A comparison of the correlation structure in GPR images of deltaic and barrier‐spit depositional environments

Geophysics ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 1142-1153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulette Tercier ◽  
Rosemary Knight ◽  
Harry Jol
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Length ◽  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Depositional Environments ◽  
Geostatistical Analysis ◽  
Maximum Correlation ◽  
Correlation Lengths ◽  
Correlation Structures ◽  
Geostatistical Models ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Radar Facies

We have used geostatistical analysis of radar reflections to quantify the correlation structures found in 2-D ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) images. We find that the experimental semivariogram, the product of the geostatistical analysis of the GPR data, is well‐defined and can be modeled using standard geostatistical models to obtain an estimate of the range or correlation length, and the maximum correlation direction, in the 2-D GPR image. When we compare the results from geostatistical analysis of GPR data from selected deltaic and barrier‐spit depositional environments we find different correlation structures in GPR images from different depositional environments. GPR images from braid deltas have near‐horizontal correlation directions and correlation lengths on the order of a few meters. In contrast, the GPR image of a fan‐foreset delta has a very long (>24 m) correlation length and a maximum correlation direction plunging 20°. In the GPR images from barrier spits, we find maximum correlation directions that are horizontal or plunging a few degrees. The correlation lengths range from 7 to 43 m, depending on the orientation of the GPR image relative to spit end growth, and on the specific radar facies that is analyzed.

scholarly journals THE IMAGES OF SUBSURFACE TERTIARY – QUARTENARY DEPOSITS BASED ON GROUND PENETRATING RADAR RECORDS OF SUBI KECIL ISLAND COAST, NATUNA DISTRICT, RIAU ARCHIPELAGO PROVINCE

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Kris Budiono
Keyword(s):  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
High Amplitude ◽  
Depositional Environments ◽  
Unconsolidated Sand ◽  
Stratigraphic Framework ◽  
Uppermost Layer ◽  
Coastal Deposits ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Riau Archipelago ◽  
Radar Facies

Subsurface Tertiary to Quaternary deposits from coast of Subi Kecil Island, Natuna Distric, Riau Archipelago Province, were imaged with Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR). The GPR survey was carried out by using GSSI Surveyor III/20 with 270 MHz and 40 MHz of 3200 MLF antennas. GPR data were processed using software GSSI’s RADAN for Windows NT™. The interpretation were done by using the radar facies as a groups of radar reflections. The GPR images of study area can be recoqnized in to several facies such as parallel, sub parallel, chaotic, oblique, mound and reflection-free. The calibration were done with geological data along the coast (cliff and outcrop). Unit A is the uppermost layer which is characterized by continous to non continous pararel reflection, srong reflector and high amplitude and is interpreted as alluvium deposits. Below the unit A is unit B which is characterized by non continous sub parallel, chaotic and mound reflector, strong reflector and high amplitude. Unit C and D (Mio-Oligocene) are overlain by unit A and B include chaotic, reflection-free and, locally, discontinuous parallel, oblique mound reflector radar facies, correlatable at the cliff face to massive sands, mostly representing near coastal deposits. These units are bounded by continuous, high amplitude reflections that can be easily correlatable throughout the GPR profiles, serving as important stratigraphic markers. The GPR survey may improve the reconstruction of the depositional environments through the recognition of massive and unconsolidated sand deposits within unit A and B (Holocene). The stratigraphic framework was also improved through the recognition of the discontinuity surface between Units C and D. Keywords: radar facies, stratigraphy, Tertiary to Quatenary, Subi Kecil Island Pencitraan endapan bawah permukaan Tersier sampai Kuarter di pantai Pulau Subi Kecil, Natuna, Propinsi Riau Kepulauan, telah dilakukan dengan “Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR). Survey GPR dilakukan menggunakan SIR 20 GSSI dengan antenna 200 MHz, 40 MHz da MLF 3200. Data GPR diproses mengunakan perangkat lunak Radan GSSI untuk Window NTTM. Citra Radar di daerah penelitian dapat dibagi menjadi reflektor paralel, sub paralel, chaotik, oblik, undulasi dan bebas refleksi. Kalibrasi telah dilakukan dengan kondisi geologi sepanjang pantai (tebing dan singkapan batuan). Unit A merupakan lapisan paling atas, dicirikan oleh reflektor parallel yang menerus dan tidak menerus, reflektor kuat, amplitudo tinggi dan ditafsirkan sebagai endapan alluvium. Di bawah unit A adalah unit B yang dicirikan oleh reflektor sub paralel yang menerus sampai tidak menerus, chaotic, hiperbolik, dengan reflektor kuat dan amplitudo tinggi. Unit C dan D (Mio-Oligosen) ditutupi oleh unit B yang dicirikan oleh fasies reflektor chaotic, bebas reflektor, dan secara lokal pararel tidak menerus, miring dan hiperbolik, dapat dikorelasikan dengan pasir padat pada tebing sebagai endapan dekat pantai. Citra GPR memperlihatkan rekonstruksi lingkungan pengendapan melalui pengenalan pasir padat dan pasir lepas pada unit A dan B (Holosen). Kerangka stratigrafi akan lebih baik melalui pengenalan ketidak menerusan lapisan antara unit C dan D. Kata kunci: fasies radar, stratigrafi, Tersier sampai Kuarter, Pulau Subi Kecil

