scholarly journals Sleep disorders in children and adolescents†

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory Stores
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Illness ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Sleep Medicine ◽  
Child And Adolescent Psychiatry ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Contributory Factor ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryDisordered sleep has long been recognised as both a consequence of psychiatric illness and a contributory factor to its development. Significant sleep disturbance occurs in about 25% of children and adolescents and 80% or more of children in high-risk groups; it often continues into adulthood. All psychiatrists should therefore be familiar with the principles of sleep medicine and the impact of sleep and its disorders. In this article, the relationship between sleep disorders and the breadth of child and adolescent psychiatry in particular is explored. The classification, aetiology and implications of sleep disorders are discussed, as well as the practicalities of screening, diagnosis and management, with a view to informing readers how accurate diagnosis, prevention and successful treatment of sleep disorders can benefit patients and their families.

The association of psychiatric and neurological comorbidities with outcomes in traumatic injury patients

2021 ◽  
pp. 009121742198914
Author(s):  
Jennifer Brady ◽  
R David Hayward ◽  
Elango Edhayan
Keyword(s):  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Psychiatric Illness ◽  
Traumatic Injury ◽  
Lower Mortality ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Psychiatric Comorbidities ◽  
Trauma Outcomes ◽  
Hospital Stays ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction Mental illness is a well-known risk factor for injury and injury recidivism. The impact of pre-existing psychiatric illness on trauma outcomes, however, has received less attention. Our study examines the relationship of pre-existing psychiatric illness on trauma outcomes including length of stay, cost, and mortality. Methods Patient data were obtained from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project’s State Inpatient Database. All patients admitted for trauma in the Detroit metropolitan area from 1/1/2006 to 12/31/2014 were included. The relationship between individual psychiatric comorbidities (depression, psychosis, and other neurological disorders) and outcomes were evaluated with logistic regression (mortality) and generalized linear modeling (length of stay and cost). Results Over 260,000 records were reviewed. Approximately one-third (29.9%) of patients had one or more psychiatric diagnoses. Patients with depression had longer hospital stays (RR = 1.12, p < 0.001) and higher costs (RR = 1.07, p < 0.001), but also lower mortality (OR = 0.69, p < 0.001). Patients with psychosis had longer stays (RR = 1.18, p < 0.001), higher costs (RR = 1.02, p = 0.002), and lower mortality (OR = 0.61, p < 0.001). Patients with other neurological comorbidities had higher mortality (OR = 1.23, p < 0.001), longer stays (RR = 1.29, p < 0.001), and higher costs (RR = 1.10, p < 0.001). Conclusion Patients with a psychiatric disorder required longer care and incurred greater costs, whereas mortality was higher for only those with a neurological disorder. Identifying patients’ psychiatric comorbidities at the time of admission for trauma may help optimize treatment. Addressing these conditions may help reduce the cost of trauma care.

Life Events and Psychiatric Disorder: the Role of a Natural Disaster

1987 ◽  
Vol 151 (3) ◽  
pp. 362-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander C. McFarlane
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Psychiatric Illness ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Health Questionnaire ◽  
Fire Fighters ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Examining the impact of natural disasters on psychological health provides an opportunity to study the role played by extreme adversity in the onset of psychiatric disorder. Four hundred and sixty-nine fire-fighters who had been intensely exposed to an Australian bushfire disaster completed a detailed inventory of their experiences four months later. They also completed a brief life events schedule and the 12-item General Health Questionnaire. Only 9% of the GHQ score variance could be accounted for by the disaster and other life events; the effects of the disaster appeared to be separate and additive. This is similar to the relationship between life events and psychiatric illness found in other settings. It is suggested that vulnerability is a more important factor in breakdown than the degree of stress experienced.

scholarly journals DURATION AND QUALITY OF SLEEP OF THE VOLOGDA OBLAST POPULATION: RISK CATEGORIES, FACTORS OF DISTURBANCE AND IMPACT ON HEALTH

