On: P. Maliphant’s Discussion (GEOPHYSICS, 52, p. 816, June 1987) of “Alternative processing techniques and data improvement provided by single‐sweep recording,” by S. W. Belcher, T. L. Pratt, J. K. Costain, and C. Coruh (GEOPHYSICS, 51, 1736–1742, September 1986).

Geophysics ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 562-563
Author(s):  
R. G. Heath
Keyword(s):  
Data Rate ◽  
Daily Cost ◽  
Hardware Cost ◽  
Phase Encoding ◽  
Direct Relevance ◽  
Alternative Processing ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Data Improvement ◽  
Processing Techniques

It is clear that the field cost of recording single sweep Vibroseis data or any other form of nonsite‐processed data increases at least in proportion to the tape cost. Picking the example of 9-track 1600 bpi (phase encoding) drives may not be of direct relevance in Europe, where most recording is on 6250 bpi (GCR) decks, but the hardware cost of adding another 6250 bpi drive, plus possibly some small additional necessary pieces of equipment, is of order of $100,000. Costs would be less in purchasing a 1600 bpi drive but savings made over the cost of the 6250 bpi system would quickly be lost by extra tape cost. Most real Vibroseis crews nowadays have a higher data rate than that suggested by the 48 traces mentioned in Maliphant’s discussion. Additional daily cost would, therefore, be much larger than $1300/day.

On: “Alternative processing techniques and data improvement provided by single‐sweep recording,” by S. W. Belcher, T. L. Pratt, J. K. Costain, and C. Çoruh (GEOPHYSICS, 51, 1736–1742, September, 1986)

Geophysics ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 816-816
Author(s):  
Peter Maliphant
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Processing ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Data Improvement ◽  
Processing Techniques

The subject of single‐sweep Vibroseis recording has been a source of discussion among U.K. acquisition personnel for some time.

Alternative processing techniques and data improvement provided by single‐sweep recording

Geophysics ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 1736-1742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven W. Belcher ◽  
Thomas L. Pratt ◽  
John K. Costain ◽  
Cahit Çoruh
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Data ◽  
Rift Basin ◽  
Seismic Reflection Data ◽  
Alternative Processing ◽  
Reflection Data ◽  
Conventional Procedure ◽  
Separate Source ◽  
Data Improvement ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
Source Array

The conventional procedure used to acquire Vibroseis® seismic reflection data is to sum in the field the contributions from several vibrator sources distributed over the source array. An alternative method of recording the data which provides more flexibility in the processing is to record the output from each pad position in the source array rather than summing in the field. Prewhitening these data before summing can improve the signal‐to‐noise (S/N) ratio. If cancellation of surface waves by a source array is not a requirement, then processing each sweep as a separate source point can result in increased lateral resolution. These procedures were applied to seismic data over a buried rift basin in the southeastern United States. The results demonstrate improvement in the S/N ratio and spatial resolution that enable better interpretation of the complex, internal geometry of the basin.

Low-temperature Mo-catalyzed growth of crystalline Si3N4 by CVD

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 918-919
Author(s):  
K.L. More ◽  
R.A. Lowden ◽  
T.M. Besmann
Keyword(s):  
Vapor Deposition ◽  
Hot Isostatic Pressing ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Processing Method ◽  
Crystalline Material ◽  
Structural Ceramic ◽  
Alternative Processing ◽  
Strong Candidate ◽  
Hot Pressing Sintering ◽  
Processing Techniques

Silicon nitride possesses an attractive combination of thermo-mechanical properties which makes it a strong candidate material for many structural ceramic applications. Unfortunately, many of the conventional processing techniques used to produce Si3N4, such as hot-pressing, sintering, and hot-isostatic pressing, utilize significant amounts of densification aids (Y2O3, Al2O3, MgO, etc.) which ultimately lowers the utilization temperature to well below that of pure Si3N4 and also decreases the oxidation resistance. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is an alternative processing method for producing pure Si3N4. However, deposits made at temperatures less than ~1200°C are usually amorphous and at slightly higher temperatures, the deposition of crystalline material requires extremely low deposition rates (~5 μm/h). Niihara and Hirai deposited crystalline α-Si3N4 at 1400°C at a deposition rate of ~730 μm/h. Hirai and Hayashi successfully lowered the CVD temperature for the growth of crystalline Si3N4 by adding TiCl4 vapor to the SiCl4, NH3, and H2 reactants. This resulted in the growth of α-Si3N4 with small amounts of TiN at temperatures as low as 1250°C.

Robustness versus Performance Assessment for Different Gamma-TiAl Processing Routes

2011 ◽  
Vol 1295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Thomas
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Processing Route ◽  
Transportation Industry ◽  
Tial Alloys ◽  
Alternative Processing ◽  
Aerospace Applications ◽  
Robust Processing ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
Robust Process

ABSTRACTOne of the main driving force for the development of advanced structural materials is weight saving especially in the transportation industry in order to reduce CO2 emission. The utilization of gamma aluminides, as good candidates for aerospace applications, is strongly related to the development of a cost-effective and robust processing route, as far as possible. It is well established that the processing route, i.e. cast, wrought or PM, has a dramatic effect on the microstructure and texture of gamma-TiAl alloys. Therefore, significant microstructural variations through post-heat treatments coupled with compositional modifications can only guarantee a proper balance of desired properties. However, a number of metallurgical factors during the processing steps can contribute to some scattering in properties. This review will highlight several critical process variables in terms of the resulting g-TiAl microstructures. Of primary importance is the as-cast texture which is difficult to control and may contribute to prefer some alternative processing routes to ensure a better repeatability in mechanical results. Some innovative processing techniques for controlling the structure will then be presented. The main point which will be discussed in this paper is whether an approach leading to a robust process would not be at the expense of the high performance of the structural material.

