INDUCED POLARIZATION, A STUDY OF ITS CAUSES

Geophysics ◽  
1959 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 790-816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald J. Marshall ◽  
Theodore R. Madden
Keyword(s):  
Induced Polarization ◽  
Ion Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Flow ◽  
Electrical Measurements ◽  
Polarization Effects ◽  
Geologic Materials ◽  
Diffusion Effects ◽  
Flow Phenomena ◽  
Electrode Interface ◽  
And Diffusion

The causes of induced electrical polarization include not only the polarization of metal‐solution interfaces, but also effects associated with the coupling of different flows. Electro‐osmotic, thermal electric, and ion diffusion effects are among such examples. A study of the physical properties of geologic materials indicates that only electrode interface and diffusion flow phenomena are important sources of induced polarization effects. It was attempted to find characteristic differences between these two phenomena. Theoretical and experimental considerations show that the kinetic processes involved are quite similar in the two cases. This leads to difficulties in identifying the polarizing agent from electrical measurements, although the effects of well mineralized zones are easily recognized.

Induced‐polarization response of zeolitic conglomerate and carbonaceous siltstone

Geophysics ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. H. Nelson ◽  
W. H. Hansen ◽  
M. J. Sweeney
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Response ◽  
Induced Polarization ◽  
Phase Response ◽  
Electrical Measurements ◽  
Intimate Contact ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Core Samples ◽  
Rock Types ◽  
Geologic Materials

Three case studies investigating induced‐polarization (IP) responses of a zeolite‐bearing conglomerate and of two carbonaceous siltstones are presented. The IP response of these noneconomic geologic materials can either mask or mimic the response from sulfide mineralization which is sought by electrical field surveys. The nonsulfide rock types which produced unusually high responses on IP field surveys were sampled by core drilling for chemical, mineralogical, and electrical laboratory study. The electrical response of core samples was measured in a four‐electrode sample holder over the 0.03–1000 Hz range. Geologic description of the core, petrographic examination of thin sections, mineral identification by x‐ray diffraction (XRD), and chemical analysis of samples supplemented the electrical measurements. A surface phase response of 20 mrad was obtained from field surveys over the Gila conglomerate at an Arizona location. Core samples of the Gila were examined in thin section, and clast surfaces were found to be coated with a thin layer of zeolites. These zeolites project into pore spaces in the conglomerate, and thus are in intimate contact with formation waters. A series of laboratory experiments suggests that zeolites cause most of the observed IP response. Phase responses as high as 100 mrad were measured with field surveys over siltstone and limestone sequences in western Nevada. Samples recovered from the Luning and Gabbs‐Sunrise formations include siltstones containing small amounts of amorphous carbon. These siltstones are very conductive electrically, and the high‐phase response is attributed to polarization of the carbon‐pore water interface. Low porosity in these carbonaceous siltstones enhances the phase response.

Diffraction-Induced Polarization Effects in Optical Pattern Formation

1999 ◽  
Vol 82 (10) ◽  
pp. 2087-2090 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Papoff ◽  
G. D'Alessandro ◽  
W. J. Firth ◽  
G.-L. Oppo
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Formation ◽  
Induced Polarization ◽  
Polarization Effects ◽  
Optical Pattern

Induced-polarization measurements on unconsolidated sediments from a site of active hydrocarbon biodegradation

Geophysics ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. H13-H24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gamal Z. Abdel Aal ◽  
Lee D. Slater ◽  
Estella A. Atekwana
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Acid Leaching ◽  
Induced Polarization ◽  
Microbial Processes ◽  
Microbial Colonization ◽  
Unconsolidated Sediments ◽  
Hydrocarbon Biodegradation ◽  
Electrical Measurements ◽  
A Site

To investigate the potential role that indigenous microorganisms and microbial processes may play in altering lowfrequency electrical properties, induced-polarization (IP) measurements in the frequency range of 0.1 to 1000 Hz were acquired from sediment samples retrieved from a site contaminated by hydrocarbon undergoing intrinsic biodegradation. Increased imaginary conductivity and phase were observed for samples from the smear zone (contaminated with residual-phase hydrocarbon), exceeding values obtained for samples contaminated with dissolved-phase hydrocarbons, and in turn, exceeding values obtained for uncontaminated samples. Real conductivity, although generally elevated for samples from the smear zone, did not show a strong correlation with contamination. Controlled experiments on uncontaminated samples from the field site indicate that variations in surface area, electrolytic conductivity, and water content across the site cannot account for the high imaginary conductivity observed within the smear zone. We suggest that microbial processes may be responsible for the enhanced IP response observed at contaminated locations. Scanning electron microscopy and IP measurements during acid leaching indicate that etched pits on mineral surfaces — caused by the production of organic acids or formed during microbial colonization of these surfaces — are not the cause of the IP enhancement. Rather, we postulate that the accumulation of microbial cells (biofilms) with high surface area at the mineral-electrolyte interface generates the IP response. These findings illustrate the potential use of electrical measurements to noninvasively monitor microbial activity at sites undergoing natural hydrocarbon degradation.

scholarly journals Potential-Induced Degradation of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Solar Cells: Alkali Metal Drift and Diffusion Effects

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 1337-1342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher P. Muzzillo ◽  
Stephen Glynn ◽  
Peter Hacke ◽  
Helio R. Moutinho ◽  
Matthew R. Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Alkali Metal ◽  
Diffusion Effects ◽  
And Diffusion

Another look at reactions of 4-hydroxycoumarin with hydroxyl radical in the environment: Deprotonation and diffusion effects

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quan Van Vo ◽  
Nguyen Thi Hoa ◽  
Adam Mechler
Keyword(s):  
Hydroxyl Radical ◽  
Coumarin Derivatives ◽  
Important Chemical ◽  
Diffusion Effects ◽  
And Diffusion

Coumarins are important chemical precursors for the synthesis of anticoagulants used as human medicines as well as rodenticides. Environmental discharge of these coumarin derivatives, commonly known as 4-Hydroxycoumarins, is therefore...

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