Dynamic poroelasticity: A unified model with the squirt and the Biot mechanisms

Geophysics ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 524-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Dvorkin ◽  
Amos Nur
Keyword(s):  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Acoustic Waves ◽  
Velocity Dispersion ◽  
Viscous Friction ◽  
Coupled Processes ◽  
Flow Mechanism ◽  
Reservoir Properties ◽  
Flow Length ◽  
Fluid Properties ◽  
The Individual

The velocities and attenuation of seismic and acoustic waves in rocks with fluids are affected by the two most important modes of fluid/solid interaction: (1) the Biot mechanism where the fluid is forced to participate in the solid’s motion by viscous friction and inertial coupling, and (2) the squirt‐flow mechanism where the fluid is squeezed out of thin pores deformed by a passing wave. Traditionally, both modes have been modeled separately, with the Biot mechanism treated in a macroscopic framework, and the squirt flow examined at the individual pore level. We offer a model which treats both mechanisms as coupled processes and relates P‐velocity and attenuation to macroscopic parameters: the Biot poroelastic constants, porosity, permeability, fluid compressibility and viscosity, and a newly introduced microscale parameter—a characteristic squirt‐flow length. The latter is referred to as a fundamental rock property that can be determined experimentally. We show that the squirt‐flow mechanism dominates the Biot mechanism and is responsible for measured large velocity dispersion and attenuation values. The model directly relates P‐velocity and attenuation to measurable rock and fluid properties. Therefore, it allows one to realistically interpret velocity dispersion and/or attenuation in terms of fluid properties changes [e.g., viscosity during thermal enhanced oil recovery (EOR)], or to link seismic measurements to reservoir properties. As an example of the latter transformation, we relate permeability to attenuation and achieve good qualitative correlation with experimental data.

Imbibition Oil Recovery Theory and Influencing Factors: A Review

2014 ◽  
Vol 962-965 ◽  
pp. 429-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Zhang ◽  
Kang Yun Wu ◽  
Huan Rao
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Reservoir Rock ◽  
Wettability Alteration ◽  
Effect Factors ◽  
Reservoir Properties ◽  
Ion Desorption ◽  
Fluid Properties ◽  
Relationship Of

Imbibition oil recovery theory main includes capillary forces theory, wettability alteration theory, ion desorption and flow theory. Imbibition is effected by many factors, including the reservoir rock wettability, reservoir properties, fluid properties and environmental factors. Due to the complexity of effect factors, the scholars’ views are not consistent on the imbibition oil recovery theory. In this review, the influencing factors and relationship of imbibition oil recovery theory are presented and comparatively discussed. Furthermore, the latest experimental research methods and progress are introduced as well. At last, the future development of the theory and the problems to be solved are predicted.

Reflecting the Sky in Water

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilaria Cristofaro
Keyword(s):  
The Unconscious ◽  
Related Case ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Fluid Properties ◽  
Phenomenological Perspective ◽  
Auto Ethnography ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Artificial Water ◽  
Land Water

From a phenomenological perspective, the reflective quality of water has a visually dramatic impact, especially when combined with the light of celestial phenomena. However, the possible presence of water as a means for reflecting the sky is often undervalued when interpreting archaeoastronomical sites. From artificial water spaces, such as ditches, huacas and wells to natural ones such as rivers, lakes and puddles, water spaces add a layer of interacting reflections to landscapes. In the cosmological understanding of skyscapes and waterscapes, a cross-cultural metaphorical association between water spaces and the underworld is often revealed. In this research, water-skyscapes are explored through the practice of auto-ethnography and reflexive phenomenology. The mirroring of the sky in water opens up themes such as the continuity, delimitation and manipulation of sky phenomena on land: water spaces act as a continuation of the sky on earth; depending on water spaces’ spatial extension, selected celestial phenomena can be periodically reflected within architectures, so as to make the heavenly dimension easily accessible and a possible object of manipulation. Water-skyscapes appear as specular worlds, where water spaces are assumed to be doorways to the inner reality of the unconscious. The fluid properties of water have the visual effect of dissipating borders, of merging shapes, and, therefore, of dissolving identities; in the inner landscape, this process may represent symbolic death experiences and rituals of initiation, where the annihilation of the individual allows the creative process of a new life cycle. These contextually generalisable results aim to inspire new perspectives on sky-and-water related case studies and give value to the practice of reflexive phenomenology as crucial method of research.

