DIRECT INTERPRETATION OF GEOELECTRIC MEASUREMENTS BY THE USE OF LINEAR FILTER THEORY

Geophysics ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Niwas
Keyword(s):  
Kernel Function ◽  
Apparent Resistivity ◽  
Linear Filter ◽  
Intermediate Step ◽  
Electrical Measurements ◽  
Filter Theory ◽  
Direct Interpretation ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Electrical Soundings

In a recent paper Lee and Green (1973) worked out a method for direct interpretation of electrical soundings made over a fault or dike (see Figure 1). They computed the kernel function using the method developed by Meinardus (1970). However, Koefoed (1968), while dealing with direct interpretation of electrical measurements made over a horizontally layered earth, showed that the relative variations in the apparent resistivity were not of the same order of magnitude in the corresponding kernel curve; thus, any method based on the determination of this function as the intermediate step would lead to a loss of information and hence to incorrect interpretation. Koefoed (1970) introduced a function T(λ) called the resistivity transform (a function related to the kernel function) as an intermediate step. Ghosh (1971) used linear filter theory and gave a simple and quick procedure to obtain the T(λ) function from the apparent resistivity field curve. He cited the properties of the T function as, (1) it is solely determined by the layer distribution; (2) it is an unambiguous representation of the [Formula: see text] function; and (3) for small and large values of 1/λ it approaches the [Formula: see text] curves.

A RAPID GRAPHICAL METHOD FOR THE INTERPRETATION OF A‐ AND H‐TYPE ELECTRICAL SOUNDINGS

Geophysics ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 822-833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adel A. R. Zohdy
Keyword(s):  
Graphical Method ◽  
Middle Layer ◽  
Correct Interpretation ◽  
Electrical Measurements ◽  
Type Curve ◽  
Parametric Curve ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Electrical Sounding ◽  
Electrical Soundings

Three‐layer vertical electrical sounding (VES) curves that register the effect of a highly resistive electric basement are of either the minimum (H) or the double‐ascending (A) type. The correct interpretation of these two important types of VES curves depends largely on the successful determination of the resistivity of the second layer. This resistivity can sometimes be evaluated from electric logs, from a comparative study of field VES curves, from electrical measurements on outcrops, or from parametric VES curves. A new single auxiliary curve has been devised to help interpret both these types of VES curves, provided that the resistivity of the second layer is known. The thickness of the middle layer is determined accurately and rapidly by the value of the abscissa at the intersection of the total longitudinal conductance line S with the new auxiliary curve. The auxiliary curve is used to interpret an H‐type curve, an A‐type curve, and a five‐layer (KQH‐type) parametric VES curve. Analysis of the KQH parametric curve shows that the resistivity of the third layer may vary by more than a thousandfold without affecting the shape of the curve, whereas the resistivities of the second and fourth layers may correspondingly vary by less than one order of magnitude.

To: “Direct Interpretation of Geoelectric Measurements by the Use of Linear Filter Theory,” by Sri Niwas, GEOPHYSICS, v. 40, p. 121–122.

Geophysics ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 886-886
Keyword(s):  
Linear Filter ◽  
Filter Theory ◽  
Direct Interpretation

In the article, “Direct Interpretation of Geoelectric Measurements by the Use of Linear Filter Theory”, by Sri Niwas, Geophysics, v. 40, p. 121–122, the following corrections should be made: (1) In Figure 1, the Y-axis is in fact the Z-axis, and the Z-axis is the Y-axis (as referred to in the text). (2) In Figure 1, the resistivity of the dike is [Formula: see text] and that of the subsequent medium is [Formula: see text]. (3) Equation (9) should be [Formula: see text]

scholarly journals Determination of the Spread of Heavy Metal from Ori-Ile Battery Waste Dumpsite Using Electrical Resistivity Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mutiu A. Fakunle ◽  
James A. Adegoke ◽  
Joseph O. Enemali
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Apparent Resistivity ◽  
Apparent Conductivity ◽  
Resistivity Method ◽  
Dug Wells ◽  
Electrical Soundings ◽  
Electrical Resistivity Method ◽  
Agricultural Plants

