RESEARCH AND PROGRESS IN EXPLORATION

Geophysics ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry F. Dunlap ◽  
Curtis H. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Academic Research ◽  
The United States ◽  
Seismic Exploration ◽  
Mass Spectrometers ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Eastern Hemisphere ◽  
Ore Bodies ◽  
Continuous Waves ◽  
Electrical Prospecting

This is a general review of new developments in geophysical exploration in 1957. In the Eastern Hemisphere, the strong emphasis on the use of refined seismograph techniques in virgin territories despite extreme operating problems is a development of primary importance. In mining geophysics a new Swedish development employs a rotary electromagnetic field and two‐plane operation to improve substantially the economy and effectiveness of reconnaissance for conductive ore‐bodies. In the United States new developments include work on a method of seismic exploration using continuous waves rather than pulses, the incorporation of transistors into seismic units, a trend toward simplified equipment for plotting seismic record sections, an electrical prospecting method which permits detection of near surface structures in water‐covered areas, and the increased use of continuous velocity logs. Other developments have occurred in the field of chemical logging, including the use of mass spectrometers, infrared analyzers, and gas chromatographic columns. Academic research into techniques for dating feldspar‐bearing rocks has advanced spectacularly. It is now possible to obtain dates on certain kinds of rocks extending from a few thousand years to a few billion years in age.

THE FUNDAMENTAL EQUATIONS OF ELECTRICAL PROSPECTING

Geophysics ◽  
1947 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 529-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond Maillet
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
Theoretical Studies ◽  
Eastern Hemisphere ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Electrical Prospecting ◽  
Fundamental Equations

In the United States the applications of electrical prospecting have been few. Thus it might appear superfluous to discuss exhaustively the method. On the other hand it has been applied quite extensively and successfully in the Eastern Hemisphere, particularly by French geophysicists, under the leadership of Conrad and Marcel Schlumberger. Important theoretical studies have resulted from this use which it is deemed worthwhile to summarize, at least along general lines.

Towards an interdisciplinary knowledge exchange model

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Santiago DE FRANCISCO ◽  
Diego MAZO
Keyword(s):  
Design Research ◽  
Knowledge Exchange ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
The United States ◽  
Design Environment ◽  
Interdisciplinary Knowledge ◽  
One Year ◽  
The University ◽  
Common Situation

Universities and corporates, in Europe and the United States, have come to a win-win relationship to accomplish goals that serve research and industry. However, this is not a common situation in Latin America. Knowledge exchange and the co-creation of new projects by applying academic research to solve company problems does not happen naturally.To bridge this gap, the Design School of Universidad de los Andes, together with Avianca, are exploring new formats to understand the knowledge transfer impact in an open innovation network aiming to create fluid channels between different stakeholders. The primary goal was to help Avianca to strengthen their innovation department by apply design methodologies. First, allowing design students to proposed novel solutions for the traveller experience. Then, engaging Avianca employees to learn the design process. These explorations gave the opportunity to the university to apply design research and academic findings in a professional and commercial environment.After one year of collaboration and ten prototypes tested at the airport, we can say that Avianca’s innovation mindset has evolved by implementing a user-centric perspective in the customer experience touch points, building prototypes and quickly iterate. Furthermore, this partnership helped Avianca’s employees to experience a design environment in which they were actively interacting in the innovation process.

An Analysis of Mathematics Requirements and Recommendations for Admission to PhD Programs in Economics

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-114
Author(s):  
Martin Milkman ◽  
Riza Marjadi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Research Council ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
National Research Council ◽  
The United States ◽  
Prospective Students ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Mathematics Courses ◽  
Phd Programs ◽  
Jel Classifications

This article presents an analysis of the mathematics course requirements and recommendations for prospective students seeking entry into economics PhD programs in the United States. We find that applicants must complete seven mathematics courses to safely assume that they have enough math credits for admission to most programs. Using National Research Council (NRC) rankings of economics departments according to the level of research activity, we find no strong evidence that the mathematics courses required and recommended are dependent upon the level of academic research conducted by the faculty in the respective PhD programs. JEL Classifications: A22, A23

scholarly journals Suggested Research Agenda for the Railroad Industry

2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-45
Author(s):  
Barton Jennings
Keyword(s):  
Research Agenda ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
The United States ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
Degree Programs ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Railroad Industry ◽  
Transportation Infrastructures ◽  
Research Initiatives ◽  
Service Standards

The railroad industry is experiencing a worldwide resurgence. International trade is booming as populations continue to grow and transportation infrastructures are nearing capacity. In the United States, the industry is being pressured to provide more services, while at the same time traffic levels are skyrocketing on a network that is much smaller than it was just fifty years ago. Additionally, security and safety issues are challenging the industry, as well as the regulatory agencies associated with railroading. To help with these problems, the industry is calling for more academic involvement through new degree programs and research initiatives. This paper reviews five major areas where academic research could assist the railroad industry in these challenges: capacity expansion, service standards, safety, security, and data management and analysis.

scholarly journals Future of US-China Relations: Conflict, Competition or Cooperation?