scholarly journals Multi-Blockchain-Based IoT Data Processing Techniques to Ensure the Integrity of IoT Data in AIoT Edge Computing Environments

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 3515
Author(s):  
Sung-Ho Sim ◽  
Yoon-Su Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Constant Size ◽  
Computing Environments ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Cloud Servers ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
And Control

As the development of IoT technologies has progressed rapidly recently, most IoT data are focused on monitoring and control to process IoT data, but the cost of collecting and linking various IoT data increases, requiring the ability to proactively integrate and analyze collected IoT data so that cloud servers (data centers) can process smartly. In this paper, we propose a blockchain-based IoT big data integrity verification technique to ensure the safety of the Third Party Auditor (TPA), which has a role in auditing the integrity of AIoT data. The proposed technique aims to minimize IoT information loss by multiple blockchain groupings of information and signature keys from IoT devices. The proposed technique allows IoT information to be effectively guaranteed the integrity of AIoT data by linking hash values designated as arbitrary, constant-size blocks with previous blocks in hierarchical chains. The proposed technique performs synchronization using location information between the central server and IoT devices to manage the cost of the integrity of IoT information at low cost. In order to easily control a large number of locations of IoT devices, we perform cross-distributed and blockchain linkage processing under constant rules to improve the load and throughput generated by IoT devices.

Detecting Thread Features Based on Digital Image Processing Techniques

2014 ◽  
Vol 889-890 ◽  
pp. 1107-1110
Author(s):  
Han Ming Cai ◽  
Pei Yao Wang ◽  
Xiao Mei Song
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Digital Image Processing ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
Measurement Accuracy ◽  
Measuring Method ◽  
Image Processing Techniques ◽  
Basic Image ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
Gauge Measurement

Thread features of the traditional measuring method mainly adopts working gauge measurement, due to limitations in the traditional thread features measurement accuracy is relatively low, the efficiency is low, the cost is high. The thread features detection method based on digital image processing techniques using CCD to obtain basic image of thread, processing the thread image, extracting thread outline, calculating thread features through the computer, improves the efficiency, saves the cost.

scholarly journals Design and Analysis of an Approximate Adder with Hybrid Error Reduction

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 471
Author(s):  
Hyoju Seo ◽  
Yoon Seok Yang ◽  
Yongtae Kim
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Cmos Technology ◽  
Error Reduction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Reduction Scheme ◽  
Hardware Cost ◽  
Mean Error ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Error Distance

This paper presents an energy-efficient approximate adder with a novel hybrid error reduction scheme to significantly improve the computation accuracy at the cost of extremely low additional power and area overheads. The proposed hybrid error reduction scheme utilizes only two input bits and adjusts the approximate outputs to reduce the error distance, which leads to an overall improvement in accuracy. The proposed design, when implemented in 65-nm CMOS technology, has 3, 2, and 2 times greater energy, power, and area efficiencies, respectively, than conventional accurate adders. In terms of the accuracy, the proposed hybrid error reduction scheme allows that the error rate of the proposed adder decreases to 50% whereas those of the lower-part OR adder and optimized lower-part OR constant adder reach 68% and 85%, respectively. Furthermore, the proposed adder has up to 2.24, 2.24, and 1.16 times better performance with respect to the mean error distance, normalized mean error distance (NMED), and mean relative error distance, respectively, than the other approximate adder considered in this paper. Importantly, because of an excellent design tradeoff among delay, power, energy, and accuracy, the proposed adder is found to be the most competitive approximate adder when jointly analyzed in terms of the hardware cost and computation accuracy. Specifically, our proposed adder achieves 51%, 49%, and 47% reductions of the power-, energy-, and error-delay-product-NMED products, respectively, compared to the other considered approximate adders.

CFC Alternative Cleaning Systems: Alternative Processing Techniques and Their Effectiveness in Precision Cleaning

1991 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
Ken Marts ◽  
John Howard
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Isopropyl Alcohol ◽  
Processing Equipment ◽  
Alternative Processing ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
Product Team

A multidisciplined product team comprised of Engineering, Operations, Safety, and Environmental Management assessed the feasibility of various cleaning materials and processing equipment for precision cleaning. Precleaning using an aqueous-based cleaner followed by isopropyl alcohol spray final clean were the materials and methods selected to replace 1,1,1-trichloroethane proclean (vapor degrease) and CFC-113 final clean.

Approaches to the Design and Processing of Novel Titanium Alloys

2007 ◽  
Vol 29-30 ◽  
pp. 127-130
Author(s):  
Colleen J. Bettles ◽  
Rimma Lapovok ◽  
H.P. Ng ◽  
Dacian Tomus ◽  
Barry C. Muddle
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Powder Processing ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Processing Technologies ◽  
Shape Processing ◽  
New Processing ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Processing Techniques

The range of commercial titanium alloys available is currently extremely restricted, with one alloy (Ti-6Al-4V), and derivatives of it, accounting for a very large proportion of all applications. High performance alloys are costly to fabricate and limited to low-volume applications that can sustain the cost. With the emergence of new processing technologies that promise to reduce significantly the cost of production of titanium metal, especially in powder form, there is an emerging imperative for cost-effective near net shape powder processing techniques to permit the benefit of reduced metal cost to be passed on to higher-volume applications. Equally, there is a need for the design and development of new alloys that are intrinsically low-cost and lend themselves to fabrication by novel cost-effective net shape processing. The approaches that might be used to select, design and process both conventional alloys and novel alloy systems will be reviewed, with a focus on innovation in design of low-cost alloys amenable to new processing paths and increasingly tolerant of variability in composition.

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