Detecting “subseismic features” in time‐lapse seismology: Feasibility studies for fractures and wormholes in producing reservoirs

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. R. Lines ◽  
P. F. Daley ◽  
J. E. Embleton ◽  
R. P. Bording
Keyword(s):  
Feasibility Studies ◽  
Time Lapse

Reducing Turn-Around Time for Time-Lapse Feasibility Studies

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabien Allo ◽  
David Riffault ◽  
Philippe Doyen ◽  
João Paulo Nunes ◽  
Marcos Sebastiao dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feasibility Studies ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Turn Around Time

Tupi Nodes pilot: A successful 4D seismic case for Brazilian presalt reservoirs

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (12) ◽  
pp. 886-896
Author(s):  
Nathalia Martinho Cruz ◽  
José Marcelo Cruz ◽  
Leonardo Márcio Teixeira ◽  
Mônica Muzzette da Costa ◽  
Laryssa Beatriz de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Recovery ◽  
History Matching ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Feasibility Studies ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Seismic Inversion ◽  
Carbonate Reservoirs ◽  
Ocean Bottom ◽  
4D Seismic

The oil and gas industry has established 4D seismic as a key tool to maximize oil recovery and operational safety in siliciclastic and low- to medium-stiffness carbonate reservoirs. However, for the stiffer carbonate reservoirs of the Brazilian presalt, the value of 4D seismic is still under debate. Tupi Field has been the stage of a pioneering 4D seismic project to field test the time-lapse technique's ability in monitoring production and water-alternating-gas (WAG) injection in the Brazilian presalt. Ocean-bottom node (OBN) technology was applied for the first time in the ultra-deep waters of Santos Basin, leading to the Tupi Nodes pilot project. We started with feasibility studies to forecast the presalt carbonate time-lapse responses. The minerals that constitute these carbonate rocks have an incompressibility modulus that is generally twice as large as those of siliciclastic rocks. This translates into discrete 4D signals that require enhanced seismic acquisition and processing techniques to be correctly detected and mapped. Consequently, two OBN seismic acquisitions were carried out. Time-lapse processing included the application of top-of-the-line processing tools, such as interbed multiple attenuation. The resulting 4D amplitude images demonstrate good signal-to-noise ratio, supporting both static and dynamic interpretations that are compatible with injection and production histories. To unlock the potential of 4D quantitative interpretation and the future employment of 4D-assisted history-matching workflows, we conducted a 4D seismic inversion test. Acoustic impedance variations of about 1.5% are reliably distinguishable beyond the immediate vicinity of the wells. These 4D OBN seismic surveys and interpretations will assist in identifying oil-bypassed targets for infill wells and calibrating WAG cycles, increasing oil recovery. We anticipate that studies of the entire Brazilian presalt section will greatly benefit from the results and conclusions already reached for Tupi Field.

4D petroelastic modeling based on a presalt well

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. T639-T649
Author(s):  
E. P. A. Silva ◽  
A. Davólio ◽  
M. S. Santos ◽  
D. J. Schiozer
Keyword(s):  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Acoustic Impedance ◽  
Carbonate Rocks ◽  
Seismic Analysis ◽  
Pore Space ◽  
Feasibility Studies ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Pore Geometry ◽  
Initial Discovery ◽  
Payne Model

After their initial discovery in 2006, followed by an accumulated production of over 2 billion barrels of oil equivalent, the presalt carbonate reservoirs of offshore Brazil are now candidates for time-lapse seismic analysis. Therefore, we have conducted a 4D feasibility study in a Brazilian presalt reservoir well, which is composed of two types of carbonate rocks: microbialite and coquina. We evaluated two petroelastic models to obtain the acoustic impedance (AI) and shear impedance (SI) needed to estimate potential time-lapse differences ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text]). For this, we used the Gassmann and Xu-Payne models, in which the latter considers the pore geometry of the rock in its equations. Our analysis of both models shows that changes in pressure and saturation are very similar, and we can conclude that, despite being a carbonate, the application of Gassmann’s model is sufficient for the 4D feasibility studies conducted in the deemed reservoir because it does not require pore space geometry parameters, as does the Xu-Payne model. The analysis of the time-lapse attributes provided us with a greater comprehension of the 4D scenarios modeled, some of which presented detectability of changes in the microbialite and coquina.

