On: “What is noise?,” (J. A. Scales and R. Snieder, GEOPHYSICS, 63, 1122–1124)

Geophysics ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 628-631
Author(s):  
Howard Grubb
Keyword(s):  
Deterministic Model ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Statistical Interpretation ◽  
Interesting Part ◽  
Data Variation ◽  
Statistical Viewpoint

With reference to Scales and Snieder’s (1998) discussion of “what is noise,” I would like to offer a statistical interpretation of this question. Any experiment involving measurement will have variation—this is what allows us to make inference upon the results—and it is the partition of this variation which is key to the noise question. From an experimenter’s point of view, noise may be “that part of the data (variation) which we choose not to explain,” although Scales and Snieder are correct to point out that we must then have a model to explain the rest, since a purely statistical one (i.e., assuming that the remainder is in some way “random”) may not be adequate. From a statistical viewpoint however, noise may be better described as “that part of the variation which we cannot explain with a parsimonious deterministic model” and the signal is then the interesting part of the overall model.

scholarly journals Ecosystem–atmosphere exchange of microorganisms in a Mediterranean grassland: new insights into microbial flux through a combined experimental-modeling approach

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Carotenuto ◽  
Teodoro Georgiadis ◽  
Beniamino Gioli ◽  
Christel Leyronas ◽  
Cindy E. Morris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deterministic Model ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Cloud Formation ◽  
Training Dataset ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Biological Aerosols ◽  
Ice Nuclei ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Microbial aerosols (mainly composed by bacterial and fungal cells), may constitute up to 74 % of the total aerosol volume. These biological aerosols are relevant not only from the point of view of the dispersion of pathogenic species, but also due to the potential geochemical implications. Some bacteria and fungi may, in fact, serve as cloud condensation or ice nuclei, potentially affecting cloud formation and precipitation and are active at higher temperatures compared to their, much more intensively studied, inorganic counterparts. Simulations of the impact of microbial aerosols on climate are still hindered by the lack of information regarding their emissions from ground sources. This work tackles this knowledge gap by (i) applying a rigorous micrometeorological approach to the estimation of microbial net fluxes above a Mediterranean grassland and (ii) developing a deterministic model to estimate these emissions on the basis of a few easily recovered meteorological parameters (the PLAnET model). The grassland itself is characterized by an abundance of positive net microbial fluxes and the model proves to be a promising tool capable of capturing the day-to-day variability in microbial fluxes with a relatively small bias and sufficient accuracy. PLAnET is still in its infancy and will benefit from future campaigns extending the available training dataset as well as the inclusion of ever more complex and critical phenomena affecting the release of microbial aerosol (such as rainfall). The model itself is also adaptable as an emission module for dispersion and chemical transport models, allowing to further explore the impact of microbial aerosols on the atmosphere and climate.

scholarly journals Phraseographie

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (36) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Erla Hallsteinsdóttir
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
Corpus Linguistics ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Methodological Basis ◽  
Multiword Expressions ◽  
Interesting Part ◽  
Corpus Data

Multiword expressions – i.e. phraseological units – like idioms and collocations are one of the most interesting part of every language. In this article, I investigate phraseological units from a lexicographical point of view. I discuss the theoretical and methodological basis of phraseography as a discipline that includes aspects of lexicography, phraseology, corpus linguistics and theories of language learning. I demonstrate the importance of corpora as a source for the lexicographer and the use of corpus data. I also discuss the requirements for the lexicographical treatment of phraseological units by the compilation of a phraseological database for language learners in relation to their assumed needs that have already been described in detail.

scholarly journals The Ensemble Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics and Scientific Realism

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-17
Author(s):  
Alexander Pechenkin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Statistical Interpretation ◽  
Interpretation Of Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Ensemble Approach ◽  
Important Principle ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Soviet Russia ◽  
Lev Landau

The article takes under consideration three versions of the ensemble (statistical) interpretation of quantum mechanics and discusses the interconnection of these interpretations with the philosophy of science. To emphasize the specifics of the problem of interpretation of quantum mechanics in the USSR, the Marxist ideology is taken into account. The present paper continues the author’s previous analysis of ensemble interpretations which emerged in the USA and USSR in the first half of the 20th century. The author emphasizes that the ensemble approach turned out to be a dead end for the development of the interpretation of quantum mechanics in Russia. The article also argues that in Soviet Russia, the classical Copenhagen (standard) approach to quantum mechanics was used. The Copenhagen approach was developed by Lev Landau in 1919–1931 and became the basis of the Landau-Lifshitz famous course on quantum mechanics, one of the classics of twentieth-century physics literature (the first edition was published in 1947). Although Vladimir A. Fock’s approach to the interpretation of quantum mechanics differs from the standard presentation by Lev Landau and Evgeny Lifshitz, Fock put forward a very important principle that complementarity is a “firmly established law of nature”. The fundamental writings of Lev Landau, Vladimir Fock and Igor Tamm, the authors of the mid-twentieth century, did a lot to defend the standard point of view such as the popular interpretations by Landau and Lifshitz. This approach can be traced back to Landau’s early writings and to Fock’s criticism of the ensemble approach.

