On: “A Kalman filter approach to susceptibility mapping” by Mark Pilkington and D. J. Crossley (GEOPHYSICS, 52, 655–664, May 1987).

Geophysics ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 561-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelson C. Steenland
Keyword(s):  
Kalman Filter ◽  
Gravity Field ◽  
Potential Field ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Salt Dome ◽  
Susceptibility Mapping ◽  
Filter Approach ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Distribution Of Magnetization ◽  
Single Constant

A single anomaly may be exactly satisfied by a single, constant, magnetization contrast. (“Magnetization” proves to be a much more effective unit to use than “susceptibility.”) These contrasting bodies have discrete boundaries, so the distribution of magnetization shows abrupt discontinuities between adjacent bodies with uniform, single values. Field studies confirm this habit. So to show “apparent susceptibilities” (i.e., Figure 9) as a continuously varying “potential” field may be correct, depending upon the definition of “apparent,” but it is not an accurate nor even helpful exercise. (Try to imagine this process operated over a gravity field in a salt dome province with densities varying continuously within salt which, as is well known, stay remarkably constant at 2.2 g/cc.)

scholarly journals Occupational exoskeletons: A roadmap toward large-scale adoption. Methodology and challenges of bringing exoskeletons to workplaces

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Crea ◽  
Philipp Beckerle ◽  
Michiel De Looze ◽  
Kevin De Pauw ◽  
Lorenzo Grazi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Specific Work ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Large Scale Field ◽  
Standards And Regulations ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract The large-scale adoption of occupational exoskeletons (OEs) will only happen if clear evidence of effectiveness of the devices is available. Performing product-specific field validation studies would allow the stakeholders and decision-makers (e.g., employers, ergonomists, health, and safety departments) to assess OEs’ effectiveness in their specific work contexts and with experienced workers, who could further provide useful insights on practical issues related to exoskeleton daily use. This paper reviews present-day scientific methods for assessing the effectiveness of OEs in laboratory and field studies, and presents the vision of the authors on a roadmap that could lead to large-scale adoption of this technology. The analysis of the state-of-the-art shows methodological differences between laboratory and field studies. While the former are more extensively reported in scientific papers, they exhibit limited generalizability of the findings to real-world scenarios. On the contrary, field studies are limited in sample sizes and frequently focused only on subjective metrics. We propose a roadmap to promote large-scale knowledge-based adoption of OEs. It details that the analysis of the costs and benefits of this technology should be communicated to all stakeholders to facilitate informed decision making, so that each stakeholder can develop their specific role regarding this innovation. Large-scale field studies can help identify and monitor the possible side-effects related to exoskeleton use in real work situations, as well as provide a comprehensive scientific knowledge base to support the revision of ergonomics risk-assessment methods, safety standards and regulations, and the definition of guidelines and practices for the selection and use of OEs.

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