scholarly journals Ground Penetrating Radar investigation of depositional architecture: the São Sebastião and Marizal formations in the Cretaceous Tucano Basin (Northeastern Brazil)

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larissa Natsumi Tamura ◽  
Renato Paes de Almeida ◽  
Fabio Taioli ◽  
André Marconato ◽  
Liliane Janikian
Keyword(s):  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Sedimentary Environment ◽  
Geophysical Methods ◽  
Radar Data ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Sedimentary Environments ◽  
Hydrocarbon Reservoir ◽  
Depositional Architecture ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Radar Facies

ABSTRACT: One key factor for the advance in the study of fluvial deposits is the application of geophysical methods, being the Ground Penetrating Radar one of special value. Although applied to active rivers, the method is not extensively tested on the rock record, bearing interest for hydrocarbon reservoir analogue models. The São Sebastião and Marizal formations were the subject of previous studies, which made possible the comparison of Ground Penetrating Radar survey to previous stratigraphic studies in order to identify the best combination of resolution, penetration and antenna frequency for the studied subject. Eight radar facies were identified, being six of them related to fluvial sedimentary environments, one related to eolian sedimentary environment and one radar facies interpreted as coastal sedimentary environment. The Ground Penetrating Radar data showed compatibility to sedimentary structures in the outcrops, like planar and trough cross-stratified beds. It is noted that the obtained resolution was efficient in the identification of structures up to 0.3 m using a 100 MHz antenna. In this way, the Ground Penetrating Radar survey in outcrops bears great potential for further works on fluvial depositional architecture.

scholarly journals Ground-penetrating radar profiling on embanked floodplains

2007 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A.J. Bakker ◽  
D. Maljers ◽  
H.J.T. Weerts
Keyword(s):  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Sedimentary Facies ◽  
Extreme Floods ◽  
Architectural Elements ◽  
Accommodation Space ◽  
Sand Bars ◽  
Sediment Deposits ◽  
Radar Velocity ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Radar Facies

AbstractManagement of the Dutch embanked floodplains is of crucial interest in the light of a likely increase of extreme floods. One of the issues is a gradual decrease of floodwater accommodation space as a result of overbank deposition of mud and sand during floods. To address this issue, sediment deposits of an undisturbed embanked floodplain near Winssen along the river Waal were studied using ground-penetrating radar (GPR). A number of radar facies units were recognized. Boreholes were used to relate radar facies units to sedimentary facies and to determine radar velocity. The GPR groundwave is affected by differences in moisture and texture of the top layer and probably interferes with the first subsurface reflector. The architectural elements recognized in the GPR transects confirm earlier reported insights on human-influenced river behaviour. This is testified in the development of sand bars during flood regimes that are probably more widespread than previously established.