scholarly journals Ethnic mirrors: self-representations in the Welsh and Mennonite museums in Argentina and Paraguay

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisa González De Oleaga ◽  
Ernesto Bohoslavsky
Keyword(s):  
Social Economic ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Past ◽  
Historical Museums ◽  
Economic Ethic ◽  
Interesting Part ◽  
Chaco Region ◽  
History Of ◽  
Inclusive Form

According to some scholars and philosophers, ethnic identities are the best political, social, economic, ethic (and even aesthetic) alternative to State centralism, which is incapable of dealing with cultural diversity. Ethnic communitarism is then defined as a more authentic, humane, democratic and inclusive form of organization. The Welsh colonies of Chubut (Argentine) and the established Mennonite colonies of the Chaco Region (Paraguay) are two ethnic groups with forms of community life that have been thoroughly studied from different perspectives. However, neither has been analyzed their point of view of alterity or their relation with those who do not belong to the community. In their museums the history of the community is represented, self-images and other people's images are constructed and spread. The interesting part of these stories is not what they say but what they do, the form in which contents are expressed. These communitarian historical museums tell about the past but they mainly have an impact on the present. Like national or even imperial museums, Welsh and Mennonite museums tend to naturalize a particular self-centered, prejudicial and evolutionist point of view that often excludes other perspectives, especially those elaborated by the neighboring indigenous communities. In contrast, we believe it is necessary to take a stance for democratic, horizontal relations between communities and more polyphonic and responsible historical representations.

scholarly journals THE RECONSTRUCTION OF THE NETHERLAND DIKES AFTER THE STORM OF FEBRUARY 1953

2000 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
J. B. Schijf
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Model Experiments ◽  
Interesting Part ◽  
Tidal Hydraulics ◽  
Theoretical Considerations

The reconstruction of the damage to the dikes by the flood of February 1953 presented an enormous task. From the hydraulic engineer's point of view the most interesting part was the closing of the major or tidal breaches, that is to say, the places where a dike for a certain length was totally destroyed and where, therefore, the tides had free entrance to the inundated interior, scouring out deep gullies. This called into action the resources of tidal hydraulics, theoretical considerations, and model experiments.

scholarly journals Bahasa Al Quran dalam Perspektif Politik Kekuasaan

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Muradi
Keyword(s):  
Political System ◽  
Political Power ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Aspect ◽  
Historical Aspect ◽  
Absolute Power ◽  
Interesting Part ◽  
Relationship Of

<p>An interesting part of Quranic studies is sosio-culture of its Quran language.   It becomes notice when Arabic language was chosen as Koran language. The point of view of this study is the political power of Quraisy when Quraisy holding the power in Hijaz territory. The question is: What is the reason of Arabic language (Quraisy language) chosen as Koran language? Is there any relationship between Quraisy and political power Arabic language being chosen as Koran language?</p> <p>Seeing in the historical aspect, the northern Arabic language being survive because is supported by political aspect and arabization. Based on the interaction of Arabic language (Quraisy) standard language (<em>fusha</em>) was appearing. Quraisy political system, although not reflects absolute power that forced another ethnic group, there is a relationship of power factor and why Arabic language chosen as Quran language.</p>

scholarly journals To the Evaluation of the Insulation State Based on the Analysis of Partial Discharges

2021 ◽  
Vol 2096 (1) ◽  
pp. 012192
Author(s):  
S Yu Tetiora ◽  
N V Silin ◽  
N N Petrunko
Keyword(s):  
Deterministic Model ◽  
Partial Discharge ◽  
Electrical Equipment ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Partial Discharges ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Application Area ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Discharge Modeling

Abstract The existing partial discharge models, their diagnostic value, and application area are analyzed in the article. The models are considered from the point of view of their improvement or the possibility of creating new diagnostic methods for electrical equipment based on the characteristics of partial discharges. As an example of the implementation of a new approach to partial discharge modeling, a quasi-deterministic model is considered, which makes it possible to obtain information on the real number of cavities in the insulation of high-voltage equipment.