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 173-194
Author(s):  
Alexandra V. Korolenko
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Quality Of Sleep ◽  
Vologda Oblast ◽  
Falling Asleep ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Risk Categories

Healthy sleep is not only the most important source of restoring the body's strength, but also a way to overcome traumatic events and stress, as well as a resource for the effective functioning of the human nervous system. Many studies confirm the relationship between the duration and quality of sleep and the health status of the population. At the same time, in modern conditions, socio-demographic characteristics of the population are of great importance in determining sleep. The main sleep disorders are recognized not only as a reduction in its duration, but also as a deterioration in quality (problems with falling asleep, a feeling of unreconstructed strength). The purpose of this article is to study the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of sleep in the population (including in the context of the main socio-demographic groups), the prevalence of factors of its disorders and their impact on subjective health assessments. The information base was data from monitoring of physical health of the Vologda oblast population in 2020 (n = 1500). The study identified risk categories for quantitative and qualitative sleep disorders; confirmed the relationship of stress factors, noise pollution and poor housing conditions with the frequency of sleep disorders; proved the impact of sleep problems on self-assessment of health.

scholarly journals The impact of menopause on sleep disorders

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Luiza Franco de Oliveira ◽  
Maria Clara Lopes Rezende ◽  
Júlia Campos Fabri ◽  
Maria Julia Filgueiras Granato ◽  
Leandro Vespoli Campos
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Hot Flashes ◽  
Vasomotor Symptoms ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Health Objective

Introduction: Sleep disorders are one of the main complaints of women in transition from menopause, with a prevalence between 40% and 56%. However, regardless of the etiology, it is essential to assess the symptoms of insomnia in the context of menopause, as well as physical and mental health. Objective: To investigate the relationship between the transition from menopause to the causes of insomnia. Methodology: In April 2021, a literature review was carried out on MedLine using the descriptors “insomnia”, “menopause” and their respective synonyms, published in the last 5 years and available in full. Results: 157 articles were found, 4 of which were used in making this work. The precise mechanism of vasomotor symptoms is little known, but the hypothesis is that it results from a disturbance of the temperature regulating system in the hypothalamus, triggered by a decline in estrogen. Longitudinal data show that women with moderate to severe hot flashes are almost three times more likely to report frequent nighttime awakenings compared to women without hot flashes (HF). Conclusion: Therefore, HF is an important aspect of insomnia in the transition from menopause and is strongly associated with reports of interrupted sleep.

scholarly journals 1183 Board-certified Sleep Medicine Physicians See A Greater Proportion Of Complex Sleep Patients Than Non-specialist Providers

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A452-A452
Author(s):  
S L Jobe ◽  
J S Albrecht ◽  
S M Scharf ◽  
A M Johnson ◽  
S Parthasarathy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Sleep Disorder ◽  
Sleep Medicine ◽  
Board Certification ◽  
Administrative Claims ◽  
Medicare Beneficiaries ◽  
Sleep Complaints ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction Despite a growing literature regarding the impact of board-certification in sleep medicine, little is known about the complexity of patients seen by board-certified sleep medicine physicians (BCSMPs) relative to non-specialists. To address this gap, the purpose of the current study was to evaluate the differences in sleep complaints among Medicare beneficiaries seen by BCSMPs relative to individuals seen by non-specialists. Methods Our data source was a random 5% sample of Medicare administrative claims data from 2006-2013. Sleep disorders were operationalized using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes. Descriptive analyses were performed to estimate the number of sleep disorder diagnoses patients received by provider status. BCSMPs were identified using a cross-matching procedure based on National Provider Identifier (NPI). Results A total of 57,209 Medicare beneficiaries received a sleep disorder diagnosis between 2006-2013. Of these, only 2.2% were seen by BCSMPs. Relative to beneficiaries seen by non-specialists, those seen by BCSMPs were more likely to be diagnosed with more than one sleep disorder (p&lt;0.001). Specifically, 91.0% of individuals seen by non-specialists received only one sleep disorder diagnosis, whereas 75.9% of individuals seen by BCSMPs received only one sleep disorder diagnosis. Among beneficiaries seen by non-specialists, the most common sleep disorders were insomnia (48.2%; n=26,967), obstructive sleep apnea (OSA; 31.4%; n=17,554), and restless legs syndrome (8.7%; n=4,871). Among those seen by BCSMPs, the most common sleep disorders were OSA, (70.4%; n=901), sleep apnea with hypersomnia (16.5%; n=211), and insomnia (11.7%; n=150). Conclusion BCSMPs see more complex sleep patients than do non-specialists. These results suggest the possibility that more complex patients are referred for sleep specialty care. Further, these results demonstrate the value of board certification in sleep medicine in caring for complex sleep patients. Support This research was supported by an AASM Strategic Research Award from the AASM Foundation to the University of Maryland, Baltimore (PI: EMW).

