SHOOTING FOR DEEP REFRACTION EXPERIMENTS

Geophysics ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Underwood ◽  
John Elliston ◽  
Kenneth E. Mathews
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Abandoned Mine ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Mine Shaft ◽  
Seismic Experiment ◽  
Refraction Seismic

Ammonium Nitrate—Fuel Oil explosive loaded into an abandoned mine shaft can be a convenient energy source for a deep refraction seismic experiment. Two such sites have been shot successfully in Australia.

Characteristics of Rg waves recorded from quarry blasts in central Texas

1995 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 1232-1235
Author(s):  
Tom T. Goforth ◽  
Jessie L. Bonner
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Working Face ◽  
Central Texas ◽  
Seismological Observatory

Abstract Chemical blasts from quarrying operations in central Texas are routinely recorded by the W. M. Keck Foundation Seismological Observatory near China Spring, Texas. The Keck Observatory consists of a single, broadband, three-component, borehole seismograph system. Five quarries, located at distances ranging from 16 to 101 km from the observatory, each detonate from 1 to 6 tons of ammonium nitrate/fuel oil explosive on the average of twice per week. For every quarry for which the orientation of the working face could be determined, dispersed Rg waves are recorded at the Keck Observatory from those quarries at which the working face is directed away from the observatory, but are not observed or are severely attenuated from those quarries at which the working face is directed toward the observatory. Seismograms containing the dispersed Rg are easily recognized as quarry blasts, but those in which the dispersed Rg is absent look like small earthquakes.

Safety assessment of Ammonium Nitrate Fuel Oil (ANFO) manufactory

2018 ◽  
pp. 35-39
Author(s):  
D.S. Bonifácio ◽  
E.B.F. Galante ◽  
A.N. Haddad
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Fuel Oil

Deep-Ocean Exploitation Technology

1971 ◽  
Vol 8 (02) ◽  
pp. 145-158
Author(s):  
Raymond Kaufman
Keyword(s):  
Continental Shelf ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Deep Ocean ◽  
Abandoned Mine ◽  
Economic Potential ◽  
Mining Method ◽  
Mine Shaft ◽  
Sea Floor ◽  
Ocean Mining ◽  
Air Lift

The paper discusses the latest techniques proposed for mining minerals from the deep ocean. Deep ocean is defined as the sea beyond the continental shelf, particularly areas of the sea floor exceeding 1200 ft in depth. The three principal deep-ocean minerals having economic potential in the immediate future are identified. Four recently proposed advanced deep-ocean mining concepts are presented. Use of the air-lift pump as a viable mining method is discussed and a large-scale air-lift pump experiment conducted in an abandoned mine shaft at Galax, Virginia is described. The principal features of the conversion of a small C1-M-AV1 type cargo ship to a deep-ocean mining prototype vessel, RV Deepsea Miner, is outlined.

scholarly journals Structural and Morphological Quantitative 3D Characterisation of Ammonium Nitrate Prills by X-Ray Computed Tomography

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1230
Author(s):  
Fabien Léonard ◽  
Zhen Zhang ◽  
Holger Krebs ◽  
Giovanni Bruno
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Oil Retention ◽  
X Ray Computed

The mixture of ammonium nitrate (AN) prills and fuel oil (FO), usually referred to as ANFO, is extensively used in the mining industry as a bulk explosive. One of the major performance predictors of ANFO mixtures is the fuel oil retention, which is itself governed by the complex pore structure of the AN prills. In this study, we present how X-ray computed tomography (XCT), and the associated advanced data processing workflow, can be used to fully characterise the structure and morphology of AN prills. We show that structural parameters such as volume fraction of the different phases and morphological parameters such as specific surface area and shape factor can be reliably extracted from the XCT data, and that there is a good agreement with the measured oil retention values. Importantly, oil retention measurements (qualifying the efficiency of ANFO as explosives) correlate well with the specific surface area determined by XCT. XCT can therefore be employed non-destructively; it can accurately evaluate and characterise porosity in ammonium nitrate prills, and even predict their efficiency.

scholarly journals The Effect of Biodiesel Blends Made from Carica papaya L. Seeds on the Performance of Diesel Engine

2019 ◽  
Vol 130 ◽  
pp. 01009
Author(s):  
Fandi Dwiputra Suprianto ◽  
Willyanto Anggono ◽  
Teng Sutrisno ◽  
Daniel William Gunawan ◽  
Gabriel Jeremy Gotama
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Soxhlet Method ◽  
Papaya Seed

