GEOPHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN 1968

Geophysics ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 821-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Allen
Keyword(s):  
World Wide ◽  
Petroleum Exploration ◽  
Geophysical Surveys ◽  
Mining Exploration

Total expenditures reported for geophysical surveys for all purposes on a world‐wide basis during 1968 were $800.6 million, up 1 percent from the $790.9 million reported in 1967. This comprises $734.0 million for petroleum exploration, down 1 percent from the $744.9 million reported in 1967; $41.4 million for mining exploration, up 28 percent from the $32.3 million reported in 1967; $20.3 million for groundwater, engineering, and construction, up 62 percent from the $12.6 million reported in 1967; and $4.9 million for oceanographic surveys, up 325 percent from the $1.1 million reported in 1967. The expenditures for petroleum exploration were 91.7 percent of the total for all purposes, compared with 94.1 percent reported in 1967.

The use of multispectral satellite imagery in the exploration for petroleum and minerals

1983 ◽  
Vol 309 (1508) ◽  
pp. 243-255 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Imagery ◽  
Infrared Spectra ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Mineral Exploration ◽  
Landsat Imagery ◽  
Petroleum Exploration ◽  
Multispectral Satellite Imagery ◽  
Geophysical Surveys ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
New Generation

The paper reviews the application of multispectral satellite imagery to mineral and petroleum exploration, from the stage when satellite imagery first became available, with the launch of ERTS-1 (Landsat) just over 10 years ago, to the present day. The operation of Landsat is briefly described, and it is noted that the continuing success of this system for geological application has been in part due to the development of a world-wide network of receiving stations and the application of sophisticated data-processing techniques. Current research into the measurement of infrared spectra for the discrimination of rocks and minerals is discussed. Interpretation techniques are important but their success depends largely upon the experience of the interpreters as geologists. Examples of the use of Landsat imagery in exploration are given, and interpretations techniques are reviewed. Combining Landsat interpretation with that of regional geophysical surveys can bring important advantage. Finally the new generation of imaging multispectral satellites is described and the implications with regard to petroleum and mineral exploration are discussed.

SIMPSON DESERT SUB-BASIN—A PROMISING PERMIAN TARGET

1973 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
George E. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Lower Jurassic ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
Petroleum Exploration ◽  
Seismic Exploration ◽  
Upper Permian ◽  
Lower Permian ◽  
Geophysical Surveys ◽  
Carbonaceous Shales ◽  
Cap Rock ◽  
Simpson Desert

Sediments of three major basins occur in the Simpson Desert region of central Australia:Cambro -Ordovician dolomites and sandstones, and Siluro- Devonian conglomerates, sandstones and shales, related to the Amadeus Basin:Permian conglomerates, sandstones, shales and coals of the Simpson Desert Sub-basin, the extensive eastern lobe of the Pedirka Basin:Mesozoic sandstones and shales of the Eromanga Basin.Principal petroleum exploration interest is presently directed toward the Permian sediments, which have many features in common with the petroleum producing Permian section of the neighbouring Cooper Basin.Lower Permian sediments known from drilling in the Simpson Desert Sub-basin comprise glaciofluvial conglomerates and sandstones overlain by fluvial and lacustrine sandstones, silt-stones, shales and coals. The maximum thickness encountered in wells is 1,479 ft (448 m) in Mokari 1.Recent seismic exploration 50 to 100 mi (80-160 km) west of Poeppel Corner in the deeper part of the Simpson Desert Sub-basin indicates that an additional sediment package up to 1,500 ft (350 m) thick occurs at depths of 6,500 to 7,500 ft (2,000-2,300 m) between Lower Permian and Lower Jurassic sections. This sediment package, nowhere penetrated by drilling, may be Middle to Upper Permian and/or Triassic in age. It is of great significance to petroleum exploration in the sub-basin and substantially upgrades the hydrocarbon prospects of the region.Permian sediments in the Simpson Desert Sub-basin thin by onlap, wedge out and stripping over the crests of anticlinal growth structures. Crestal sediments probably comprise mainly porous sandstones, grading off-structure into thicker sequences containing carbonaceous shales and coals. Such carbonaceous potential source rocks are probably best developed in the deepest part of the sub-basin, where Triassic cap rock may also be present. Two particularly promising drilling targets—the Colson Anticline and the East Colson Anticline—have been revealed by recent geophysical surveys in this portion of the sub-basin. Wells drilled on these structures may intersect Permo-Triassic sediments up to 2,200 + ft (670 in) thick which are comparable in age and type with producing sections in the Cooper Basin.

GEOPHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN 1967 APPLIED TO MINING EXPLORATION

Geophysics ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 903-910 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Hood ◽  
William C. Kellogg
Keyword(s):  
Average Cost ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Geophysical Methods ◽  
Induced Polarization ◽  
Mining Companies ◽  
Electromagnetic Methods ◽  
Polarization Technique ◽  
Mining Exploration

Data on world‐wide geophysical activity in mining exploration programs is collected annually by the SEG Geophysical Activity Committee as part of a continuing service to the industry. The data is obtained by sending out questionnaires to all organizations which are known to be carrying out mining geophysical work; the organizations canvassed include mining companies, contractors, government departments and universities. The questionnaire is divided into three sections, namely ground methods, airborne methods, and research. The data compiled from the questionnaires shows that world‐wide utilization of mining geophysical methods reached a new high in 1967 with total expenditures of U.S. $32,323,240. This was divided as follows: ground methods—$18,106,785; airborne methods—$10,123,405; and research $4,093,050. For the ground methods, most money was spent on the induced‐polarization technique ($5,681,780); electromagnetic methods were second in reported expenditure ($2,010,900). Total reported geophysical line‐mileage flown was 1,275,072 line‐miles, with aeromagnetic surveying being the most popular airborne method. Total amount spent on aeromagnetic surveys was $5,832,564 for 895,420 line‐miles. This gives an average cost for aeromagnetic surveys of $6.50 per line‐mile.

GEOPHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN 1975

Geophysics ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 780-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. R. Espey
Keyword(s):  
Geophysical Methods ◽  
Groundwater Exploration ◽  
Computer Processing ◽  
Petroleum Exploration ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Survey Questionnaire ◽  
Geothermal Exploration ◽  
Unit Costs ◽  
Geophysical Surveys ◽  
Geophysical Techniques

This report provides statistics on worldwide use of geophysical methods in 1975. Data were obtained primarily through a survey questionnaire which was mailed out to more than 1500 companies, government agencies, and universities that use geophysical techniques for petroleum exploration, oceanography, engineering, mining, geothermal exploration, and groundwater exploration. Response to the survey was excellent and provided detailed information on more than 2100 geophysical surveys. Data on unit costs, methods used, and line‐miles covered are believed to be more accurate this year as a result of better cooperation from industry in filling out the questionnaires. Computer processing was utilized in tabulating the statistics to provide increased accuracy and detail. Data not supplied on the questionnaire for costs or line mileage were estimated on the basis of worldwide averages to produce a more comprehensive report.

scholarly journals Developments in petroleum exploration in and around Greenland 1969-1974

1975 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 13-16
Author(s):  
G Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Sedimentary Basins ◽  
Petroleum Exploration ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Petroleum Potential ◽  
West Greenland ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Geophysical Surveys

The rapidly increasing interest that has been shown in the petroleum potential of the Arctic during the last decade has caused attention to be focussed on the sedimentary basins of Greenland and its offshore areas. During the period up to 1966 sporadic interest was shown in the petroleum potential of onshore West Greenland. In 1966 parties from two oil companies visited Nûgssuaq and Disko. None of this work was followed up by geophysical surveys or drilling.

THE GEOLOGY OF THE OFFSHORE CANNING BASIN, WESTERN AUSTRALIA

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 78 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Challinor
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Geophysical Data ◽  
Petroleum Exploration ◽  
Canning Basin ◽  
Hydrocarbon Reservoir ◽  
Geophysical Surveys ◽  
Australian Continent ◽  
Carnarvon Basin

The Canning Basin is a major geological province of Western Australia and of the Australian continent. It constitutes a major crustal down-warp between the Precambrian Kimberley and Pilbara Blocks and extends offshore onto the wide Rowley Shelf. A large part of this shelf is held under petroleum exploration permit by a group of companies of which B.O.C. of Australia Limited is operator.To date no wells have been drilled in this offshore Canning Basin but extensive geophysical surveys have allowed an interpretive geological model to be presented. This model is based upon an interpretation of geophysical data by extrapolation from offshore data and well control in the Carnarvon Basin and onshore well, outcrop and geophysical data in the Canning Basin.The major Palaeozoic structural features of the Broome Swell and Fitzroy Graben which characterise the onshore Canning Basin extend offshore beneath Mesozoic and Tertiary cover. Thick Palaeozoic and Permo-Triassic sediments are thus expected offshore in the Fitzroy Graben extension and in a major sub-basin at the offshore margin of the Pilbara Block called the Bedout Sub-basin. This sub-basin is believed to have had continued development during the Mesozoic with the accumulation of large thicknesses of Jurassic-Cretaceous sediments. It is restricted further offshore by the structurally positive Rankin Platform, a feature reflected in a large positive gravity anomaly.Mesozoic deposition was associated with a westerly tilt of the Rowley Shelf and Mesozoic thickness consequently increases westwards. The tilt increased during the Tertiary with the development of a major Tertiary stratigraphic wedge locally reaching 8000-10,000 feet in thickness at the shelf edge.Sedimentary deposition was controlled throughout Phanerozoic time by periodic epeirogenic warping related to uplift of the two major blocks. These movements caused considerable structural fragmentation and initiated periods of exiensive erosion. Complex lithofacies variations are thus expected and multiple intra-sectional unconformities are evident.The area contains many fault induced fold features, some compressional folds and extensive stratigraphic trap potential. Coarse clastic units with high hydrocarbon reservoir potential are expected to occur in close association with postulated marine Mesozoic basinal shale sequences. Similar deposits in the Carnarvon Basin and its offshore extension have been proved to be hydrocarbon bearing and productive (Barrow Island). The hydrocarbon potential of the offshore Canning Basin is thus rated highly.

