Surface‐consistent phase decomposition in the log/Fourier domain

Geophysics ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 58 (8) ◽  
pp. 1099-1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillaume Cambois ◽  
Paul Stoffa

In the log/Fourier domain, decomposing the amplitude spectra of seismic data into surface‐consistent terms is a linear problem that can be solved, very efficiently, one frequency at a time. However, the nonunique definition of the complex logarithm makes it much more difficult to decompose the phase spectra. The instability of phase unwrapping has previously prevented any attempt to decompose phase spectra in the log/Fourier domain. We develop a fast and robust partial unwrapping algorithm, which makes it possible to efficiently decompose the phase spectra of normal moveout‐corrected (NMO‐) data into surface‐consistent terms, in the log/Fourier domain. The dual recovery of amplitude and phase spectra yields a surface‐consistent deconvolution technique where only the average reflectivity is assumed to be white, and only the average wavelet is required to be minimum‐phase. Each individual deconvolution operator may be mixed‐phase, depending on its estimated phase spectra. For example, surface‐consistent time shifts and phase rotations, as well as any other surface‐consistent phase effects, are included in the phase spectra of the surface‐consistent deconvolution operators. Consequently, static shifts are estimated and removed without ever picking horizons or crosscorrelations.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anderson Silva Santos ◽  
Milton José Porsani

ABSTRACT. A challenge in land seismic data processing is the coherent noise groundroll. This noise is related to the propagation of surface waves of the Rayleigh type, this undesired event has as characteristics: low frequencies, high amplitudes and strong dispersion, which masks the events of interest in the stacked seismic section. The seismic data from the Tacutu Basin, besides having a low signal-to-noise ratio, are also strongly contaminated by groundroll noise, which makes it a challenge to obtain stacked seismic section with high resolution of this sedimentary basin. The 1D and 2D frequency filters are widely used for groundroll attenuation, but these methods besides attenuating the noisy also eliminate part of the signal by rejecting part of the frequency band of the seismic signal. Therefore, we are introduce a new filter to groundroll attenuation that uses two powerful tools for decomposition of the seismic signal together, minimum phase decomposition and singular value decomposition. The proposed method aims to estimate the reflectivity function for each seismic trace and then perform a decomposition of this reflectivity function. Since the low frequency noise is confined in the first portion of the decomposed signal it is possible to make a separation between the noise and the signal. The filtering method was included in the 2D seismic processing flow chart of the Tacutu Basin. The results showed that the proposed method was capable of attenuate the groundroll noise and generated at the end a stacked seismic section with a good resolution. Keywords: minimum phase decomposition, singular value decomposition, groundroll attenuation.RESUMO. Um desafio no processamento de dados sísmicos terrestres é o ruído coerente groundroll. Este ruído está relacionado à propagação de ondas de superfície do tipo Rayleigh, este evento indesejado tem como características: baixas frequências, altas amplitudes e forte dispersão, o que mascara os eventos de interesse na seção sísmica empilhada. Os dados sísmicos da Bacia do Tacutu, além de apresentar uma baixa relação sinal-ruído, também estão fortemente contaminados pelo ruído do solo, o que dificulta a obtenção de seções sísmicas empilhadas com alta resolução desta bacia sedimentar. Os filtros de frequência 1D e 2D são amplamente utilizados para a atenuação do groundroll, mas esses métodos além de atenuar o ruído também eliminam parte do sinal rejeitando parte da banda de frequência do sinal sísmico. Portanto, estamos introduzindo um novo filtro para a atenuação de groundroll que usa duas ferramentas poderosas para a decomposição do sinal sísmico, decomposição em fase mínima e decomposição em valor singular. O método proposto tem como objetivo estimar a função de refletividade para cada traço sísmico e então realizar a decomposição dessa função refletividade. Uma vez que o ruído de baixa frequência é confinado na primeira porção do sinal decomposto, é possível fazer uma separação entre o ruído e o sinal. O método de filtragem foi incluído no fluxograma de processamento sísmico 2D da Bacia do Tacutu. Os resultados mostraram que o método proposto foi capaz de atenuar o ruído groundroll e gerar ao final uma seção sísmica empilhada com boa resolução.Palavras-chave: decomposição em fase mínima, decomposição em valores singulares, atenuação do groundroll.  


