RECOMMENDED STANDARDS FOR DIGITAL TAPE FORMATS

Geophysics ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. P. Meiners ◽  
L. L. Lenz ◽  
A. E. Dalby ◽  
J. M. Hornsby
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Data ◽  
Digital Recording ◽  
Field Recording ◽  
Work Done

This paper is the result of work done by a subcommittee of the SEG Committee on Digital Recording Standards. It recommends an additional tape format for 9‐track field recording of seismic data and an optional use of 1600 bpi, as well as 800 bpi, for all field formats.

The Seismic Research Observatory

1976 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 2049-2068 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon Peterson ◽  
Howell M. Butler ◽  
L. Gary Holcomb ◽  
Charles R. Hutt
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Data ◽  
Broad Band ◽  
Computer Processing ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Digital Recording ◽  
Digital Form ◽  
Data Resource ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Period Data ◽  
Mass Position

abstract Thirteen advanced seismograph systems, called Seismic Research Observatories (SRO), are being installed as part of a program to upgrade the worldwide seismic data network. The SRO system was created by combining a recently developed broad-band borehole seismometer and a software-controlled recording system. The seismometers are being installed at a depth of 100 meters to avoid wind-generated noise in the long-period band. A seismometer output that is flat in acceleration between periods of 1 and 50 sec is used to produce both short- and long-period data that are recorded on analog drum recorders and in digital form on magnetic tape. Very-long-period data, obtained from the seismometer mass position output, can be recorded as well. Digital recording of gain-ranged data provides an amplitude of nearly 120 dB. Preliminary evaluation of the SRO data system indicates that major design objectives have been met. The network of SRO stations will be an important new data resource for seismological investigations, especially for those studies that require computer processing of the data.

THE DIGITAL PROCESSING OF SEISMIC DATA

Geophysics ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 988-1002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Silverman
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Data ◽  
Communication Theory ◽  
Digital Filtering ◽  
Digital Processing ◽  
Wiener Filtering ◽  
Seismic Process ◽  
Field Recording ◽  
Noise Characteristics ◽  
Velocity Filtering

The paper discusses the background of the problem of signal and noise in the seismic process, and the application of the principles of communication theory to this problem. The limitations of the seismic process are discussed along with the types of noises involved, the methods of rejecting noise, the use of filters to reduce noise, characteristics of filters, and the relationships between frequency domain, time domain, mathematical, and digital filters. In the discussion of the electronic data processing of seismic information, the characteristics of an ideal seismic digital computer system are developed in relation to the characteristics of seismic data. The choice between digital and analog field recording is discussed in relation to the needs of the seismic process and the quality of the seismic data. Among the mathematical processes discussed are velocity filtering and a number of types of Wiener filtering, including horizontal stacking, deghosting, deconvolution, and multitrace digital filtering.

Offset panel

Geophysics ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 1140-1152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas K. Fulton ◽  
K. Michele Darr
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Data ◽  
Single Channel ◽  
Seismic Source ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
High Amplitude ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Geometric Patterns ◽  
Field Recording ◽  
Common Depth Point

The offset panel is a display of basic seismic data which combines single‐channel profiles from successive offsets (source‐to‐receiver distances) into one format. The profiles are displayed one below another and arranged vertically by offset and horizontally by common‐depth‐point. This arrangement allows for comparison of variations observed at one offset to those at another offset. Alteration of the data due to near‐surface geologic variations generates geometric patterns on the display which are different from patterns due to changes in seismic source or receiver. This display has utility in data processing to verify field recording geometry, monitor the seismic source (primarily a marine application), and determine processing parameters. It aids data interpretation by allowing for the detection of an anomalous velocity zone in the near‐surface which may affect deeper structural interpretation. Utilization of the offset panel in identification of shallow events of high amplitude also allows identification of shallow drilling hazards in the marine environment with conventional seismic data.

THE INFORMATION CONTENT OF A RIEBER SONOGRAM

Geophysics ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 761-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. Trorey
Keyword(s):  
Data Processing ◽  
Seismic Data ◽  
Fourier Transforms ◽  
Processing Method ◽  
Directional Sensitivity ◽  
Seismic Data Processing ◽  
Simple Argument ◽  
Field Recording ◽  
Data Processing Method ◽  
Original Field

Shortly after F. Rieber originally proposed the seismic data processing method of controlled directional sensitivity (CDS), whose end‐product is a “sonogram,” considerable criticism and discussion of the method appeared in geophysical literature. Certain of this criticism apparently had to do with the belief that CDS did not faithfully preserve all the information contained in the original field recording. This paper shows by a simple argument based on Fourier Transforms that CDS causes no such loss of information.

