunta ◽  
S. Sriram
Keyword(s):  
Online Courses ◽  
Massive Open Online Courses ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
User Engagement ◽  
Sunk Cost ◽  
Course Content ◽  
Sunk Cost Effect ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Cost Effect

Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) have the potential to democratize education by improving access. Although retention and completion rates for non-paying users have not been promising, these statistics are much brighter for users who pay to receive a certificate upon completing the course. We investigate whether paying for the certificate option can increase engagement with course content. In particular, we consider two such effects: (a) the certificate effect, which is the boost in motivation to stay engaged in order to receive the certificate; and (b) the sunk-cost effect, which arises solely because the user paid for the course. We use data from over 70 courses offered on the Coursera platform and study the engagement of individual participants at different milestones within each course. The panel nature of the data enables us to include controls for intrinsic differences between non-paying and paying users in terms of their desire to stay engaged. We find evidence that the certificate and sunk-cost effects increase user engagement by approximately 8%-9%, and 17%-20%, respectively. However, whereas the sunk-cost effect is transient and lasts only for a few weeks after payment, the certificate effect lasts until the participant reaches the grade required to be eligible to receive the certificate. We discuss the implications of our findings for how platforms and content creators may want to design course milestones and schedule the payment of course fees. Given that greater engagement tends to improve learning outcomes, our study serves as an important first step in understanding the role of prices and payment in enabling MOOCs to realize their full potential.

scholarly journals What is in a Viral Stock: Perspectives and Current Limitations of Flow Virometry

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy K. Soh ◽  
Jens B. Bosse
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Multiple Objects ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Viral Particles ◽  
Viral Stock ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Unique Capability

Herpesviruses produce a plethora of pleomorphic and heterogeneous particle populations. The composition and biological role of these is not understood. Detailed analysis has been challenging due to the lack of multidimensional identification and purification methodologies. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), originally developed to sort objects with at least ten thousand-fold larger volumes, has recently been applied to cellular exosomes as well as viral particles and has been dubbed nanoscale flow cytometry or “flow virometry”. In comparison to other nanoparticles, herpesvirus concentrations can be measured with high precision using simple culturing methods. Here, we used this unique capability to evaluate a standard FACS sorter. We demonstrate that detection and separation capabilities were insufficient to distinguish infectious fluorescent viral populations from populations lacking fluorescence and infectivity. Moreover, fluorescent populations did not contain single virus particles but mostly aggregates. On top, analysis of viral samples by flow cytometry was confounded by swarm detection, as multiple objects are measured simultaneously and interpreted as a single object. Despite these technical difficulties, comparison of crude supernatant to gradient purified HCMV revealed that infectious virus is a minor proportion of the particles released from infected cells. Our data stress the need for a set of standardized controls and protocols when applying FACS to biological nanoparticles and highlights technical challenges that need to be solved before flow virometry can achieve its full potential.

Leaders or “Guides” of Public Opinion? The Media Role of Chinese Foreign Policy Experts

Modern China ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 009770041988273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascal Abb
Keyword(s):  
Media Coverage ◽  
Chinese Foreign Policy ◽  
Policy Outcomes ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Think Tank ◽  
Chinese Media ◽  
Public Expectations ◽  
The Media ◽  
International Issues

This article explores the growing role of think tank experts in Chinese media coverage on international issues and determines the degree to which voices in this spectrum diverge from each other as well as the official line espoused by China’s central media organs. It combines a large-sample sentiment analysis of commentaries published by three major institutes that have developed significant public profiles with an in-depth discussion of selected pieces written by especially prolific experts. Based on the results, I argue that Chinese expert commenters sometimes enrich media coverage and show a substantial variety in opinions among them, but prevailing political constraints, skewed incentives, and a slanted media environment keep them from realizing their full potential as public intellectuals. This limits their usefulness both for improving policy outcomes and for managing public expectations about China’s rise.