Abstract Contaminants from waste dumpsites have become sources of concern. Disposed wastes (Heavy metal) from battery industries could contaminate soil, agricultural plants, and groundwater. Therefore, this study aimed at the determination of the migration of heavy metal (Lead) from a Battery Waste Dumpsite using the electrical resistivity method. Using Schlumberger array, fifteen (15) Vertical Electrical Soundings (VES) were carried out around a Battery Waste Dumpsite in Ori –Ile, Ikumapaiyi at Olodo community, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. Preliminary analyses of VES data were performed and were fed into software (WINRESIST 1.0) for qualitative interpretation to reveal apparent resistivity values, the number of layers, and thickness. Three and four layers of topsoil, sandy-clayed, weathered/fractured basement, and basement were obtained. Various values of lowest apparent resistivity and depths of penetration of leached lead on the four sides of the battery waste dumpsite were obtained. The lowest apparent resistivity values obtained were converted to apparent conductivity and plotted against the distance of each VES point. Five collected water samples from available hand-dug wells around the dumpsite were analyzed for the presence of lead using an Atomic Absorption Spectrometer. Graph of apparent conductivity against VES distance indicated a decrease in conductivities with distance, an indication of reduction of Concentration of lead with distance. The level of Lead ranged from 0.081 to 0.770 mg/L which was above the tolerance level of 0.01 mg/L of WHO and SON, an indication of heavy metal pollution in groundwater. This study has established that lead ions were present in groundwater and had spread to a distance of 80 m from the battery waste dumpsite and were more pronounced on the southern region of the dumpsite.

Development of a method for multielemental determination in water by EDXRF with radioisotopic source of 238Pu.

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2A) ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilo Fuentes Serrano ◽  
Juan Reinaldo Estevez Alvares ◽  
Alfredo Montero Alvarez ◽  
Ivan Pupo Gonzales ◽  
Zahily Herrero Fernandez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Expanded Uncertainty ◽  
Considerable Decrease ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Precipitation Efficiency ◽  
Method Of Determination ◽  
Sensitivity Curves ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Metrological Parameters

A method for determination of Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Hg and Pb in waters by Energy Dispersive X Ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) was implemented, using a radioisotopic source of 238Pu. For previous concentration was employed a procedure including a coprecipitation step with ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (APDC) as quelant agent, the separation of the phases by filtration, the measurement of filter by EDXRF and quantification by a thin layer absolute method. Sensitivity curves for K and L lines were obtained respectively. The sensitivity for most elements was greater by an order of magnitude in the case of measurement with a source of 238Pu instead of 109Cd, which means a considerable decrease in measurement times. The influence of the concentration in the precipitation efficiency was evaluated for each element. In all cases the recoveries are close to 100%, for this reason it can be affirmed that the method of determination of the studied elements is quantitative. Metrological parameters of the method such as trueness, precision, detection limit and uncertainty were calculated. A procedure to calculate the uncertainty of the method was elaborated; the most significant source of uncertainty for the thin layer EDXRF method is associated with the determination of instrumental sensitivities. The error associated with the determination, expressed as expanded uncertainty (in %), varied from 15.4% for low element concentrations (2.5-5 μg/L) to 5.4% for the higher concentration range (20-25 μg/L).

scholarly journals Fluorescent Orthopalladated Complexes of 4-Aryliden-5(4H)-Oxazolones from the Kaede Protein: Synthesis and Characterization

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 1238
Author(s):  
Eduardo Laga ◽  
David Dalmau ◽  
Sofía Arregui ◽  
Olga Crespo ◽  
Ana I. Jimenez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intramolecular Interactions ◽  
Ortho Position ◽  
Fluorescent Properties ◽  
Ancillary Ligands ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mononuclear Complexes ◽  
Fluorescence Measurements ◽  
Anionic Ligands ◽  
Order Of Magnitude

The goal of the work reported here was to amplify the fluorescent properties of 4-aryliden-5(4H)-oxazolones by suppression of the hula-twist non-radiative deactivation pathway. This aim was achieved by simultaneous bonding of a Pd center to the N atom of the heterocycle and the ortho carbon of the arylidene ring. Two different 4-((Z)-arylidene)-2-((E)-styryl)-5(4H)-oxazolones, the structures of which are closely related to the chromophore of the Kaede protein and substituted at the 2- and 4-positions of the arylidene ring (1a OMe; 1b F), were used as starting materials. Oxazolones 1a and 1b were reacted with Pd(OAc)2 to give the corresponding dinuclear orthometalated palladium derivates 2a and 2b by regioselective C–H activation of the ortho-position of the arylidene ring. Reaction of 2a (2b) with LiCl promoted the metathesis of the bridging carboxylate by chloride ligands to afford dinuclear 3a (3b). Mononuclear complexes containing the orthopalladated oxazolone and a variety of ancillary ligands (acetylacetonate (4a, 4b), hydroxyquinolinate (5a), aminoquinoline (6a), bipyridine (7a), phenanthroline (8a)) were prepared from 3a or 3b through metathesis of anionic ligands or substitution of neutral weakly bonded ligands. All species were fully characterized and the X-ray determination of the molecular structure of 7a was carried out. This structure has strongly distorted ligands due to intramolecular interactions. Fluorescence measurements showed an increase in the quantum yield (QY) by up to one order of magnitude on comparing the free oxazolone (QY < 1%) with the palladated oxazolone (QY = 12% for 6a). This fact shows that the coordination of the oxazolone to the palladium efficiently suppresses the hula-twist deactivation pathway.