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Syed Muhammad Saad Zaidi ◽  
Adam Saud
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
International Relations ◽  
The United States ◽  
Great Powers ◽  
Political Agenda ◽  
Eastern Hemisphere ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Future ◽  
Rise Of China ◽  
The Rise Of China

In contemporary times, the geo-political agenda and geo-economic strategy of the world is being dominated by the ongoing US-China hegemonic competition. Where the United States is trying to prolong the ‘unipolar moment’ and deter the rise of China; China is trying to establish itself as the hegemon in the Eastern hemisphere, an alternate to the US. The entirely opposite interests of the two Great Powers have initiated a hostile confrontational competition for domination. This paper seeks to determine the future nature of the US-China relations; will history repeat itself and a bloody war be fought to determine the leader of the pack? or another prolonged Cold War will be fought, which will end when one side significantly weakens and collapses? Both dominant paradigms of International Relations, Realism and Liberalism, are used to analyze the future nature of the US-China relations.

scholarly journals Long-term trends in aerosol and precipitation composition over the western North Atlantic Ocean at Bermuda

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 7025-7066 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. C. Keene ◽  
J. L. Moody ◽  
J. N. Galloway ◽  
J. M. Prospero ◽  
O. R. Cooper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
North Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Flow Regimes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Open Ocean ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Trade Wind ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Near Surface

Abstract. Since the 1980s, emissions of SO2 and NOx (NO + NO2) from anthropogenic sources in the United States (US) and Europe have decreased significantly suggesting that the export of oxidized S and N compounds from surrounding continents to the atmosphere overlying North Atlantic Ocean (NAO) has also decreased. The chemical compositions of aerosols and precipitation sampled daily on Bermuda (32.27° N, 64.87° W) from 1989 to 1997 and from 2006 to 2009 were evaluated to quantify the magnitudes, significance, and implications of associated tends in atmospheric composition. The chemical data were stratified based on FLEXPART retroplumes into four discrete transport regimes: westerly flow from the eastern North America (NEUS/SEUS); easterly trade-wind flow from northern Africa and the subtropical NAO (Africa); long, open-ocean, anticyclonic flow around the Bermuda High (Oceanic); and transitional flow from the relatively clean open ocean to the polluted northeastern US (North). Based on all data, annual average concentrations of non-sea-salt (nss) SO42- associated with aerosols and annual VWA concentrations in precipitation decreased significantly (by 22 and 49%, respectively) whereas annual VWA concentrations of NH4+ in precipitation increased significantly (by 70%). Corresponding trends in aerosol and precipitation NO3- and of aerosol NH4+ were insignificant. Nss SO42- in precipitation under NEUS/SEUS and Oceanic flow decreased significantly (61% each) whereas corresponding trends in particulate nss SO42- under both flow regimes were insignificant. Trends for precipitation were driven in part by decreasing emissions of SO2 over upwind continents and associated decreases in anthropogenic contributions to nss SO42- concentrations. Under NEUS/SEUS and Oceanic flow, the ratio of anthropogenic to biogenic contributions to to nss SO42- in the column scavenged by precipitation were relatively greater than those in near surface aerosol, which implies that, for these flow regimes, precipitation is a better indicator of overall anthropogenic impacts on the lower troposphere. Particulate nss SO42- under African flow also decreased significantly (34%) whereas the corresponding decrease in nss SO42- associated with precipitation was marginally insignificant. We infer that these trends were driven in part by reductions in the emissions and transport of oxidized S compounds from Europe. The lack of significant trends in NO3- associated with aerosols and precipitation under NEUS/SEUS flow is notable in light of the large decrease (39%) in NOx emissions in the US over the period of record. Rapid chemical processing of oxidized N in marine air contributed to this lack of correspondence. Decreasing ratios of nss SO42- to NH4+ and the significant decreasing trend in precipitation acidity (37%) indicate that the total amount of acidity in the multiphase gas-aerosol system in the western NAO troposphere decreased over the period of record. Decreasing aerosol acidities would have shifted the phase partitioning of total NH3 (NH3 + particulate NH4+) towards the gas phase thereby decreasing the atmospheric lifetime of total NH3 against wet plus dry deposition. The trend of increasing NH4+ in precipitation at Bermuda over the period of record suggests that NH3 emissions from surrounding continents also increased. Decreasing particulate nss SO42- in near-surface air under NEUS/SEUS flow over the period of record suggests a lower limit for net warming in the range of 0.1–0.3 W m-2 resulting from the decreased shortwave scattering and absorption by nss SO42- and associated aerosol constituents.

Complementary, Alternative, and Integrative Medicine

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helene M. Langevin
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Medicine ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
The United States ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Potential Harm ◽  
Therapeutic Massage ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Alternative Sources

Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) refers to a group of diverse medical and health care systems, practices, and products that are not considered to be part of conventional or allopathic medicine. Common CAM practices (e.g., acupuncture, meditation, and therapeutic massage) are gradually becoming incorporated into conventional care in response to patients looking to alternative sources for information and advice about health matters and increased understanding of various CAM methods through evidence-based testing. However, although the claims of some methods are supported with academic research, well-founded concerns remain in many popularized CAM practices regarding the lack of evidence and placebo effects. It is thus imperative for physicians to be comfortable in discussing CAM-related topics with patients and be able to appropriately and informatively guide them in a way that harnesses potential benefits and avoids potential harm. In this review, the major CAM therapies in the United States are examined, including the settings in which they are being used, evidence base status, and efficacy of some of the most commonly used modalities.  This review contains 5 figures, 21 tables, and 123 references. Keywords: Alternative medicine, complementary medicine, acupuncture, homeopathy, osteopathy, chiropractic, massage therapy, naturopathy

Integrated Seismic Exploration for Open-Cut Mining: The Importance of the Near Surface

First Break ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 87-93
Author(s):  
Claudio Strobbia ◽  
Simone Re ◽  
Tim Dean ◽  
Matthew Grant ◽  
Martin Bayly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Exploration ◽  
Near Surface
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