Optimized implicit finite-difference and Fourier finite-difference migration for VTI media

Geophysics ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. WCA189-WCA197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guojian Shan
Keyword(s):  
Dispersion Relation ◽  
Finite Difference ◽  
Weighted Least Squares ◽  
Taylor Series Expansion ◽  
Relative Dispersion ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Isotropic Media ◽  
Implicit Finite Difference ◽  
Wavefield Extrapolation ◽  
Vti Media

Propagation velocity of seismic waves in heterogeneous VTI media depends not only on spatial location but also on their propagation direction, which leads to a much more complex dispersion relation than in isotropic media. As a result, designing implicit finite-difference (FD) schemes for wavefield extrapolation in anisotropic media through analytic Taylor-series expansion is more difficult. Implicit FD and Fourier finite-difference (FFD) schemes are developed for vertical transversely isotropic (VTI) media based on function fitting. The dispersion relation of VTI media is approximated with a rational function and its coefficients are estimated by weighted least-squares optimization. Because these coefficients are functions of Thomsen anisotropy parameters ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]) and vary laterally in heterogeneous VTI media, they are calculated before wavefield extrapolation and stored in a table. Implicit FD and FFD schemes for VTI media are almost the same as for isotropic media, except that coefficients are looked up in a precalculated table. Impulse responses and relative dispersion-relation error show that accuracy of the FD scheme for VTI media is similar to its counterpart in isotropic media. Application to a synthetic data set showed that implicit FD and FFD can handle laterally varying VTI media.

Prestack imaging of seismic data using Lp iterative reweighted least-squares wavefield extrapolation filters in the frequency-space domain

Geophysics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. V243-V252
Author(s):  
Wail A. Mousa
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares ◽  
Seismic Data ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Filter Design ◽  
Finite Impulse Response ◽  
Weighted Least Squares ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Frequency Space ◽  
Wavefield Extrapolation ◽  
Iterative Reweighted Least Squares

A stable explicit depth wavefield extrapolation is obtained using [Formula: see text] iterative reweighted least-squares (IRLS) frequency-space ([Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text]) finite-impulse response digital filters. The problem of designing such filters to obtain stable images of challenging seismic data is formulated as an [Formula: see text] IRLS minimization. Prestack depth imaging of the challenging Marmousi model data set was then performed using the explicit depth wavefield extrapolation with the proposed [Formula: see text] IRLS-based algorithm. Considering the extrapolation filter design accuracy, the [Formula: see text] IRLS minimization method resulted in an image with higher quality when compared with the weighted least-squares method. The method can, therefore, be used to design high-accuracy extrapolation filters.

Inline delayed-shot migration in tilted elliptical-cylindrical coordinates

Geophysics ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. S187-S197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Shragge ◽  
Guojian Shan
Keyword(s):  
Impulse Response ◽  
Seismic Data ◽  
Finite Difference Methods ◽  
Computational Cost ◽  
Coordinate Systems ◽  
Geologic Structure ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Implicit Finite Difference ◽  
Wavefield Extrapolation ◽  
Generalized Coordinate

Riemannian wavefield extrapolation, a one-way wave-equation method for propagating seismic data on generalized coordinate systems, is extended to inline delayed-shot migration using 3D tilted elliptical-cylindrical (TEC) coordinate meshes. Compared to Cartesian geometries, TEC coordinates are more conformal to the shape of inline delayed-source impulse response, which allows the bulk of wavefield energy to propagate at angles lower to the extrapolation axis, thus improving global propagation accuracy. When inline coordinate tilt angles are well matched to the inline source ray parameters, the TEC coordinate extension affords accurate propagation of both steep-dip and turning-wave components important for successfully imaging complex geologic structure. Wavefield extrapolation in TEC coordinates is no more complicated than propagation in elliptically anisotropic media and can be handled by existing implicit finite-difference methods. Impulse response tests illustrate the phase accuracy of the method and show that the approach is free of numerical anisotropy. Migration tests from a realistic 3D wide-azimuth synthetic derived from a field Gulf of Mexico data set demonstrate the imaging advantages afforded by the technique, including the improved imaging of steeply dipping salt flanks at a reduced computational cost.

Kirchhoff time migration for transversely isotropic media: An application to Trinidad data

Geophysics ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. S29-S35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tariq Alkhalifah
Keyword(s):  
Symmetry Axis ◽  
Transversely Isotropic ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Time Migration ◽  
Transversely Isotropic Media ◽  
Higher Order Terms ◽  
Isotropic Media ◽  
Migration Method ◽  
Vti Media ◽  
Vertical Inhomogeneity

Using a newly developed nonhyperbolic offset-mid-point traveltime equation for prestack Kirchhoff time migration, instead of the conventional double-square-root (DSR) equation, results in overall better images from anisotropic data. Specifically, prestack Kirchhoff time migration for transversely isotropic media with a vertical symmetry axis (VTI media) is implemented using an analytical offset-midpoint traveltime equation that represents the equivalent of Cheop's pyramid for VTI media. It includes higher-order terms necessary to better handle anisotropy as well as vertical inhomogeneity. Application of this enhanced Kirchhoff time-migration method to the anisotropic Marmousi data set demonstrates the effectiveness of the approach. Further application of the method to field data from Trinidad results in sharper reflectivity images of the subsurface, with the faults better focused and positioned than with images obtained using isotropic methods. The superiority of the anisotropic time migration is evident in the flatness of the image gathers.

