Time‐lapse monitoring of CO2EOR and storage with walkaway VSPs

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcia L. Couëslan ◽  
Don C. Lawton ◽  
Michael Jones
Keyword(s):  
Time Lapse ◽  
And Storage

Seasonal Shifts in Surface Water-Groundwater Connections in a Ferricrete-Impacted Stream Estimated from Electrical Resistivity

Geophysics ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-55
Author(s):  
Ariel Rickel ◽  
Beth Hoagland ◽  
Alexis Navarre-Sitchler ◽  
Kamini Singha
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Hyporheic Zone ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Breakthrough Curves ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
High Discharge ◽  
Storage Area ◽  
And Storage

The efficacy of the hyporheic zone (HZ) — where surface water and groundwater mix — for processing nutrients or uptake of metals is dependent on streambed hydraulic conductivity and stream discharge, among other characteristics. Here, we explore electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) of hyporheic exchange in Cement Creek near Silverton, Colorado, which is affected by ferricrete precipitation. To quantify flows through the HZ, we conducted four-hour salt injection tracer tests and collected time-lapse ERT of the streambed and banks of Cement Creek at high and low flow. We installed piezometers to conduct slug tests, which suggested a low permeability zone at 44-cm depth likely comprised of ferricrete that cemented cobbles together. Based on the ERT, the tracer released into the stream was constrained within the shallow streambed with little subsurface flow through the banks. Tracer was detected in the HZ for a longer time at high flow compared to low flow, suggesting that more flow paths were available to connect the stream to the HZ. Tracer was confined above the ferricrete layer during both the high- and low-flow tests. Mass transfer and storage area parameters were calculated from combined analysis of apparent bulk conductivity derived from ERT and numerical modeling of the tracer breakthrough curves. The hyporheic storage area estimated at low discharge (0.1 m2) was smaller than at high discharge (0.4 m2) and residence times were 2.7 h at low discharge and 4.1 h at high discharge. During high discharge, in-stream breakthrough curves displayed slower breakthrough and longer tails, which was consistent with the time-lapse electrical inversions and One-dimensional Transport with Inflow and Storage (OTIS) modeling. Our findings indicate that ferricrete reduces the hydraulic conductivity of the streambed and limits the areal extent of the HZ, which may lower the potential for pollutant attenuation from the metal-rich waters of Cement Creek.

Evaluating 3D and 4D DAS VSP image quality of subsea carbon storage

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 261-266
Author(s):  
Glenn A. Wilson ◽  
Mark E. Willis ◽  
Andreas Ellmauthaler
Keyword(s):  
Image Quality ◽  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Storage Site ◽  
Seismic Image ◽  
And Storage

In all carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) projects, monitoring, verification, and accounting is required to span short to long periods to ensure plume extents and geologic integrity meet operational and regulatory objectives. Fiber-optic cables permanently deployed in the completions of injector wells enable time-lapse (4D) vertical seismic profile (VSP) imaging using distributed acoustic sensing (DAS). Most CCUS projects are onshore, and the majority of those utilize supercritical CO2 flooding for enhanced oil recovery (EOR). In these cases, fiber-optic installations, acquisition, and analysis are relatively straightforward. Offshore transport and storage projects, whether for EOR or sequestration in saline aquifers, may utilize subsea wells wherein fiber-optic deployment is not as straightforward. Unlike dry-tree wells, DAS of subsea wells requires advanced optical engineering solutions to compensate for the reduced acoustic bandwidth, optical losses, and back reflections accumulated through umbilicals, multiple wet- and dry-mate optical connectors, splices, optical feedthrough systems, and downhole fibers. In this paper, we simulate VSP shot records of a carbon storage site for a variety of proposed subsea DAS concepts and evaluate the 3D and 4D seismic image quality of each using Kirchhoff migration of upgoing seismic wavefields with their expected signal-to-noise ratios. We normalize interrogator performance, so we are evaluating the sensing topology only. We show that a subsea fiber topology consisting of dual transmission fibers, a remote circulator with selective amplification of the backscattered light, and enhanced backscatter sensing fiber results in high-quality seismic images suitable for both 3D and 4D VSPs of carbon storage.