Geophysics ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 52 (11) ◽  
pp. 1473-1482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biondo Biondi ◽  
Joshua Ronen

All the known dip‐moveout (DMO) algorithms that are not integral methods require the seismic data to be sorted in regularly sampled constant‐offset sections. In contrast, the dip‐moveout method proposed here can be applied directly to recorded shot profiles and thus can handle data that cannot be sorted in regular constant‐offset sections. The definition of the shot‐DMO operator is analogous to that of the dip‐moveout operator for constant‐offset sections. The two operators have impulse responses with the same projection on the zero‐offset plane, i.e., the stacking plane; therefore, the application of dip moveout in constant‐offset sections or in shot profiles gives the same stacked section. Dip moveout transforms shot profiles to zero‐offset data, to which any poststack migration can be applied. The shot‐DMO operator is space‐variant and time‐ variant; thus direct application of the operator would be computationally expensive. Fortunately, after a logarithmic transformation of both the time and the space coordinates, the operator becomes time‐invariant and space‐invariant; then dip moveout can be performed efficiently as a multiplication in the Fourier domain. Shot dip moveout is also a useful tool for improving the accuracy of residual velocity analysis performed after the DMO process. Field‐data examples show that the shot‐profile dip‐moveout method yields stacked sections similar to those from Hale’s (1984) dip moveout for constant‐offset sections.


Geophysics ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 823-840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillaume Cambois ◽  
Paul L. Stoffa

In the surface‐consistent hypothesis, a seismic trace is the convolution of a source operator, a receiver operator, a reflectivity operator (representing the subsurface structure) and an offset‐related operator. In the log/Fourier domain, convolutions become sums and the log of signal amplitude at a given frequency is the sum of source, receiver, structural, and offset‐related terms. Recovering the amplitude of the reflectivity for a given frequency is then a linear problem (very similar to a surface‐consistent static correction problem). However, this linear system is underconstrained. Thus, among the infinite number of possible solutions, a particular one must be selected. Studies with real data support the choice of a spatially band‐limited solution. The surface‐consistent operators can then be calculated very efficiently using an inverse Hessian method. Applications to real seismic data show improvement compared with previous techniques. Surface‐consistent deconvolution is robust and fast in the log/Fourier domain. It allows the use of long operators, improves statics estimation, and removes the amplitude variations due to source or receiver coupling.


1969 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 1247-1258
Author(s):  
Abou-Bakr K. Ibrahim

abstract The amplitude spectrum obtained from Haskell's matrix formulation for body waves travelling through a horizontally layered crustal model shows a sequence of minima and maxima. It is known that multiple reflections within the crustal layers produce constructive and destructive interferences, which are shown as maxima and minima in the amplitude spectrum. Analysis of the minima in the amplitude spectra, which correspond to zero phase in the phase spectra, enables us to determine the thickness of the crust, provided the ratio of wave velocity in the crust to velocity under the Moho is known.


Geophysics ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 49 (9) ◽  
pp. 1556-1557
Author(s):  
Heikki Soininen

The authors discussed the behavior of the resistivity spectra by means of the Cole‐Cole dispersion model. They also discussed the corrections with which the petrophysical resistivity spectrum can be reduced into an apparent resistivity spectrum caused by a polarizable body embedded in an unpolarizable environment. The application of the Cole‐Cole dispersion model is a marked step forward in spectral IP analysis. However, closer attention must be paid to the assumptions and approaches on which the authors base the relations between the petrophysical and apparent spectra. The authors based their relations between the true and apparent spectra on the use of the dilution factor [Formula: see text]. In accordance with the definition by Seigel (1959), they assumed that [Formula: see text] is a real constant (independent of frequency) over the whole frequency range under consideration. First consider the justification for the assumption of the existence of a constant factor [Formula: see text] in the light of an example calculated for phase spectra. Similar considerations could also be made with the aid of amplitude spectra.


