scholarly journals Classification of psychiatric disorders in childhood and adolescence: building castles in the sand?

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Scott
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Plan ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Diagnostic Systems ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
The Difference

A classification system can benefit disturbed children enormously by bringing to bear a wealth of knowledge and experience. This can make all the difference between an inadequate consultation and a precise formulation of the nature and extent of a child's difficulties, their cause, the likely outcome and a realistic treatment plan. However, inappropriate application of a diagnostic label that has little validity could do more harm than good, and classification systems can be misused. This paper discusses, with examples, issues particular to childhood and adolescence that diagnostic systems need to address if they are to be useful. It considers different solutions applied by the two most widely used schemes, the International Classification of Diseases (ICD–10; World Heath Organization, 1992) and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM–IV; American Psychiatric Association, 1994). Finally, the types of criteria used to validate categories are discussed.

scholarly journals Diagnostic classification of psychiatric disorders and familial-genetic research

1999 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-196
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Icd 10

The validity of diagnostic definitions in psychiatry is directly related to the extent to which their etiology can be specified. However, since detailed knowledge of causal or susceptibility factors is lacking for most psychiatric disorders with a known or suspected familial-genetic origin, the current widely accepted classification systems largely fail to achieve this ideal. To illustrate this problem, this paper looks at the difficulties posed by the criteria for schizophrenia as laid down in the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision (ICD-10) and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition, Revised (DSM-III-R), and highlights the discrepancies between the majority of diagnostic boundaries and the various phenotype aggregation patterns observed in family studies. Progress in our understanding of psychiatric disorders requires to be firmly based on the findings of epidemiological studies as well as on a clear appreciation of the limitations of classification tools.

The current classification of bipolar disorders

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gin S. Malhi ◽  
Yulisha Byrow
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Bipolar Disorders ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Draft Version

The current chapter describes and critically appraises the diagnosis of bipolar disorders in relation to widely used classification systems; namely, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th edition) (DSM-5) and the International Classification of Diseases (10th revision) (ICD-10). In addition, it overviews the diagnostic criteria in relation to the draft version of ICD-11. Patients with bipolar disorder experience extreme fluctuations in mood ranging from depression to mania and, because of the complex nature of the illness, diagnosis remains a clinical challenge. Recent iterations of DSM and ICD have attempted to harmonize taxonomy; however, notable differences remain. These differences are likely to impact the assessment and diagnosis of bipolar disorder and could potentially result in disparate epidemiological findings. Thus, practitioners and researchers alike need to apply careful clinical consideration when assessing those with bipolar disorder.

scholarly journals Validity of nosological classification

1999 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-190
Keyword(s):  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Medical Classification ◽  
Dsm Iv

The term "nosological classification" is often used in connection with medical classification systems, and the tendency is to equate it with "diagnosis" and "validity." However, particularly in the case of psychiatry this is far from always being the case. From a scientific point of view, the two most up-to-date classification systems in use today - the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV), and the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10) - may be considered as the theoretical basis of current psychiatric nosology. In this paper we show that the instrumentally generated DSM-IV or ICD-10 diagnoses of schizophrenia have relatively low validity in comparison with clinician expert diagnoses. If medical classification is to be realistic, simple to use, and reliable, nosological systems must be based not only on established facts, but also on theoretical assumptions regarding the nature of disease.

Comparison of Alcohol Use Disorders in DSM and ICD

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-153
Author(s):  
Jessica W. M. Wong ◽  
Friedrich M. Wurst ◽  
Ulrich W. Preuss
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use Disorders ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Diagnostic Systems ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Historical Developments

Abstract. Introduction: With advances in medicine, our understanding of diseases has deepened and diagnostic criteria have evolved. Currently, the most frequently used diagnostic systems are the ICD (International Classification of Diseases) and the DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) to diagnose alcohol-related disorders. Results: In this narrative review, we follow the historical developments in ICD and DSM with their corresponding milestones reflecting the scientific research and medical considerations of their time. The current diagnostic concepts of DSM-5 and ICD-11 and their development are presented. Lastly, we compare these two diagnostic systems and evaluate their practicability in clinical use.

Angststörungen – von der ICD-10 zur ICD-11

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Timo D. Vloet ◽  
Marcel Romanos
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
International Classification ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Icd 10

Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund: Nach 12 Jahren Entwicklung wird die 11. Version der International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) von der Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO) im Januar 2022 in Kraft treten. Methodik: Im Rahmen eines selektiven Übersichtsartikels werden die Veränderungen im Hinblick auf die Klassifikation von Angststörungen von der ICD-10 zur ICD-11 zusammenfassend dargestellt. Ergebnis: Die diagnostischen Kriterien der generalisierten Angststörung, Agoraphobie und spezifischen Phobien werden angepasst. Die ICD-11 wird auf Basis einer Lebenszeitachse neu organisiert, sodass die kindesaltersspezifischen Kategorien der ICD-10 aufgelöst werden. Die Trennungsangststörung und der selektive Mutismus werden damit den „regulären“ Angststörungen zugeordnet und können zukünftig auch im Erwachsenenalter diagnostiziert werden. Neu ist ebenso, dass verschiedene Symptomdimensionen der Angst ohne kategoriale Diagnose verschlüsselt werden können. Diskussion: Die Veränderungen im Bereich der Angsterkrankungen umfassen verschiedene Aspekte und sind in der Gesamtschau nicht unerheblich. Positiv zu bewerten ist die Einführung einer Lebenszeitachse und Parallelisierung mit dem Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). Schlussfolgerungen: Die entwicklungsbezogene Neuorganisation in der ICD-11 wird auch eine verstärkte längsschnittliche Betrachtung von Angststörungen in der Klinik sowie Forschung zur Folge haben. Damit rückt insbesondere die Präventionsforschung weiter in den Fokus.