Part II

Good Lives ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 125-224
Author(s):  
Samuel Clark
Keyword(s):  
Good Life ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Good Life ◽  
Interesting Part ◽  
Self Knowledge ◽  
Good For ◽  
Self Discovery

Part II works from the point of view of the reader of autobiography, and asks: what should we learn from autobiography? It argues for a lesson about selfhood and the good life, and specifically about the roles of narrative and of self-realization in those targets of human self-knowledge. This investigation addresses four questions: given that autobiographies are narratives, should we learn something from them about the importance of narrative in human life? Could our narration of our lives explain how their parts relate to them as wholes? Could it retrospectively unify them and thereby make them good for us? Could it create self-knowledge by interpretatively making the self? In each case it answers: no. The lesson we should learn here is instead about the centrality of self-realization to selfhood and the good life. To make that case, this part argues for pluralist realism about self-knowledge: autobiographies of self-discovery, martial life, and solitude show that the ‘self’ which is created and known by self-interpretation is, at best, one part of what we can know about ourselves, and not the most interesting part. These modes of self-discovery reveal a self that is unchosen, initially opaque to itself, and seedlike, which could not be a self-interpretation, and whose good is its realization.

Statistical Interpretation of Entropy

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greg M. Anderson ◽  
David A. Crerar
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Mechanics ◽  
Thermodynamic Model ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Statistical Interpretation ◽  
Conservation Of Energy ◽  
Heat Engines ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
Intuitive Grasp ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Classical Thermodynamics

As we have seen, thermodynamics is based for the most part on the idea of the conservation of energy (First Law) and the concept of entropy (Second Law). The conservation of energy gives little problem intuitively, but it is quite another story with entropy. Entropy can be considered from the point of view of idealized heat engines operating in cycles, or by deriving some of its inherent properties (Chapter 5). We will see how it is measured and tabulated in Chapter 7. This is all very useful, but doesn't help much in gaining an intuitive grasp of entropy, such as we have for the other thermodynamic parameters. Just what is entropy, anyway? There may not be any definitive short answer to this question. If we had to rely on classical thermodynamics for an answer, we would talk at some length about the availability of energy, e.g., the fact that in spite of the tremendous quantity of energy in the ocean, we cannot use any of it to power a ship or to do anything else; the ocean's thermal energy is unavailable unless we provide a reservoir for heat at a lower temperature. This is of course perfectly true, and many useful discussions of the meaning of entropy follow this line of thought, but somehow after all these discussions, the entropy remains somewhat elusive. There is, however, another way to think of entropy that is by far the most useful, and that is from the statistical/probability point of view. This requires that we consider matter from the point of view of the individual particles (atoms, molecules, ions) rather than as macroscopic, homogeneous bodies, and is therefore not a part of classical thermodynamics, but of statistical mechanics. In this chapter we present the rudiments of this approach, not so that the reader can become proficient in statistical thermodynamics (a considerably more thorough introduction is required for that) but to show how entropy is related to statistical considerations. Statistical mechanics does not exactly explain what entropy is, but rather provides a model, quite different from the thermodynamic model, that contains a parameter identical to the entropy of the thermodynamic model in every measurable respect.

scholarly journals The relevance of glacier melt in the water cycle of the Alps: the example of Austria

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 2039-2048 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Koboltschnig ◽  
W. Schöner
Keyword(s):  
River Runoff ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Statistical Interpretation ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Ice Melt ◽  
Glacier Melt ◽  
Precipitation Increase ◽  
The Mean

Abstract. This paper quantifies the contribution of glacier melt to river runoff from compilation and statistical interpretation of data from available studies based on observations or glacio- hydrological modelling for the region of Austria (Austrian Salzach and Inn river basin). A logarithmic fit between the glacier melt contribution and the relative glacierized area was found not only for the long-term mean glacier contributions but also for the glacier melt contribution during the extreme hot an dry summer of 2003. Interestingly, the mean contributions of glacier melt to river runoff do not exceed 15 % for both river catchments and are uncorrelated to glacierization for glacierization values >10 %. This finding, however, has to be seen in the light of the general precipitation increase with altitude for the study region which levels out the increase of absolute melt with glacierization thus resulting in the rather constant value of glacier melt contribution. In order to qualitatively proof this finding another approach has been applied by calculating the quotient qA03 of the mean monthly August runoff in 2003 and the long-term mean August runoff for 38 gauging stations in Austria. The extreme summer 2003 was worth to be analysed as from the meteorological and glaciological point of view an extraordinary situation was observed. During June and July nearly the entire snow-cover melted and during August mainly bare ice melt of glaciers contributed to runoff. The qA03 quotients were calculated between 0.32 for a non-glacierized and 2.0 for a highly glacierized catchment. Using the results of this study the mean and maximum possible glacier melt contribution of catchments can be estimated based on the relative glacierized area. It can also be shown that the found correlation of glacierized area and glacier melt contribution is applicable for the Drau basin where yet no results of modelled glacier melt contributions are available.

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