Introduction to this special section: Seismic imaging below complex overburdens

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 322-323
Author(s):  
Eric Duveneck ◽  
Michael Kiehn
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Model Building ◽  
Seismic Imaging ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Special Section ◽  
Shallow Gas ◽  
Imaging Algorithm ◽  
Model Acquisition

Despite decades of technology development and experience, seismic imaging below complex overburdens, such as salt bodies, basalt flows, or shallow gas accumulations, remains a challenge. For successful imaging in such settings, a number of key elements need to be in place: the overburden complexity needs to be properly captured and represented in the subsurface model (acquisition/model building), the target below the complex overburden needs to be sufficiently well illuminated (acquisition), and, finally, the target needs to be properly imaged through the complex overburden (imaging algorithm). All of these elements are discussed in the papers collected in this special section, which consists of contributions that demonstrate recent technology developments as well as insightful case studies that show how the different elements come together to make a successful imaging project.

Introduction to this special section: Full-waveform inversion

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 178-178
Author(s):  
Ulrich Zimmer
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Seismic Imaging ◽  
Special Section ◽  
Waveform Inversion ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Full Waveform Inversion ◽  
Full Waveform

Full-waveform inversion (FWI) is often the method of choice for addressing the most challenging scenarios in seismic imaging. While FWI has been around for quite some time, the workflows are continuously developed and more case studies are becoming available to illustrate the power of the method. This special section of The Leading Edge presents seven papers that not only provide an overview of the progress of the method but also suggest new tweaks to the algorithm and several new case studies.

scholarly journals Beyond the Central Dogma: Model-Based Learning of How Genes Determine Phenotypes

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. ar4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Reinagel ◽  
Elena Bray Speth
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Molecular Genetics ◽  
Systems Thinking ◽  
Protein Function ◽  
Model Building ◽  
Thinking Skills ◽  
Skills Acquisition ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Scaffolded Instruction ◽  
Introductory Biology Course

In an introductory biology course, we implemented a learner-centered, model-based pedagogy that frequently engaged students in building conceptual models to explain how genes determine phenotypes. Model-building tasks were incorporated within case studies and aimed at eliciting students’ understanding of 1) the origin of variation in a population and 2) how genes/alleles determine phenotypes. Guided by theory on hierarchical development of systems-thinking skills, we scaffolded instruction and assessment so that students would first focus on articulating isolated relationships between pairs of molecular genetics structures and then integrate these relationships into an explanatory network. We analyzed models students generated on two exams to assess whether students’ learning of molecular genetics progressed along the theoretical hierarchical sequence of systems-thinking skills acquisition. With repeated practice, peer discussion, and instructor feedback over the course of the semester, students’ models became more accurate, better contextualized, and more meaningful. At the end of the semester, however, more than 25% of students still struggled to describe phenotype as an output of protein function. We therefore recommend that 1) practices like modeling, which require connecting genes to phenotypes; and 2) well-developed case studies highlighting proteins and their functions, take center stage in molecular genetics instruction.

Word, Image, Sound

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-152
Author(s):  
Matthew Engelke
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Special Section ◽  
Human Sciences ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Religion ◽  
The Senses ◽  
The Public Sphere

Abstract This essay introduces the special section “Word, Image, Sound,” a collection of essays on public religion and religious publicities in Africa and South Asia. The essays cover case studies in Myanmar, Zambia, Senegal, Rwanda, and Egypt. The introduction situates the essays in relation to the broader fields of work on the public sphere and publics, especially as they relate to recent work in the human sciences that focus on materiality, the senses, and media.