scholarly journals Experimental investigation of the displacement flow mechanism and oil recovery in primary polymer flood operations

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruissein Mahon ◽  
Gbenga Oluyemi ◽  
Babs Oyeneyin ◽  
Yakubu Balogun
Keyword(s):  
Relative Permeability ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Polymer Flooding ◽  
Mobility Control ◽  
List Type ◽  
Motor Oil ◽  
Flow Mechanism ◽  
Fractional Flow ◽  
Recovery Method ◽  
Polymer Flood

Abstract Polymer flooding is a mature chemical enhanced oil recovery method employed in oilfields at pilot testing and field scales. Although results from these applications empirically demonstrate the higher displacement efficiency of polymer flooding over waterflooding operations, the fact remains that not all the oil will be recovered. Thus, continued research attention is needed to further understand the displacement flow mechanism of the immiscible process and the rock–fluid interaction propagated by the multiphase flow during polymer flooding operations. In this study, displacement sequence experiments were conducted to investigate the viscosifying effect of polymer solutions on oil recovery in sandpack systems. The history matching technique was employed to estimate relative permeability, fractional flow and saturation profile through the implementation of a Corey-type function. Experimental results showed that in the case of the motor oil being the displaced fluid, the XG 2500 ppm polymer achieved a 47.0% increase in oil recovery compared with the waterflood case, while the XG 1000 ppm polymer achieved a 38.6% increase in oil recovery compared with the waterflood case. Testing with the motor oil being the displaced fluid, the viscosity ratio was 136 for the waterflood case, 18 for the polymer flood case with XG 1000 ppm polymer and 9 for the polymer flood case with XG 2500 ppm polymer. Findings also revealed that for the waterflood cases, the porous media exhibited oil-wet characteristics, while the polymer flood cases demonstrated water-wet characteristics. This paper provides theoretical support for the application of polymer to improve oil recovery by providing insights into the mechanism behind oil displacement. Graphic abstract Highlights The difference in shape of relative permeability curves are indicative of the effect of mobility control of each polymer concentration. The water-oil systems exhibited oil-wet characteristics, while the polymer-oil systems demonstrated water-wet characteristics. A large contrast in displacing and displaced fluid viscosities led to viscous fingering and early water breakthrough.

scholarly journals Investigation on degradation mechanism of polymer blockages in unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs

e-Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-60
Author(s):  
Wenting Dong ◽  
Dong Zhang ◽  
Keliang Wang ◽  
Yue Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Degradation Mechanism ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Polymer Flooding ◽  
Core Flooding ◽  
Reservoir Properties ◽  
Thermal Analyzer ◽  
Sandstone Reservoirs ◽  
Suction Index ◽  
Weighing Method

AbstractPolymer flooding technology has shown satisfactorily acceptable performance in improving oil recovery from unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs. The adsorption of the polymer in the pore leads to the increase of injection pressure and the decrease of suction index, which affects the effect of polymer flooding. In this article, the water and oil content of polymer blockages, which are taken from Bohai Oilfield, are measured by weighing method. In addition, the synchronous thermal analyzer and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) are used to evaluate the composition and functional groups of the blockage, respectively. Then the core flooding experiments are also utilized to assess the effect of polymer plugs on reservoir properties and optimize the best degradant formulation. The results of this investigation show that the polymer adsorption in core after polymer flooding is 0.0068 g, which results in a permeability damage rate of 74.8%. The degradation ability of the agent consisting of 1% oxidizer SA-HB and 10% HCl is the best, the viscosity of the system decreases from 501.7 to 468.5 mPa‧s.