Geophysics ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 55 (11) ◽  
pp. 1488-1495 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Saatcilar ◽  
S. Ergintav ◽  
N. Canitez

The Hartley transform (HT) is an integral transform similar to the Fourier transform (FT). It has most of the characteristics of the FT. Several authors have shown that fast algorithms can be constructed for the fast Hartley transform (FHT) using the same structures as for the fast Fourier transform. However, the HT is a real transform and for this reason, since one complex multiplication requires four real multiplications, the discrete HT (DHT) is computationally faster than the discrete FT (DFT). Consequently, any process requiring the DFT (such as amplitude and phase spectra) can be performed faster by using the DHT. The general properties of the DHT are reviewed first, and then an attempt is made to use the FHT in some seismic data processing techniques such as one‐dimensional filtering, forward seismic modeling, and migration. The experiments show that the Hartley transform is two times faster than the Fourier transform.


Geophysics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. O55-O66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanting Duan ◽  
Chaodong Wu ◽  
Xiaodong Zheng ◽  
Yucheng Huang ◽  
Jian Ma

The eigenstructure-based coherence attribute is a type of efficient and mature tool for mapping geologic edges such as faults and/or channels in the 3D seismic interpretation. However, the eigenstructure-based coherence algorithm is sensitive to low signal-to-noise ratio seismic data, and the coherence results are affected by the dipping structures. Due to the large energy gap between the low- and high-frequency components, the low-frequency components play the principal role in coherence estimation. In contrast, the spectral variance balances the difference between the low- and high-frequency components at a fixed depth. The coherence estimation based on amplitude spectra avoids the effect of the time delays resulting from the dipping structures. Combining the spectral variance with the amplitude spectra avoids the effect of dipping structures and enhances the antinoise performance of the high-frequency components. First, we apply the short-time Fourier transform to obtain the time-frequency spectra of seismic data. Next, we compute the variance values of amplitude spectra. Then, we apply the fast Fourier transform to obtain the amplitude spectra of spectral variance. Finally, we calculate the eigenstructure coherence by using the amplitude spectra of spectral variance as the input. We apply the method to the theoretical models and practical seismic data. In the Marmousi velocity model, the coherence estimation using the amplitude spectra of the spectral variance as input shows more subtle discontinuities, especially in deeper layers. The results from field-data examples demonstrate that the proposed method is helpful for mapping faults and for improving the narrow channel edges’ resolution of interest. Therefore, the coherence algorithm based on the spectral variance analysis may be conducive to the seismic interpretation.


1994 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 513
Author(s):  
P.V.Hinton P.V.Hinton ◽  
M.G.Cousins ◽  
P.E.Symes

The central fields area of the Gippsland Basin, Australia, includes the Halibut, Cobia, Fortescue, and Mackerel oil fields. These large fields are mature with about 80% of the reserves produced. During 1991 and 1992 a multidisciplinary study, integrating the latest technology, was completed to help optimise the depletion of the remaining significant reserves.A grid of 4500 km of high resolution 3D seismic data covering 191 square kilometres allowed the identification of subtle structural traps as well as better definition of sandstone truncation edges which represent the ultimate drainage points. In addition, the latest techniques in seismic attribute analysis provided insight into depositional environments, seal potential and facies distribution. Sequence stratigraphic concepts were used in combination with seismic data to build complex multi million cell 3D geological models. Reservoir simulation models were then constructed to history match past production and to predict future field performance. Facility studies were also undertaken to optimise depletion strategies.The Central Fields Depletion Study has resulted in recommendations to further develop the fields with about 80 work-overs, 50 infill wells, reduction in separator pressures, and gas lift and water handling facility upgrades. These activities are expected to increase ultimate reserves and production. Some of the recommendations have been implemented with initial results of additional drilling on Mackerel increasing platform production from 22,000 BOPD to over 50,000 BOPD. An ongoing program of additional drilling from the four platforms is expected to continue for several years.


2015 ◽  
Vol 173 (3) ◽  
pp. 749-773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongchae Cho ◽  
Wansoo Ha ◽  
Youngseo Kim ◽  
Changsoo Shin ◽  
Satish Singh ◽  
...  

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