RECENT EXPLORATION DEVELOPMENTS IN THE NGALIA BASIN, NORTHERN TERRITORY

1983 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 182
Author(s):  
D. D. Benbow ◽  
J. Davidson ◽  
J. Mulready
Keyword(s):  
Source Rock ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Petroleum Exploration ◽  
Seismic Survey ◽  
Gravity Survey ◽  
Geochemical Data ◽  
Surface Mapping ◽  
Northern Margin ◽  
Geophysical Surveys

Petroleum exploration of the Ngalia Basin commenced with the Pacific-American Oil Company's seismic and gravity survey in 1964, followed by geological and geophysical surveys by the Bureau of Mineral Resources (BMR) between 1967 and 1978, and then Magellan's Ngalia seismic and gravity survey in 1971.After a ten year break, exploration resumed with the drilling of the Davis-1 well by a consortium of Australian companies which farmed-in to Magellan's Ngalia Basin Permit (OP165). The well was drilled on the flank of a large east-west trending anticlinal dome outlined by surface mapping and limited seismic coverage, and located near the northern margin of the basin. The section penetrated in the well consists of 1134 m of Carboniferous-Devonian sediments unconformably overlying 479 m of probable Cambro-Ordovician marine sediments, which in turn unconformably overlie approximately 246 m of marine ?Adelaidean sediments, including a basal sequence of dark grey marine shale. Source rock analysis indicates that this latter section may provide a significant source rock potential for the basin. A small gas flow was observed during the course of the well, which was air-drilled to a total depth of 1899 m, bottoming in metamorphics which are tentatively correlated with the Pre-Cambrian Patmungala Beds (?Arunta Block). The current exploration effort is now aimed at:more deeply buried structures in the Naburula Fault Trough, in the western half of the basin, andsub-surface extensions of the Walbiri-Bloodwood Fold Zone, in the eastern half.In both cases a more extensive section of marine Cambro-Ordovician age rocks is anticipated, and the limited geochemical data available suggest that these sediments should lie within the oil window.The Newhaven-Mt Allan Seismic Survey, consisting of 344 km of 12-fold vibroseis coverage was shot in these areas in November-December, 1981, in an attempt to define prospects and leads for evaluation by additional drilling over the next three years. The structures mapped to date include reverse faulted blocks with salt-involvement in the Newhaven area to the west, and "sled-runner" thrusts with a plane of décollement in salt in the Mt Allan area to the east.

Rotational Characteristics of the Green Solar Corona: 1947-1991

1994 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 139-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Rybák ◽  
V. Rušin ◽  
M. Rybanský
Keyword(s):  
Solar Corona ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Rotation Period ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Coronal Emission ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The World ◽  
Coronal Emission Line ◽  
Homogeneous Data

AbstractFe XIV 530.3 nm coronal emission line observations have been used for the estimation of the green solar corona rotation. A homogeneous data set, created from measurements of the world-wide coronagraphic network, has been examined with a help of correlation analysis to reveal the averaged synodic rotation period as a function of latitude and time over the epoch from 1947 to 1991.The values of the synodic rotation period obtained for this epoch for the whole range of latitudes and a latitude band ±30° are 27.52±0.12 days and 26.95±0.21 days, resp. A differential rotation of green solar corona, with local period maxima around ±60° and minimum of the rotation period at the equator, was confirmed. No clear cyclic variation of the rotation has been found for examinated epoch but some monotonic trends for some time intervals are presented.A detailed investigation of the original data and their correlation functions has shown that an existence of sufficiently reliable tracers is not evident for the whole set of examinated data. This should be taken into account in future more precise estimations of the green corona rotation period.

Electron Microscopy of Silicon Nitride-Based Ceramics

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 926-927
Author(s):  
Gareth Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Silicon Nitride ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Liquid Phase Sintering ◽  
High Temperature Strength ◽  
Sintering Additives ◽  
Glass Forming ◽  
Dense Product

Silicon nitride and silicon nitride based-ceramics are now well known for their potential as hightemperature structural materials, e.g. in engines. However, as is the case for many ceramics, in order to produce a dense product, sintering additives are utilized which allow liquid-phase sintering to occur; but upon cooling from the sintering temperature residual intergranular phases are formed which can be deleterious to high-temperature strength and oxidation resistance, especially if these phases are nonviscous glasses. Many oxide sintering additives have been utilized in processing attempts world-wide to produce dense creep resistant components using Si3N4 but the problem of controlling intergranular phases requires an understanding of the glass forming and subsequent glass-crystalline transformations that can occur at the grain boundaries.

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