Full‐wave acoustic logging in an irregular borehole

Geophysics ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 758-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Bouchon ◽  
Denis P. Schmitt

A new boundary integral equation formulation for wave propagation in a borehole of irregular cross‐section represents the wave field diffracted at the borehole‐rock interface by the radiation from a distribution of surface sources applied along the borehole wall. The wave fields in the borehole fluid and in the elastic rock are then expressed using the discrete wavenumber method. Application of boundary conditions at discretized locations along the borehole wall leads to a linear system of equations, whose inversion yields the required source distribution. We have used the method to investigate the effect of changes in borehole diameter on the pressure wave field inside the borehole. When the change is smooth, records obtained ahead of the discontinuity location are not affected by its presence. In the case of a steep variation, however, a significant amount of the Stoneley‐wave energy is reflected. When the borehole diameters are different at the source and receiver levels, the microseismograms obtained are somewhat of an average of those that would have been recorded in constant‐radius source and receiver boreholes, respectively. Small‐scale fluctuations in borehole diameter decrease the velocity of the Stoneley wave and of the pseudo‐Rayleigh wave.

Geophysics ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 475-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Bouchon

We present a method of calculation to simulate the propagation of acoustic and elastic waves generated by a borehole source embedded in a layered medium. The method is formulated as a boundary element technique where the Green’s functions are calculated by the discrete wavenumber method. The restrictive assumptions are that the borehole is cylindrical and that its axis runs normal to the layer interfaces. The physics of the method rely on Huygens’s principle that states that a diffracting boundary—the borehole wall in the present case—can be represented as a distribution of secondary sources. The borehole is discretized into small cylindrical elements and each element is represented by three sources: a volume source representing the wavefield diffracted in the fluid and two surface forces that give rise to the elastic wavefield radiated outside the borehole. The strength of each source is obtained by solving the linear system of equations that describes the boundary conditions at the borehole wall. The method is used to generate synthetic acoustic logs and to investigate the wavefield radiated into the formation. The simulations considered display the Stoneley wave reflections at the bed boundaries and show the importance of the diffraction that takes place where the borehole wall intersects the layer interfaces.


Geophysics ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
pp. 1415-1424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Paul ◽  
Michel Campillo

Numerical modeling is used to investigate the effect of small‐scale irregularities of a reflecting boundary on elastic wave reflections. The scattered wave field is computed by using a discretized form of boundary integral equations and a plane‐wave decomposition of seismic wave fields. For various values of incidence angle of the P wave, we compute the distribution of diffracted energy for both P waves and S waves as a function of reflection angle. We show that corrugations with mean wavelength of the order of, or smaller than, the seismic wavelength have little effect on the reflected P wave. However, the pattern of P‐to‐S conversion is very different from that with a plane boundary. Scattered S waves appear at postcritical angles for any angle of incidence of the P wave. The amplitude of these nongeometrical shear waves decreases rapidly with decreasing amplitude of the corrugations, or when the mean wavelength of the corrugations becomes larger than the dominant seismic wavelength. The local geometry of the irregularities has a negligible effect on the scattered S waves. By analogy with perturbation theory, we propose interpreting the postcritically scattered S waves as the contribution to the shear wave field of converted inhomogeneous P waves diffracted along the boundary.


2003 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 661-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. El-Karamany

A general model of generalized linear thermo-viscoelasticity for isotropic material is established taking into consideration the rheological properties of the volume. The given model is applicable to three generalized theories of thermoelasticity: the generalized theory with one (Lord-Shulman theory) or with two relaxation times (Green-Lindsay theory) and with dual phase-lag (Chandrasekharaiah-Tzou theory) as well as to the dynamic coupled theory. The cases of thermo-viscoelasticity of Kelvin-Voigt model or thermoviscoelasticity ignoring the rheological properties of the volume can be obtained from the given model. The equations of the corresponding thermoelasticity theories result from the given model as special cases. A formulation of the boundary integral equation (BIE) method, fundamental solutions of the corresponding differential equations are obtained and an example illustrating the BIE formulation is given.