Assessing the Role of the IMF in Fragile States

2021 ◽  
pp. 521-547
Author(s):  
Charles Collyns ◽  
Kevin Kuruc ◽  
Shinji Takagi
Keyword(s):  
Full Potential ◽  
Fragile States ◽  
Sustained Development ◽  
Independent Evaluation ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
Program Engagement ◽  
Recent Evaluation ◽  
The Imf

This chapter presents an assessment of the IMF’s role in countries in fragile and conflict-affected situations, drawing primarily on the findings of a recent evaluation report by the Independent Evaluation Office. The IMF is widely acknowledged to have made significant contributions to helping build core economic policy institutions, achieve macroeconomic stability, and promote macro-critical reforms in these countries. Quantitative analyses based on a “dynamic” list of fragile states suggest that the IMF’s program engagement has been positively associated with increased tax revenue, higher GDP growth, and greater official aid inflows. Even so, the IMF’s business model, focused on short-term macroeconomic stabilization, has a tendency to treat fragile states like any other country and does not always fit well with their long-term sustained development needs. The chapter argues that the IMF’s support for fragile states has yet to achieve its full potential and identifies areas where effectiveness can be strengthened.

General Strain Theory

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Brezina
Keyword(s):  
General Strain Theory ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Strain Theory ◽  
Learning Theories ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Theory Of Crime ◽  
Crime And Delinquency ◽  
General Strain

General strain theory (GST) provides a unique explanation of crime and delinquency. In contrast to control and learning theories, GST focuses explicitly on negative treatment by others and is the only major theory of crime and delinquency to highlight the role of negative emotions in the etiology of offending. According to GST, the experience of strain or stress tends to generate negative emotions such as anger, frustration, depression, and despair. These negative emotions, in turn, are said to create pressures for corrective action, with crime or delinquency being one possible response. GST was designed, in part, to address criticisms leveled against previous versions of strain theory. Earlier versions of strain theory have been criticized for focusing on a narrow range of possible strains, for their inability to explain why only some strained individuals resort to crime or delinquency, and for limited empirical support. GST has been partly successful in overcoming these limitations. Since its inception, the theory has received a considerable amount of attention from researchers, has enjoyed a fair amount of empirical support, and has been credited with helping to revitalize the strain theory tradition. The full potential of GST has yet to be realized, however, as the theory continues to evolve and further testing is required.

The potential role of nurses in leading positive behaviour support

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 414-418
Author(s):  
Darren Savarimuthu
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Clinical Psychologists ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Service Users ◽  
Challenging Behaviour ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Positive Behaviour Support

Positive behaviour support (PBS) has become the preferred intervention in the management of challenging behaviour in learning disability and mental health services. However, there is an absence of literature on nurses' views and experience of PBS. Nurses are passive in PBS plan development while other professionals, such as clinical psychologists, often take the lead. While nurses see clinical psychologists as experts in PBS, they feel this could create a barrier that hinders its full potential and a more multidisciplinary approach would be beneficial. Nurses could take a pivotal role in delivering PBS plans if they were able to take a leading role, and this would benefit service users as nurses work far more closely with them than other professionals.

scholarly journals Innovative Use of mHealth and Clinical Technology for Oncology Clinical Trials in Africa

2020 ◽  
pp. 948-953
Author(s):  
Miriam Mutebi ◽  
Rohini Bhatia ◽  
Omolola Salako ◽  
Fidel Rubagumya ◽  
Surbhi Grover ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Middle Income Country ◽  
Disruptive Technology ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Oncology Clinical Trials ◽  
Health Related ◽  
African Context

Utilization of clinical technology and mobile health (mHealth) is expanding globally. It is important to reflect on how their usage and application could translate in low- and middle-income country (LMIC) settings. With the exponential growth and advancements of mobile and wireless technologies, LMICs are prime to adapt such technologies to potentially democratize and create solutions to health-related challenges. The role of these technologies in oncology clinical trials continues to expand. The lure of mHealth promises disruptive technology that may change the way clinical trials are designed and conducted in many settings. Its applicability in the African context is currently under consideration. Although potentially of expanding benefit, the role of these technologies requires careful and nuanced evaluation of the context in which they might be applied to harness their full potential, while mitigating possible harms or preventing further deepening of disparities within populations. Moreover, technology and digital innovations are no substitute for poor referral pathways and dysfunctional health systems and can only complement or enhance definite strategies aimed at strengthening these health systems.