Multiphysics fluid monitoring: Toward targeted monitoring design under uncertainty

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. SG19-SG32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuf Bilgin Altundas ◽  
Nikita Chugunov
Keyword(s):  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Feasibility Studies ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Sweep Efficiency ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Field Development ◽  
Monitoring Design ◽  
Cumulative Production

Properly designed multiphysics measurements program can improve the accuracy of fluid front monitoring (FFM) by combining tools with various spatial resolutions and desired contrast in time-lapse measurements, consequently enabling better sweep efficiency and increased oil recovery. We have introduced a new workflow for multiphysics FFM feasibility studies that determines the suitability of measurements considered for monitoring and enables informed decision making on where, when, and how often the measurements need to be performed. The workflow integrates petrophysically and thermodynamically consistent multiphysics responses for seismic, electromagnetic, and neutron capture measurements. We argue that, in the presence of multiple sources of uncertainty, reservoir performance should be analyzed from a 4D probabilistic standpoint, rather than just by looking at a traditional spread in cumulative production curves. Consequently, the monitoring program should be designed around our understanding of reservoir 4D probabilistic performance through consistent multiphysics modeling. We have developed a set of approaches to enable addressing both tasks on a single platform with all relevant sources of uncertainties including parametric and model uncertainties in effective medium modeling and reservoir simulation. The developed workflow is illustrated using the ISAPP Field Development Optimization Challenge benchmark data set introduced in 2017.

Ultrastructure of melanocyte-keratinocyte interactions and pigment transfer in vitro

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 650-651
Author(s):  
Raul I. Garcia ◽  
Evelyn A. Flynn ◽  
George Szabo
Keyword(s):  
Direct Injection ◽  
Skin Pigmentation ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Pigment Granule ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Ultrastructural Level ◽  
Lanthanum Tracer ◽  
A Cell

Skin pigmentation in mammals involves the interaction of epidermal melanocytes and keratinocytes in the structural and functional unit known as the Epidermal Melanin Unit. Melanocytes(M) synthesize melanin within specialized membrane-bound organelles, the melanosome or pigment granule. These are subsequently transferred by way of M dendrites to keratinocytes(K) by a mechanism still to be clearly defined. Three different, though not necessarily mutually exclusive, mechanisms of melanosome transfer have been proposed: cytophagocytosis by K of M dendrite tips containing melanosomes, direct injection of melanosomes into the K cytoplasm through a cell-to-cell pore or communicating channel formed by localized fusion of M and K cell membranes, release of melanosomes into the extracellular space(ECS) by exocytosis followed by K uptake using conventional phagocytosis. Variability in methods of transfer has been noted both in vivo and in vitro and there is evidence in support of each transfer mechanism. We Have previously studied M-K interactions in vitro using time-lapse cinemicrography and in vivo at the ultrastructural level using lanthanum tracer and freeze-fracture.

High-voltage Electron Microscopy of astroglial cell whole mounts

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 316-317
Author(s):  
J.N. Turner ◽  
W.G. Shain ◽  
V. Madelian ◽  
R.A. Grassucci ◽  
D.L. Forman
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Astroglial Cells ◽  
High Voltage Electron Microscopy ◽  
Rat Glioma ◽  
Voltage Electron ◽  
High Voltage Electron ◽  
Nervous System Function ◽  
Beta Adrenergic Agonist

Homogeneous cultures of astroglial cells have proved useful for studying biochemical, pharmacological, and toxicological responses of astrocytes to effectors of central nervous system function. LRM 55 astroglial cells, which were derived from a rat glioma and maintained in continuous culture, exhibit a number of astrocyte properties (1-3). Stimulation of LRM 55s and astrocytes in primary cell cultures with the beta-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol results in rapid changes of morphology. Studies with time lapse video light microscopy (VLM) and high-voltage electron microscopy (HVEM) have been correlated to changes in intracellular levels of c-AMP. This report emphasizes the HVEM results.