Anisotropic finite-difference algorithm for modeling elastic wave propagation in fractured coalbeds

Geophysics ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. C13-C26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenglin Pei ◽  
Li-Yun Fu ◽  
Weijia Sun ◽  
Tao Jiang ◽  
Binzhong Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Wave Propagation ◽  
Finite Difference ◽  
Elastic Wave ◽  
Taylor Series Expansion ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Elastic Wave Propagation ◽  
Numerical Dispersion ◽  
Staggered Grid ◽  
S Wave ◽  
Data Set

The simulation of wave propagations in coalbeds is challenged by two major issues: (1) strong anisotropy resulting from high-density cracks/fractures in coalbeds and (2) numerical dispersion resulting from high-frequency content (the dominant frequency can be higher than 100 Hz). We present a staggered-grid high-order finite-difference (FD) method with arbitrary even-order ([Formula: see text]) accuracy to overcome the two difficulties stated above. First, we derive the formulae based on the standard Taylor series expansion but given in a neat and explicit form. We also provide an alternative way to calculate the FD coefficients. The detailed implementations are shown and the stability condition for anisotropic FD modeling is examined by the eigenvalue analysis method. Then, we apply the staggered-grid FD method to 2D and 3D coalbed models with dry and water-saturated fractures to study the characteristics of the 2D/3C elastic wave propagation in anisotropic media. Several factors, like density and direction of vertical cracks, are investigated. Several phenomena, like S-wave splitting and waveguides, are observed and are consistent with those observed in a real data set. Numerical results show that our formulae can correlate the amplitude and traveltime anisotropies with the coal seam fractures.

A one-way dual-domain propagator for scalar qP-waves in VTI media

Geophysics ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. D9-D17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiyu Han ◽  
Ru-Shan Wu
Keyword(s):  
Dispersion Relation ◽  
Phase Shift ◽  
Wave Equations ◽  
Large Angle ◽  
Transversely Isotropic ◽  
Transversely Isotropic Media ◽  
Isotropic Media ◽  
Elastic Wave Equations ◽  
Dual Domain ◽  
Vti Media

In this paper, we present an anisotropic one-way propagator for modeling and imaging quasi-P (qP) waves in transversely isotropic media with a vertically symmetric axis (VTI media). We derive the dispersion relation for a scalar qP-wave using elastic wave equations for anisotropic media. By applying a rational approximation to the dispersion relation, we obtain a one-way, dual-domain, scalar qP-wave propagator for heterogeneous VTI media. The propagator includes a phase-shift term and both phase-screen and large-angle correction terms. The phase-shift term is implemented in the wavenumber domain, while the other terms are implemented in the space domain. Fourier transformations are used to shuttle the wavefield between the two domains. This propagator can be used to propagate qP-wavefields within an isotropic or a VTI medium, with either medium containing lateral heterogeneities. Error analysis of the impulse response and dispersion relations demonstrates that the propagator is accurate and stable and has a wide-angle capability. The application of the propagator to the imaging of qP-wave data with VTI models which contain complex structures and large perturbations of velocity and anisotropy results in excellent image quality. This demonstrates the potential value of the propagator for use in modeling and imaging qP-wavefields within strongly heterogeneous VTI media.

Evaluation for estimating of the PDF and the CDF of Generalized Inverted Exponential Distribution with Application in Industry

2020 ◽  
pp. 507-522
Author(s):  
Parisa Torkaman
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares ◽  
Exponential Distribution ◽  
Mean Squared Error ◽  
Weighted Least Squares ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Minimum Variance ◽  
Cumulative Distribution ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Better Than

The generalized inverted exponential distribution is introduced as a lifetime model with good statistical properties. This paper, the estimation of the probability density function and the cumulative distribution function of with five different estimation methods: uniformly minimum variance unbiased(UMVU), maximum likelihood(ML), least squares(LS), weighted least squares (WLS) and percentile(PC) estimators are considered. The performance of these estimation procedures, based on the mean squared error (MSE) by numerical simulations are compared. Simulation studies express that the UMVU estimator performs better than others and when the sample size is large enough the ML and UMVU estimators are almost equivalent and efficient than LS, WLS and PC. Finally, the result using a real data set are analyzed.

Regularization and datuming of seismic data by weighted, damped least squares

Geophysics ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. U67-U76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares ◽  
Seismic Data ◽  
Synthetic Data ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Structural Data ◽  
Irregular Sampling ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Damped Least Squares ◽  
Wavefield Extrapolation

The possibility of improving regularization/datuming of seismic data is investigated by treating wavefield extrapolation as an inversion problem. Weighted, damped least squares is then used to produce the regularized/datumed wavefield. Regularization/datuming is extremely costly because of computing the Hessian, so an efficient approximation is introduced. Approximation is achieved by computing a limited number of diagonals in the operators involved. Real and synthetic data examples demonstrate the utility of this approach. For synthetic data, regularization/datuming is demonstrated for large extrapolation distances using a highly irregular recording array. Without approximation, regularization/datuming returns a regularized wavefield with reduced operator artifacts when compared to a nonregularizing method such as generalized phase shift plus interpolation (PSPI). Approximate regularization/datuming returns a regularized wavefield for approximately two orders of magnitude less in cost; but it is dip limited, though in a controllable way, compared to the full method. The Foothills structural data set, a freely available data set from the Rocky Mountains of Canada, demonstrates application to real data. The data have highly irregular sampling along the shot coordinate, and they suffer from significant near-surface effects. Approximate regularization/datuming returns common receiver data that are superior in appearance compared to conventional datuming.

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