The Typology of Personality Disorders — Diagnostic Problems and Their Relevance for Suicidal Behavior

Crisis ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Bronisch
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Psychological Autopsy ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Methodological Problems

Personality disorders (PD) play an important role in clinical psychiatry. The typologies of personality disorders (PDs) found in different classification systems, such as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) and the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), are quite congruent. There are many methodological problems with reliability and validity of the diagnosis of PD. However, having a typology seems to be very helpful. Recent psychological autopsy studies reported that about one third of suicide victims met the criteria for a PD. Antisocial PD, borderline PD, narcissistic PD, and depressive PD in particular were often clinically associated with suicidal behavior.

scholarly journals ICD and DSM: neuroplasticity and staging are still missing

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 276-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Pallanti
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Clinical Staging ◽  
Diagnostic Systems ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Core Concepts ◽  
First Editions

The two main diagnostic systems, the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), have undergone a number of revisions since their first editions: whereas the fifth edition of the DSM has been published in 2013, the eleventh revision of the ICD is expected by 2018. Although the process of harmonization between the 2 systems is still a debated topic, the forthcoming revision of the ICD is seemingly converging toward the DSM approach in regard to the reclassification of a number of disorders. Nevertheless, the 2 systems still exhibit considerable differences, partly due to their different purposes, development and revision processes, and target audiences. Furthermore, while alternative and innovative classification approaches are emerging with the aim of integrating the latest findings from neuroscience and genomics, both the DSM and ICD still fail to incorporate core concepts such as the clinical staging of psychiatric disorders and “neuroprogression,” as well as an adequate consideration of endophenotypes.

Eating disorders

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 304-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Erzegovesi ◽  
Laura Bellodi
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Feeding And Eating Disorders ◽  
Not Otherwise Specified ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Icd 10

Twenty years have passed from the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) and, in the meanwhile, a lot of research data about eating disorders has been published. This article reviews the main modifications to the classification of eating disorders reported in the “Feeding and Eating Disorders” chapter of the DSM-5, and compares them with the ICD-10 diagnostic guidelines. Particularly, we will show that DSM-5 criteria widened the diagnoses of anorexia and bulimia nervosa to less severe forms (so decreasing the frequency of Eating Disorders, Not Otherwise Specified (EDNOS) diagnoses), introduced the new category of Binge Eating Disorder, and incorporated several feeding disorders that were first diagnosed in infancy, childhood, or adolescence. On the whole, the DSM-5 revision should allow the clinician to make more reliable and timely diagnoses for eating disorders.

The Death of Histrionic Personality Disorder

2012 ◽  
pp. 602-627
Author(s):  
Roger K. Blashfield ◽  
Shannon M. Reynolds ◽  
Bethany Stennett
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Journal Literature ◽  
Histrionic Personality Disorder ◽  
Text Revision ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Icd 10

Histrionic personality disorder (HPD) is a diagnosis in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, text revision (DSM-IV-TR) and the International Classification of Diseases, tenth edition (ICD-10). The first section of this chapter defines HPD and discusses its history, starting with hysteria. The emphasis of this section is the documentation that HPD is a dying disorder that has generated little clinical or research interest as shown by the small empirical journal literature and the minimal textbook coverage. The second section of the chapter discusses the issues associated with the demise of HPD. These issues are (1) the belief that HPD is a sex-biased diagnosis, (2) the apparent failure of HPD to carve out a descriptively unique syndrome, (3) the associated loss of influence of psychoanalytic thinking in psychiatry and psychology, and (4) current efforts to overhaul the personality disorders in the upcoming DSM-5 by introducing a hybrid model and deleting categorical diagnoses with less clinical and/or empirical support.

Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10 and Beyond (ICD-11)

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (S1) ◽  
pp. 29-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Zaudig
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
International Classification ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Related Approach ◽  
Dsm Iv

“A classification is the reification of an ideological position, of an accepted stand of theory and knowledge. It means creating, defining or confirming boundaries of concepts. These in turn define ourselves, our future and our past…” (Sartorius, 1991). The 10th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10), Chapter V on Mental and Behavioral Disorders (World Healthorganization [WHO], 1992, 1993), and the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV; American Psychiatric Association, 1994) have been adapted to the current clinical and scientific knowledge of mental disorders. Because ICD-10 has adapted the primarily descriptive and criteria-related approach from DSM-111, the general structures of both classifications are quite similar. However, complete congruency between ICD-10 and DSM-IV has not yet been reached.

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