scholarly journals Ground-Penetrating Radar Prospections to Image the Inner Structure of Coastal Dunes at Sites Characterized by Erosion and Accretion (Northern Tuscany, Italy)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 11260
Author(s):  
Adriano Ribolini ◽  
Duccio Bertoni ◽  
Monica Bini ◽  
Giovanni Sarti
Keyword(s):  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Coastal Dunes ◽  
General Context ◽  
Depositional Processes ◽  
Sedimentary Architecture ◽  
Formation And Evolution ◽  
Run Up ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Radar Facies ◽  
Sedimentary Budget

In this study we aimed to gain insights into dune formation and evolution from select coastal tracts of Northern Tuscany by inspecting their internal sedimentary architecture with Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR) analysis. Erosion, equilibrium and accretion characterize the selected coastal tracts, and this analysis remarks on some GPR features consistently associated with specific coastal evolution states. A standard sequence of data processing made it possible to trace several radar surfaces and reflectors in the GPR profile, eventually interpreted in terms of depositional processes and erosive events. The stable or currently accreting coastal sectors show radar features compatible with a general beach progradation process, punctuated by berm formation in the general context of a positive sedimentary budget. Additionally, the radar facies distribution locally supports a mechanism of dune nucleation on an abandoned berm. Conversely, the GPR profile of the coastal sector today affected by erosion shows how a negative sedimentary budget inhibited coastal progradation and favored destructive events. These events interacted also with the active dunes, as demonstrated by the overlapping of wave run-up and aeolian radar facies. GPR prospections were effective at delineating the recent/ongoing coastal sedimentary budget by identifying radar features linked to construction/destruction phenomena in the backshore, and to dune nucleation/evolution.

Prediction of 3‐D fluid permeability and mudstone distributions from ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) attributes: Example from the Cretaceous Ferron Sandstone Member, east‐central Utah

Geophysics ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 1495-1504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rucsandra M. Corbeanu ◽  
George A. McMechan ◽  
Robert B. Szerbiak ◽  
Kristian Soegaard
Keyword(s):  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Instantaneous Amplitude ◽  
Maximum Correlation ◽  
East Central ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Fluid Permeability ◽  
Permeability Distribution ◽  
Sandstone Reservoir ◽  
Well Data ◽  
Ground Penetrating

A 3‐D fluid permeability distribution is estimated inside a channel sandstone reservoir analog in the Cretaceous Ferron Sandstone fluvio‐deltaic complex in east‐central Utah from ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) attributes. Fluid permeability measurements at 5 cm spacing along four boreholes and one pseudohole section at the adjacent cliff face are used together with instantaneous amplitude and frequency attributes of GPR data to predict fluid permeabilities away from the measured vertical transects and to delineate the distribution and geometry of mudstone layers inside the reservoir analog. Statistically significant relationships are determined between the well data (fluid permeability and mudstone content) and the GPR attributes. These calibrations are applied to the entire GPR volume to estimate the 3‐D fluid permeability variation and the lateral development of mudstone units. Measured and predicted fluid permeabilities range from 0.1 to 290 md. One of the five units considered contained no mudstone layers; cores from the other four units contained 18–42% mudstone and mudstone intraclast conglomerate. The mudstone content is estimated to be 8% by volume in these four units. Variograms show that the mudstone bodies fall into two main categories; most are 2.3–3.5 m in extent in the maximum correlation direction, with anisotropies of 0.4 to 0.7. A few ribbonlike mudstone bodies are also present, with 20‐ to 30‐m extents in the maximum correlation direction and with anisotropies of ∼0.1.

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