scholarly journals Development of an analytical model to predict oil reservoirs performance using mechanical waves propagation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hesham A. Abu Zaid ◽  
◽  
Sherif A. Akl ◽  
Mahmoud Abu El Ela ◽  
Ahmed El-Banbi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Reservoir Properties ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
Reservoir Performance ◽  
Mechanical Waves ◽  
Incremental Oil Recovery ◽  
Wave Induced

The mechanical waves have been used as an unconventional enhanced oil recovery technique. It has been tested in many laboratory experiments as well as several field trials. This paper presents a robust forecasting model that can be used as an effective tool to predict the reservoir performance while applying seismic EOR technique. This model is developed by extending the wave induced fluid flow theory to account for the change in the reservoir characteristics as a result of wave application. A MATLAB program was developed based on the modified theory. The wave’s intensity, pressure, and energy dissipation spatial distributions are calculated. The portion of energy converted into thermal energy in the reservoir is assessed. The changes in reservoir properties due to temperature and pressure changes are considered. The incremental oil recovery and reduction in water production as a result of wave application are then calculated. The developed model was validated against actual performance of Liaohe oil field. The model results show that the wave application increases oil production from 33 to 47 ton/day and decreases water-oil ratio from 68 to 48%, which is close to the field measurements. A parametric analysis is performed to identify the important parameters that affect reservoir performance under seismic EOR. In addition, the study determines the optimum ranges of reservoir properties where this technique is most beneficial.

A Procedure to Reduce the Effects of Variable Fluid Temperatures in the Flow Direction: Application to the Design of a Rotary Regenerator

1988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas P. Lewandowski ◽  
Tah-Teh Yang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Analytical Procedure ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Single Element ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Axial Temperature ◽  
Flow Length ◽  
Fluid Properties ◽  
Element Method

The purpose of this paper is to present results of an analytical procedure which accounts for variations in temperature dependent fluid properties in the flow direction of a heat exchanger. The procedure is called the multi-element method and is used in the performance calculations of a rotary regenerator subject to axial temperature variations greater than 2:1. The multi-element method partitions the flow length and evaluates the heat exchanger by combining the performances of each length. The results show graphically the differences between using the multi-element method and a more commonly used single-element method. The differences presented are between the predicted regenerator disk thickness and between the predicted core pressure drop for a variety of operating conditions.

scholarly journals Simulation of Surfactant Oil Recovery Processes and the Role of Phase Behaviour Parameters

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Druetta ◽  
Francesco Picchioni
Keyword(s):  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Phase Behaviour ◽  
Residual Oil ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Oil Saturation ◽  
Recovery Processes ◽  
Fluid Properties ◽  
Injection Water ◽  
Finitedifference Method

Chemical Enhanced Oil Recovery (cEOR) processes comprise a number of techniques whichmodify the rock/fluid properties in order to mobilize the remaining oil. Among these, surfactantflooding is one of the most used and well-known processes; it is mainly used to decrease the interfacialenergy between the phases and thus lowering the residual oil saturation. A novel two-dimensionalflooding simulator is presented for a four-component (water, petroleum, surfactant, salt), two-phase(aqueous, oleous) model in porous media. The system is then solved using a second-order finitedifference method with the IMPEC (IMplicit Pressure and Explicit Concentration) scheme. The oilrecovery efficiency evidenced a strong dependency on the chemical component properties and itsphase behaviour. In order to accurately model the latter, the simulator uses and improves a simplifiedternary diagram, introducing the dependence of the partition coefficient on the salt concentration.Results showed that the surfactant partitioning between the phases is the most important parameterduring the EOR process. Moreover, the presence of salt affects this partitioning coefficient, modifyingconsiderably the sweeping efficiency. Therefore, the control of the salinity in the injection water isdeemed fundamental for the success of EOR operations with surfactants.