A METHOD FOR THE DIRECT INTERPRETATION OF ELECTRICAL SOUNDINGS MADE OVER A FAULT OR DIKE

Geophysics ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 762-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry Lee ◽  
Ronald Green
Keyword(s):  
Bessel Functions ◽  
Direct Analysis ◽  
Hankel Transform ◽  
Approximation Technique ◽  
Polarization Data ◽  
Resistivity Data ◽  
Vertical Fault ◽  
Direct Interpretation ◽  
Electrical Soundings ◽  
Infinite Integral

The potential function for a point electrode in the vicinity of a vertical fault or dike may be expressed as an infinite integral involving Bessel functions. Beginning with such an expression, two methods are presented for the direct analysis of resistivity data measured both normal and parallel to dikes or faults. The first method is based on the asymptotic expansion of the Hankel transform of the field data and is suitable for surveys done parallel to the strike of the dike or fault. The second method is based on a successive approximation technique which starts from an initial approximate solution and iterates until a solution with prescribed accuracy is found. Both methods are suitable for programming on a digital computer and some illustrative numerical results are presented. These examples show the limitations of the methods. In addition, the application of resistivity data to the interpretation of induced‐polarization data is pointed out.

Expected Improvement in the Determination of G Using an X Pendulum

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1967-1974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuaki Kuroda ◽  
Mark A. Barton ◽  
Atsushi Onae ◽  
Yukinobu Miki
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Constant ◽  
New Technique ◽  
Expected Improvement ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Experimental Errors ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
Newtonian Gravitational Constant

We propose the application of a new technique, the X pendulum, to determine the Newtonian gravitational constant G. We evaluate the likely experimental errors for configurations realizable with existing technologies and show that improvement of the accuracy by an order of magnitude or more is possible.

PRELIMINARY EVALUATION OF PATIENT RADIATION DOSES DURING RADIONUCLIDE DIAGNOSTIC WITH MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES LABELED WITH 89Zr

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larisa A. Chipiga ◽  
Anna E. Petrova ◽  
Artem A. Mosunov ◽  
Laura T. Naurzbaeva ◽  
Stanislaus M. Kushnarenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Dose Assessment ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Software Products ◽  
Absorbed Doses ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Effective Doses

In connection with the constantly increasing use of monoclonal antibodies labeled with 89Zr, in clinical practice, it is urgent to study their pharmacokinetics with the determination, based on the data obtained, of absorbed doses in tumor foci, as well as intact organs and tissues, and effective doses of patients. To date, there are a limited number of studies that provide patient doses for diagnostic examinations using 89Zr-labeled monoclonal antibodies. In this regard, the purpose of this work was to assess the biodistribution of various monoclonal antibodies (ramucirumab, trastuzumab, atezolizumab) labeled with 89Zr, based on published data, with subsequent calculation of absorbed doses in radiosensitive organs and tissues and effective doses of patients. Based on the analysis of experimental data on the biodistribution of monoclonal antibodies labeled with 89Zr for the diagnosis of oncological diseases from the available literature sources and our own assessments, it has been concluded that the results of the determination of absorbed in organs and tissues and effective doses are inconsistent. The absorbed doses in organs, according to different literature sources, vary up to an order of magnitude within one organ and reach 440 mGy per examination, the effective dose varies from 3 to 112 mSv per examination. This may be due to differences in study design, radiometry and dose assessment methods. Comparison with doses obtained on the basis of a general model of biodistribution of monoclonal antibodies demonstrates the possibility of using this model for a rough estimate of internal doses of patients. However, for a more accurate assessment, it is necessary to standardize approaches to the determination of internal radiation doses using the most effective methodological solutions and software products.

Moment-tensor solutions for the 24 November 1987 Superstition Hills, California, earthquakes

1989 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 493-499
Author(s):  
Stuart A. Sipkin
Keyword(s):  
Main Shock ◽  
Moment Tensor ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Origin Time ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Filter Theory ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Seismograph Network ◽  
Scalar Moment

Abstract The teleseismic long-period waveforms recorded by the Global Digital Seismograph Network from the two largest Superstition Hills earthquakes are inverted using an algorithm based on optimal filter theory. These solutions differ slightly from those published in the Preliminary Determination of Epicenters Monthly Listing because a somewhat different, improved data set was used in the inversions and a time-dependent moment-tensor algorithm was used to investigate the complexity of the main shock. The foreshock (origin time 01:54:14.5, mb 5.7, Ms 6.2) had a scalar moment of 2.3 × 1025 dyne-cm, a depth of 8 km, and a mechanism of strike 217°, dip 79°, rake 4°. The main shock (origin time 13:15:56.4, mb 6.0, Ms 6.6) was a complex event, consisting of at least two subevents, with a combined scalar moment of 1.0 × 1026 dyne-cm, a depth of 10 km, and a mechanism of strike 303°, dip 89°, rake −180°.

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