Fuel oil is one of the important parts to support daily activities. The demand for fuel oil is increasing every year. Therefore, the search for the latest energy source is continuously conducted. Carica papaya L. seed oil is investigated as a renewable energy source replacement part of petroleum diesel fuel. C. papaya seed oil obtained through the extraction process using soxhlet method with n-hexane solvent. Then produce methylester by means of transesterification using 1 % NaOH catalyst and 20 % methanol of the weight of the oil and stirred at 400 rpm for 1 h. A mixture consisting of 10 % C. papaya seed biodiesel and 90 % petroleum diesel fuel, called CPSB-10, produces fuel properties that meet the specified standards by the Indonesian Directorate General of Oil and Gas. From the result of the performance test in a diesel test engine, the maximum brake power and brake thermal are consecutively 30.6 kW and 140.23 N m, the lowest sfc is 268 g kW–1 h–1, and the highest brake thermal efficiency is 32 %.

scholarly journals The refraction seismic experiment GRANU95 in the Saxothuringian belt, southeastern Germany

1998 ◽  
Vol 133 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enderle ◽  
Schuster ◽  
Prodehl ◽  
Schulze ◽  
Bribach
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Experiment ◽  
Refraction Seismic

scholarly journals Improving ANFO: Effect of Additives and Ammonium Nitrate Morphology on Detonation Parameters

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (19) ◽  
pp. 5745
Author(s):  
Magdalena Fabin ◽  
Tomasz Jarosz
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Detonation Parameters ◽  
Effect Of Additives ◽  
Method Of Production

Ammonium nitrate–fuel oil (ANFO) is one of the most widely used explosives for civilian purposes. Its main advantages are its low price and simple method of production. The main disadvantages of this material are low water resistance and problems related to non-ideal detonation, which can be a potential hazard when using ANFO. Due to this, research has been conducted for many years to find suitable additives for ANFO that would have the effect of offsetting its drawbacks. The aim of this review was to describe factors affecting the energetic properties of ANFO, including the highlighting of substances that could potentially be additives to ANFO formulations that would reduce the negative effects of non-ideal detonation, while avoiding adversely impacting the effectiveness of the explosive in blasting operations, as well as its sensitivity parameters.

scholarly journals Energy and Economic Comparison of Different Fuels in Cement Production

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwafemi M. Fadayini ◽  
Clement Madu ◽  
Taiwo T. Oshin ◽  
Adekunle A. Obisanya ◽  
Gloria O. Ajiboye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Energy Consuming ◽  
Production Output ◽  
Cement Manufacturing ◽  
Impact Data

Cement clinkerisation is the major energy-consuming process in cement manufacturing due to the high-temperature requirement. In this paper, energy data including specific energy consumption, forms, and types of energy used at different units of cement manufacturing processes were analyzed and compared for effectiveness, availability, cost, environmental, and health impact. Data from three different cement industries in Nigeria labeled as A, B, and C were used for the analysis in this study. The results of this research work established that coal is the cheapest energy source but environmental issues exonerate it from being the choice energy source. LPFO and Natural gas give better production output while minimizing pollution and health issues. When benchmarked against each other, Factory B was found to be the most energy-efficient in terms of output and cost of production. Although coal is cheaper compared to fuel oil and supposed to contribute a share of fuel used in cement industries, the industries are moving towards the use of alternative and conventional fuels to reduce environmental pollution. It is therefore recommended that deliberate effort to achieve appreciable energy-efficient levels should be the priorities of the cement industries in Nigeria.

scholarly journals A review study on energy harvesting systems for vehicles

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 251-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umut Aksu ◽  
Recep Halicioglu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Automotive Sector ◽  
Slowing Down ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Harvesting Systems ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Waste Energy

The widespread and increasing consumption of fossil-based fuels as an energy source causes a rapid decrease of these natural sources, as well as an increase of pollution in the atmosphere. Fuel oil, one of the products of fossil fuels, is today the commonly used energy source for transportation. The importance of contributing to the fuel economy and of increasing environmental consciousness have necessitated certain measures in the automotive sector, as well as in other industrial sectors. Therefore, the technological developments recently carried out in the automotive sector aim to reduce the consumption of fossil fuels, for example by recovering waste energy in vehicles. In this direction, efforts have been centered upon the development of energy harvesting systems that provide energy recovery from dynamic parts of the vehicles, such as suspensions. Moreover, the regenerative braking systems that recover some amount of kinetic energy of the vehicles slowing down have been developed and have been in use long since. In this study, research studies on providing the recovery of the vehicles’ waste energy are reviewed with their comparisons.

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