scholarly journals Children and adolescents in front of screens: a paradigm shift in the relationship and mediation model

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 353-365
Author(s):  
Miguel Ángel Ortiz Sobrino ◽  
Carmen Marta Lazo ◽  
José Antonio Gabelas Barroso
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Mediation Model ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Group Relationships ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This paper reviews the major theories and research that analyze the relationship between children and screens. In addition, the agents which act as mediators that help children in the interpretation of the messages are considered. As a conclusion, it is observed that the new forms of multiscreen access used by children and adolescents have developed new consumption styles and that information and communication technologies (ICT) have resulted in new styles of interpersonal and group relationships. The impact of the multiscreen society should be analyzed in light of the role played by different mediators and by educommunication.

scholarly journals Determinants of student’s MVPA level in school and neighborhood environment changing with age: a 12-month follow-up study in Ningxia province

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Huang ◽  
Xiangrong Shi ◽  
Yujie Wang ◽  
Xiaoling Li ◽  
Pengpeng Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Neighborhood Environment ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Sports Events ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background The benefits of physical activity have been identified in children and adolescents. However, the prevalence of physical inactivity in school-aged children and adolescents was high in China. Most time of students spends in neighborhood and school, and these play an important role in student’s MVPA level. Therefore, we will investigate the impact of implementing the national health promotion policy on PA behavior in school-aged children and adolescents and the effects that influence the changes in PA behavior in this study. Methods This is a longitudinal study with a 12-month follow-up. The study sample came from 2016 and 2017 Physical Activity and Fitness in China—The Youth Study, total 1611 students (aged 7–18 years) from 31 primary, junior high, and high schools were included in this study. The physical and social environment in school and neighborhood were measured by questionnaire at baseline and after 12 months. Multiple logistic regression was used to examine the relationship of influential factors and moderate- and vigorous MVPA. Results There is no significant difference in MVPA level between 2016 and 2017. Student’s attitudes to PA, neighborhood facilities, and organizations were improved significantly after 12 months. The influential factors changed after 12 months. In 2016 the top three contributors were attitude to MVPA(OR 3.08 with 95% CL 1.22, 7.76), neighborhood PA facilities(OR 1.52, 95% CL 1.24, 1.86) and age(OR 1.38, 95% CL 1.13, 1.69), and in 2017 the top three factors were student’s attitude to PA(OR 4.28, 95%CL 1.788,10.245), school extra time for PA(OR 2.29, 95% CL 1.56, 3.36) and the frequency of sports events in neighborhood(OR 1.84, 95% CL 1.34, 2.53). Conclusions The single health policy is not effective for student’s MVPA promotion. There may be some factors mediate the relationship between neighborhood environment and MVPA level with age and grade increasing. In the future, more studies are needed to explore the change of influential factors and mediators with age. The findings of this study may provide some evidence for future policy-making.

scholarly journals Is Myelodysplasia a Consequence of Normal Aging?