Digitization of the Carnegie Analog Broadband Instruments Tape Records (1965–1996)

2020 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 1441-1451
Author(s):  
Steven Golden ◽  
Lara S. Wagner ◽  
Brian Schleigh ◽  
Daniela Power ◽  
Diana C. Roman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Data ◽  
Force Feedback ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Digital Recording ◽  
Carnegie Institution ◽  
Ongoing Effort ◽  
Recorded Data ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Scientific Value

Abstract Between 1965 and 2003, the Carnegie Institution of Washington’s Department of Terrestrial Magnetism operated a continuous network of nine broadband seismographs with locations in South America, Japan, Iceland, Papua New Guinea, and Washington, D.C. The Carnegie seismographs designed in the 1960s by Selwyn Sacks were among the earliest broadband instruments, sensing between at least 30 s and ∼30  Hz. Given the scarcity of historic seismic data of comparable bandwidth and dynamic range prior to the widespread shift to force-feedback instruments and digital recording around the mid-1980s, this dataset is still of high scientific value today. The Carnegie seismographs recorded data to magnetic tapes meant to be read and analyzed using a custom playback system. Since 1989 these tapes have been stored in a climate-controlled, electromagnetically shielded room, which preserved them in reasonably good condition. However, some tapes now show signs of moisture damage, and reading them is difficult and time consuming by today’s standards, creating a barrier to the use of this dataset. To overcome these issues, we have undertaken an ongoing effort to digitize this dataset with the goal of making it publicly available in Standard for the Exchange of Earthquake Data (SEED) format at the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology Data Management Center (IRIS DMC).

Evaluation of single-electron movies of glutamine synthetase molecules

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 280-281
Author(s):  
W. Kunath ◽  
E. Zeitler ◽  
M. Kessel
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Glutamine Synthetase ◽  
Electron Irradiation ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Single Electron ◽  
Continuous Series ◽  
Digital Recording ◽  
Recording Device ◽  
Low Exposure

The features of digital recording of a continuous series (movie) of singleelectron TV frames are reported. The technique is used to investigate structural changes in negatively stained glutamine synthetase molecules (GS) during electron irradiation and, as an ultimate goal, to look for the molecules' “undamaged” structure, say, after a 1 e/Å2 dose.The TV frame of fig. la shows an image of 5 glutamine synthetase molecules exposed to 1/150 e/Å2. Every single electron is recorded as a unit signal in a 256 ×256 field. The extremely low exposure of a single TV frame as dictated by the single-electron recording device including the electron microscope requires accumulation of 150 TV frames into one frame (fig. lb) thus achieving a reasonable compromise between the conflicting aspects of exposure time per frame of 3 sec. vs. object drift of less than 1 Å, and exposure per frame of 1 e/Å2 vs. rate of structural damage.

Social Cognition in Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 243-249
Author(s):  
Ronja Weiblen ◽  
Melanie Jonas ◽  
Sören Krach ◽  
Ulrike M. Krämer
Keyword(s):  
Tourette Syndrome ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Mirror Neuron System ◽  
Mirror Neuron ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Neural Processes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Decision Making System ◽  
Social Decision Making ◽  
Work Done

Abstract. Research on the neural mechanisms underlying Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) has mostly concentrated on abnormalities in basal ganglia circuits. Recent alternative accounts, however, focused more on social and affective aspects. Individuals with GTS show peculiarities in their social and affective domain, including echophenomena, coprolalia, and nonobscene socially inappropriate behavior. This article reviews the experimental and theoretical work done on the social symptoms of GTS. We discuss the role of different social cognitive and affective functions and associated brain networks, namely, the social-decision-making system, theory-of-mind functions, and the so-called “mirror-neuron” system. Although GTS affects social interactions in many ways, and although the syndrome includes aberrant social behavior, the underlying cognitive, affective, and neural processes remain to be investigated.

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