Measurement of spontaneous neuronal membrane activity by time lapse confocal microscopy

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 972-973
Author(s):  
R H. Selinfreund ◽  
A. H. Cornell-Bell
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Potential ◽  
Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Patch Clamp ◽  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Neuronal Firing ◽  
Neuronal Membrane ◽  
Pituitary Cells ◽  
Patch Clamp Recording ◽  
Spontaneous Electrical Activity

Cellular electrophysiological properties are normally monitored by standard patch clamp techniques . The combination of membrane potential dyes with time-lapse laser confocal microscopy provides a more direct, least destructive rapid method for monitoring changes in neuronal electrical activity. Using membrane potential dyes we found that spontaneous action potential firing can be detected using time-lapse confocal microscopy. Initially, patch clamp recording techniques were used to verify spontaneous electrical activity in GH4\C1 pituitary cells. It was found that serum depleted cells had reduced spontaneous electrical activity. Brief exposure to the serum derived growth factor, IGF-1, reconstituted electrical activity. We have examined the possibility of developing a rapid fluorescent assay to measure neuronal activity using membrane potential dyes. This neuronal regeneration assay has been adapted to run on a confocal microscope. Quantitative fluorescence is then used to measure a compounds ability to regenerate neuronal firing.The membrane potential dye di-8-ANEPPS was selected for these experiments. Di-8- ANEPPS is internalized slowly, has a high signal to noise ratio (40:1), has a linear fluorescent response to change in voltage.

Five-Dimensional Microscopy using Widefield-Deconvolution: Practical Considerations and Biological Applications

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 268-269
Author(s):  
W.F. Marshall ◽  
K. Oegema ◽  
J. Nunnari ◽  
A.F. Straight ◽  
D.A. Agard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confocal Microscopy ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Ccd Camera ◽  
Image Plane ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Excitation Light ◽  
Cooled Ccd

The ability to image cells in three dimensions has brought about a revolution in biological microscopy, enabling many questions to be asked which would be inaccessible without this capability. There are currently two major methods of three dimensional microscopy: laser-scanning confocal microscopy and widefield-deconvolution microscopy. The method of widefield-deconvolution uses a cooled CCD to acquire images from a standard widefield microscope, and then computationally removes out of focus blur. Using such a scheme, it is easy to acquire time-lapse 3D images of living cells without killing them, and to do so for multiple wavelengths (using computer-controlled filter wheels). Thus, it is now not only feasible, but routine, to perform five dimensional microscopy (three spatial dimensions, plus time, plus wavelength).Widefield-deconvolution has several advantages over confocal microscopy. The two main advantages are high speed of acquisition (because there is no scanning, a single optical section is acquired at a time by using a cooled CCD camera) and the use of low excitation light levels Excitation intensity can be much lower than in a confocal microscope for three reasons: 1) longer exposures can be taken since the entire 512x512 image plane is acquired in parallel, so that dwell time is not an issue, 2) the higher quantum efficiently of a CCD detect over those typically used in confocal microscopy (although this is expected to change due to advances in confocal detector technology), and 3) because no pinhole is used to reject light, a much larger fraction of the emitted light is collected. Thus we can typically acquire images with thousands of photons per pixel using a mercury lamp, instead of a laser, for illumination. The use of low excitation light is critical for living samples, and also reduces bleaching. The high speed of widefield microscopy is also essential for time-lapse 3D microscopy, since one must acquire images quickly enough to resolve interesting events.

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