Non-invasive monitoring of adrenocortical activity in European badgers (Meles meles) and effects of sample collection and storage on faecal cortisol metabolite concentrations

2012 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Barja ◽  
Gema Escribano-Ávila ◽  
Carlos Lara-Romero ◽  
Emilio Virgós ◽  
Javier Benito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Lapse ◽  
Meles Meles ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Acth Stimulation ◽  
Adrenocortical Activity ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
European Badgers ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Cortisol Metabolites

Due to the increasing demand for methods to quantify adrenal activity in response to stressors in wild animals, we evaluated whether stimulation with adrenocorticopic hormone (ACTH) increases faecal cortisol metabolite levels in European badgers. We also conducted several experiments to evaluate the effect of storage time and collection methods on cortisol metabolite levels of faecal samples. Faecal samples were collected from five captive European badgers (Meles meles) and cortisol metabolites were quantified by an enzyme immunoassay. Faecal cortisol metabolite levels increased 1-2 days after ACTH injection and dropped to pre-treatment levels 3 days after ACTH stimulation. We found that cortisol metabolite levels were not affected by the 8-hour time lapse from collection in the field until freezing of faecal samples, environmental exposure (temperature 25.66 ± 2.55°C; range 21.20-32.20) or mean relative humidity 62.77 ± 9.90% (range 42.00-79.00). Cortisol metabolites were not homogenously distributed in the scats. Cortisol metabolite levels were significantly lower when faecal extracts and samples were frozen for long periods of time (14 weeks or more). Thus, the measurement of faecal cortisol metabolites is a suitable method for the non-invasive evaluation of adrenocortical activity in European badgers. However, some aspects related to the collection and storage of faecal samples should be considered in future studies conducted with this species.

Monitoring CO2injection for carbon capture and storage using time-lapse 3D VSPs

2013 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 1268-1276 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Couëslan ◽  
S. Ali ◽  
A. Campbell ◽  
W. L. Nutt ◽  
W. S. Leaney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
And Storage

Time-lapse Borehole Gravity Imaging of CO2 Injection and Withdrawal in a Closed Carbonate Reef

Geophysics ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-96
Author(s):  
Alain Bonneville ◽  
Andrew J. Black ◽  
Jennifer L. Hare ◽  
Mark E. Kelley ◽  
Mathew Place ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Carbonate Reservoir ◽  
Co2 Injection ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Permeability Model ◽  
Porosity And Permeability ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Northern Michigan ◽  
Over Time

Three borehole gravity (BHG) surveys were performed in 2013, 2016, and 2018 to monitor the changes in gravity/density as a result of the injection and withdrawal of carbon dioxide (CO2) into and out of the Dover 33 carbonate reservoir reef in Northern Michigan. The observed gravity changes and inferred density changes have been modeled to determine the flow and storage zones of the injected CO2 in the reef. The high quality and low level of uncertainty of the data collected make them useful for delineating the CO2 plume position over time and for identifying the oil sweeping extent and mechanisms in the Dover 33 reef. The time-lapse gravity results indicate the effects of the changing CO2 mass within the reservoir, consistent with increasing mass from 2013 to 2016 (following CO2 injection) and a decreasing mass from 2016 to 2018 (after CO2 withdrawal). Three-dimensional imaging of fluid migrations in the reef has been obtained by coupling the time-lapse BHG results to a 3D porosity and permeability model. This coupled approach allows the evaluation of the volume of the reef affected by the injection of CO2 between 2013 and 2016, the efficiency of the oil sweeping between 2016 and 2018, and the location of the residual CO2 plume in the reef after 2018.

An Overview of Digital Image Processing and Recognition (Invited Paper)

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 700-702
Author(s):  
R. C. Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
New York ◽  
Digital Image Processing ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Submarine Cable ◽  
Vigorous Growth ◽  
Digitized Pictures ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
And Storage

Interest in digital image processing techniques dates back to the early 1920's, when digitized pictures of world news events were first transmitted by submarine cable between New York and London. Applications of digital image processing concepts, however, did not become widespread until the middle 1960's, when third-generation digital computers began to offer the speed and storage capabilities required for practical implementation of image processing algorithms. Since then, this area has experienced vigorous growth, having been a subject of interdisciplinary research in fields ranging from engineering and computer science to biology, chemistry, and medicine.

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