scholarly journals Emergence of Three Dimensional Printed Cardiac Tissue: Opportunities and Challenges in Cardiovascular Diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 188-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nitin B. Charbe ◽  
Flavia C. Zacconi ◽  
Nikhil Amnerkar ◽  
Dinesh Pardhi ◽  
Priyank Shukla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Interdisciplinary Collaboration ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Heterogeneous Material ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Therapeutic Outcomes

Three-dimensional (3D) printing, also known as additive manufacturing, was developed originally for engineering applications. Since its early advancements, there has been a relentless development in enthusiasm for this innovation in biomedical research. It allows for the fabrication of structures with both complex geometries and heterogeneous material properties. Tissue engineering using 3D bio-printers can overcome the limitations of traditional tissue engineering methods. It can match the complexity and cellular microenvironment of human organs and tissues, which drives much of the interest in this technique. However, most of the preliminary evaluations of 3Dprinted tissues and organ engineering, including cardiac tissue, relies extensively on the lessons learned from traditional tissue engineering. In many early examples, the final printed structures were found to be no better than tissues developed using traditional tissue engineering methods. This highlights the fact that 3D bio-printing of human tissue is still very much in its infancy and more work needs to be done to realise its full potential. This can be achieved through interdisciplinary collaboration between engineers, biomaterial scientists and molecular cell biologists. This review highlights current advancements and future prospects for 3D bio-printing in engineering ex vivo cardiac tissue and associated vasculature, such as coronary arteries. In this context, the role of biomaterials for hydrogel matrices and choice of cells are discussed. 3D bio-printing has the potential to advance current research significantly and support the development of novel therapeutics which can improve the therapeutic outcomes of patients suffering fatal cardiovascular pathologies.

Use of artificial tree hollows by Australian birds and bats

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross L. Goldingay ◽  
Jane R. Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Management Program ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Target Species ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
Tree Hollows ◽  
Australian Birds ◽  
Independent Test ◽  
Management Context

Artificial tree hollows (nest or roost boxes) may be of considerable importance to the conservation and management of Australian hollow-using birds and microbats. This is suggested by recognition that the rate of collapse of hollow-bearing trees may exceed replacement in some landscapes. We review the published literature to synthesise current information on the use of artificial hollows by Australian birds and bats, and to provide guidance to future research and management. The use of artificial hollows has been documented in some detail for 15 native bird and eight microbat species. A range of hollow designs has been employed but there is a limited understanding of favoured designs. General designs (e.g. front-entry plywood boxes) have been used extensively by some species and should continue to be used until more effective designs are identified. Species tend to use artificial hollows that have entrance sizes just sufficient for their body size, and this should guide hollow design. Competitive interactions with a range of non-target species (native and non-native) may have a pronounced influence on artificial hollow use and must be considered in any management program involving artificial hollows. We highlight some design elements that may reduce interference by non-target species. Temperature inside artificial hollows may have a particular influence on their use by bats due to the role of microclimate in bat thermoregulation. Trials are needed to investigate this factor and to inform general approaches to positioning of artificial hollows. Several distinct management uses exist for artificial hollows, including assisting threatened species recovery, e.g. Kangaroo Island glossy black-cockatoo (Calyptorhynchus lathami halmaturinus) and orange-bellied parrot (Neophema chrysogaster). Artificial hollows offer an interim solution to hollow shortage but their full potential will only be realised when preferences for different designs are better understood. This will require a commitment to monitoring and should be conducted in an adaptive management context. Increased knowledge of the use of artificial hollows by Australian birds and bats should be of global relevance to the management of hollow-using species because it provides an independent test of ideas and strengthens any generalisations.

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