Introduction to special section: Shale oil and gas enrichment mechanisms and effective development: Concepts, methodologies, and case studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. SNi-SNiii
Author(s):  
Dengliang Gao ◽  
Zhijun Jin ◽  
Taizhong Duan ◽  
Hongliu Zeng ◽  
Satinder Chopra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Special Section ◽  
Shale Oil ◽  
Effective Development

Full-waveform inversion for full-wavefield imaging: Decades in the making

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 324-334
Author(s):  
Rongxin Huang ◽  
Zhigang Zhang ◽  
Zedong Wu ◽  
Zhiyuan Wei ◽  
Jiawei Mei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Model Building ◽  
Seismic Imaging ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Waveform Inversion ◽  
Velocity Model ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Full Waveform Inversion ◽  
Data Types ◽  
Velocity Models ◽  
Full Waveform

Seismic imaging using full-wavefield data that includes primary reflections, transmitted waves, and their multiples has been the holy grail for generations of geophysicists. To be able to use the full-wavefield data effectively requires a forward-modeling process to generate full-wavefield data, an inversion scheme to minimize the difference between modeled and recorded data, and, more importantly, an accurate velocity model to correctly propagate and collapse energy of different wave modes. All of these elements have been embedded in the framework of full-waveform inversion (FWI) since it was proposed three decades ago. However, for a long time, the application of FWI did not find its way into the domain of full-wavefield imaging, mostly owing to the lack of data sets with good constraints to ensure the convergence of inversion, the required compute power to handle large data sets and extend the inversion frequency to the bandwidth needed for imaging, and, most significantly, stable FWI algorithms that could work with different data types in different geologic settings. Recently, with the advancement of high-performance computing and progress in FWI algorithms at tackling issues such as cycle skipping and amplitude mismatch, FWI has found success using different data types in a variety of geologic settings, providing some of the most accurate velocity models for generating significantly improved migration images. Here, we take a step further to modify the FWI workflow to output the subsurface image or reflectivity directly, potentially eliminating the need to go through the time-consuming conventional seismic imaging process that involves preprocessing, velocity model building, and migration. Compared with a conventional migration image, the reflectivity image directly output from FWI often provides additional structural information with better illumination and higher signal-to-noise ratio naturally as a result of many iterations of least-squares fitting of the full-wavefield data.

Velocity model building and imaging in the presence of shallow gas

First Break ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
A.R. Ghazali ◽  
R.J.J. Hardy ◽  
T. Konuk ◽  
R.I. Masiman ◽  
K. Xin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Model Building ◽  
Velocity Model ◽  
Shallow Gas ◽  
Velocity Model Building

Technology Adoption and Economic Development

2012 ◽  
pp. 58-73
Author(s):  
Taiwo E. Mafimisebi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Technology Adoption ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Adoption Process ◽  
Agricultural Technologies ◽  
Improved Varieties ◽  
Cultural Conditions ◽  
African Agriculture

Africa’s economic development will result from conscious efforts directed towards diversification and increased productivity in its low-performing agricultural sector. Technology development, transfer and uptake, which are low for now, are indispensible necessities in this respect. The purpose of this chapter is to review the characteristics, importance, constraints and technology adoption process of African agriculture to identify factors that enhance or hinder technology uptake. This is with a view to isolating lessons for developers or packagers of new agricultural or other technologies for Africa, especially nanotechnology and microelectronics which are evolving and transformational. The attributes of technologies that have made desired impact in African agriculture included cheapness, simplicity, observability, visibility of results, usefulness, compatibility with existing technologies and farm- or farmer-specific socio-economic or socio-cultural conditions. Case studies of the welfare-enhancing impacts of adopted agricultural technologies were examined under use of fertilizers, improved varieties and biotechnology. Useful lessons for development and transfer of nanotechnology and micro-electronics to Africa were highlighted.

Prototyping Robotic Systems

2013 ◽  
pp. 715-760
Author(s):  
Andrew Goldenberg
Keyword(s):  
Project Management ◽  
Faculty Member ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
General Framework ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Robotic Systems ◽  
Management Technology ◽  
Medium Enterprises

This chapter provides an experience-based framework of prototypes development and commissioning. It introduces elements learned directly from the practice that encompass aspects of project management, technology development process, and commercialization in the context of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). The contents of this chapter are based mainly on the author’s practical experience of leading an SME technology developer. The author is also a faculty member working as a researcher and teacher. Because of the interrelationship between research and technology development, his views and perception of the topic may be unique, and they are personal. The chapter presents a general framework for robotic systems prototyping. To back up the points made in the chapter, three case studies of robotic prototyping are included to help the reader perceive the outlined concepts.

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