3-D seismic imaging and interpretation of Brushy Canyon slope and basin thin‐bed reservoirs, northwest Delaware Basin

Geophysics ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 1507-1519 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. Hardage ◽  
J. L. Simmons ◽  
V. M. Pendleton ◽  
B. A. Stubbs ◽  
B. J. Uszynski
Keyword(s):  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Seismic Reflection ◽  
Reservoir Properties ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Delaware Basin ◽  
Reflection Amplitude ◽  
Production Wells ◽  
Reservoir Conditions ◽  
Subsalt Imaging

A study was done at Nash Draw field, Eddy County, New Mexico, to demonstrate how engineering, drilling, geologic, geophysical, and petrophysical technologies should be integrated to improve oil recovery from Brushy Canyon reservoirs at depths of approximately 6600 ft (2000 m) on the northwest slope of the Delaware basin. These thin‐bed reservoirs were deposited in a slope‐basin environment by a mechanism debated by researchers, a common model being turbidite deposition. In this paper, we describe how state‐of‐the‐art 3-D seismic data were acquired, interpreted, integrated with other reservoir data, and then used to improve the sitting of in‐field wells and to provide facies parameters for reservoir simulation across this complex depositional system. The 3-D seismic field program was an onshore subsalt imaging effort because the Ochoan Rustler/Salado, a high‐velocity salt/anhydrite section, extended from the surface to a depth of approximately 3000 ft (900 m) across the entire study area. The primary imaging targets were heterogenous siltstone and fine‐grained sandstone successions approximately 100 ft (30 m) thick and comprised of complex assemblages of thin lobe‐like deposits having individual thickness of 3 to 6 ft (1 to 2 m). The seismic acquisition was complicated further by (1) the presence of active potash mines around and beneath the 3-D grid that were being worked at depths of 500 to 600 ft (150 to 180 m), (2) shallow salt lakes, and (3) numerous archeological sites. We show that by careful presurvey wave testing and attention to detail during data processing, thin‐bed reservoirs in this portion of the Delaware basin can be imaged with a signal bandwidth of 10 to 100 Hz and that siltstone/sandstone successions 100 ft (30 m) thick in the basal Brushy Canyon interval can be individually detected and interpreted. Further, we show that amplitude attributes extracted from these 3-D data are valuable indicators of the amount of net pay and porosity‐feet in the major reservoir successions and of the variations in the fluid transmissivity observed in production wells across the field. Relationships between seismic reflection amplitude and reservoir properties determined at the initial calibration wells have been used to site and drill two production wells. The first well found excellent reservoir conditions; the second well was slightly mispositioned relative to the targeted reflection‐amplitude trend and penetrated reservoir facies typical of that at other producing wells. Relationships between seismic reflection amplitude and critical petrophysical properties of the thin‐bed reservoirs have also allowed a seismic‐driven simulation of reservoir performance to be initiated.

scholarly journals The acoustic waves propagation in a cylindrical waveguide with the laminar flow

2018 ◽  
Vol 211 ◽  
pp. 04005
Author(s):  
Alexander Petrov ◽  
Valentina Rumyantseva
Keyword(s):  
Wave Propagation ◽  
Laminar Flow ◽  
Acoustic Waves ◽  
Approximate Analytical Solution ◽  
Acoustic Oscillations ◽  
Acoustic Wave Propagation ◽  
Inhomogeneous Flow ◽  
Waves Propagation ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Hydrodynamics Equations

The problem of modeling of acoustic wave propagation in inhomogeneous flow is considered. There is an approximate analytical solution of the hydrodynamics equations in the presence of annular acoustic oscillations source in the case of laminar flow. Special attention is to paid to the propagation of acoustic waves modes. The amplitudes and phases dependences of the individual modes on the Mach number in the linear approximation were established.

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