2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Rudolphi

<br /><br /> <table width="530" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tr> <td align="left" valign="top"> <a name="abstract"></a> <span class="subtitle" style="font-weight:bold">Abstract</span><br /> <p><img src="http://ejbe.libraries.rutgers.edu/files/rizzo.gif" align=left HSPACE=20>This is the first of two special issues of the Electronic Journal of Boundary Elements dedicated to Frank Rizzo. To say that Frank Rizzo played an important role in the development of what he referred to as “boundary integral equations� would not give much credit to where much credit is due. While it could be argued that the use of integral equations to formulate and form a computational basis of many of the problems of applied mathematics and engineering would probably have been inevitably developed, it was Frank’s seminal work on using the integral equation approach to classical elastostatics that set a whole new research area into motion. His dissertation (which we thought would be of interest to include in this issue) topic, as suggested by his mentor Marvin Stippes at the University of Illinois, and subsequently so well documented in the oft-cited paper “An Integral Equation Approach to Boundary Value Problems of Classical Elastostatics�, Quarterly of Applied Mechanics, 1967, represented the quantum step in the use of integral equations for classical scalar potential problems to the vector potential problems of practical engineering significance. The theoretical basis for this development was Betti’s reciprocal work theorem with the fundamental (response to a point force) solution of the equations of elastostatics, but it was Frank Rizzo who actually breathed the new life into this classical mathematics. A nontrivial contribution of Frank’s original work was to not only to achieve the singular integral equation formulation, but also the systematic methodology of reducing the elegant integral equation formulation to well conditioned, linear algebraic equations by proper analytical integration of the singular terms. Those combined theoretical and practical developments by Frank set into motion a whole new and modern approach to numerically solving partial differential equations, at least of the elliptic type. With Frank’s hard work and the recognition of its elegance and potential by several of his early disciples, the integral equation method blossomed into a powerful and practical computational methodology that would eventually be called “boundary elements�. Amongst the early disciples of the integral equation method, several of which contributed significantly to advancing the methodology to a sophisticated and now mature state, are the authors of this issue and its sequel dedicated to Frank. It is undoubtedly fair to say that most of these authors were, at one time or even continuously, colleagues and personal friends of Frank Rizzo. Frank’s contributions to the boundary integral equation method spanned nearly four decades, from roughly 1964 to 2001. I, too, have been very privileged to become involved with this field in the 1970’s and later to work side by side with Frank, especially in that part of the development of the methodology for what is now referred to as “hypersingular� integral equations. I’m sure that all the present authors can recall numerous occasions and conversations with Frank on a technical point or issue regarding the application of “his� boundary integral method to their own problem of interest. Throughout his productive career, his easy going, collegial, engaging, yet rigorous style earned him respect and admiration that surely befits the “father� of modern boundary integral methods. This commemorative sequence of two issues represents only a small token of tribute and recognition that Frank Rizzo so much deserves for his “singular� contributions to the field that he virtually invented, developed, promoted and nurtured to maturity. Thomas J. Rudolphi Iowa State University <br /><br /><br /> </td> </tr> </table>


1979 ◽  
Vol 23 (01) ◽  
pp. 20-31
Author(s):  
R. B. Chapman

A numerical method is presented for solving the transient two-dimensional flow induced by the motion of a floating body. The free-surface equations are linearized, but an exact body boundary condition permits large-amplitude motion of the body. The flow is divided into two parts: the wave field and the impulsive flow required to satisfy the instantaneous body boundary condition. The wave field is represented by a finite sum of harmonics. A nonuniform spacing of the harmonic components gives an efficient representation over specified time and space intervals. The body is represented by a source distribution over the portion of its surface under the static waterline. Two modes of body motion are discussed—a captive mode and a free mode. In the former case, the body motion is specified, and in the latter, it is calculated from the initial conditions and the inertial properties of the body. Two examples are given—water entry of a wedge in the captive mode and motion of a perturbed floating body in the free mode.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaurav Chauda ◽  
Daniel J. Segalman

Abstract To obtain detail in elastic, frictional contact problems involving contact many — at least tens, and more suitably hundreds [1] — of nodes are necessary over the contact patch. Generally, this fine discretization results in intractable numbers of system equations that must be solved, but this problem is greatly mitigated when the elasticity of the contacting bodies is represented by elastic compliance matrices rather than stiffness matrices. An examination of the classical analytic expressions for the contact of disks — an example of smooth contact — shows that for most standard engineering metals, such as brass, steel, or titanium, the pressures that would cause more than one degree of arc of contact would push the materials past the elastic limit. The discretization necessary to capture the interface tractions would be on the order of at least tens of nodes. With the resulting boundary integral formulation would involve several hundreds of nodes over the disk, and the corresponding finite element mesh would have tens of thousands. The resulting linear system of equations must be solved at each load step and the numerical problem becomes extremely difficult or intractable. A compliance method of facilitating extremely fine contact patch resolution can be achieved by exploiting Fourier analysis and the Michell solution. The advantages of this compliance method are that only degrees of freedom on the surface are introduced and those not in the region of contact are eliminated from the system of equations to be solved.


1988 ◽  
Vol 110 (4) ◽  
pp. 355-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. N. Brooks

Integral equations are derived to calculate the stresses and displacements in the neighborhood of a load-carrying rigid attachment in a shallow cylindrical shell. The integral equation formulation is simplified by modifying existing Green functions for the unbounded shell to account for simply supported boundary conditions at the ends of the vessel. The resulting equations are solved numerically. Three forces and three moments applied to the attachment are the loadings considered. Results for circular attachments agree with those found by other authors using different solution methods and with experiments.


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