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonja Heibl ◽  
Reinhard Stauder ◽  
Michael Pfeilstöcker
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Stem Cell Niche ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Premature Aging ◽  
Cell Niche ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Purpose of Review To review available data on the relationship of MDS and aging and to address the question if biological changes of (premature) aging are a prerequisite for the development of MDS. Recent Findings Whereas the association of MDS with advanced age and some common biologic features of aging and MDS are well established, additional evidence for both, especially on the role of stem cells, the stem cell niche, and inflammation, has been recently described. Summary Biologically, many but not all drivers of aging also play a role in the development and propagation of MDS and vice versa. As a consequence, aging contributes to the development of MDS which can be seen as an interplay of clonal disease and normal and premature aging. The impact of aging may be different in specific MDS subtypes and risk groups.

scholarly journals Puberty could regulate the effects of outdoor time on refractive development in Chinese children and adolescents

2020 ◽  
pp. bjophthalmol-2019-315636
Author(s):  
Jingjing Wang ◽  
Tianyu Cheng ◽  
Bo Zhang ◽  
Shuyu Xiong ◽  
Huijuan Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Axial Length ◽  
Chinese Children ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Refractive Development ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Length Changes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Chinese Children And Adolescents

AimTo explore the impact of puberty on refractive development and its interaction with outdoor time in children and adolescents.MethodsIn this 2-year observational study, students aged 7–13 years were selected with cluster sampling. All participants underwent cycloplegic refraction and axial length measurements once every year. Information of related factors was acquired through proper questionnaire or inquiry. The level of testosterone/estradiol was detected from the saliva of the subjects using the ELISA kit. Multiple linear regression and generalised estimating equation (GEE) were used to analyse the relationship among puberty, outdoor activities and refractive indicators.ResultsA total of 776 children and adolescents were included, with an average baseline age of 9.64±1.54 years and 53.6% boys. There were 350 myopes (55.2% of the 634 cyclopleged subjects) at baseline. There was a significant difference in the mean axial length changes and outdoor time among different puberty groups (for axial length: p=0.017, for outdoor time: p=0.015). Myopic parents, less outdoor time and more changes in estradiol were associated with greater changes in axial length and spherical equivalent (SE) (axial length changes: parental myopia β=0.230, outdoor time β=−0.250, changes in estradiol β=0.261; SE changes: parental myopia β=−0.267, outdoor time β=0.256, changes in estradiol β=−0.297). In the GEE model, the interaction between outdoor time and puberty was significantly associated with axial length (p=0.024, β=1.199).ConclusionsThis study implies puberty may play a regulating role on the relationship between outdoor time and refractive development among Chinese children and adolescents, which provides clues for in-depth mechanism interpretation and efficient intervention strategies.

scholarly journals The Impact of a Stuttering Disorder on Western Australian Children and Adolescents

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet M. Beilby ◽  
Michelle L. Byrnes ◽  
J. Scott Yaruss
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Adverse Impact ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Western Australian

In this study, we examined the impact of a stuttering disorder on children (n=50) and adolescents (n=45) living in Western Australia. We compared the reactions and experiences of children and adolescents who stutter to children and adolescents who do not stutter. We compared the participants who stuttered and the fluent participants using adapted versions of the Overall Assessment of the Speaker’s Experience of Stuttering (OASES). We also examined the relationship between biopsychosocial impact and stuttered speech frequency. We saw higher levels of adverse impact in young people who stuttered compared to their fluent peers. In addition, we found moderate correlations between OASES scores and stuttered speech frequency in children. These findings provided a baseline for establishing the degree of negative impact that a stuttering disorder may bring about in children and adolescents. The experiences of young people who stuttered were significantly different from the experiences of young people who were typically fluent. These findings reinforce the notion that stuttering is a disorder that can lead to negative impact for young people.

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