INDUCTIVE COUPLING OF A HOMOGENEOUS GROUND WITH A VERTICAL COIL

Geophysics ◽  
1949 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Belluigi
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Dipole ◽  
Integral Solution ◽  
Horizontal Component ◽  
Inductive Coupling ◽  
The Magnetic Field ◽  
Homogeneous Ground

The problem of the “magnetic pulsating pole” is examined from an analytical viewpoint and an integral solution is reached with the use of Hankel’s Integrals. However, a complete explanation was derived only with respect to the horizontal component of the magnetic field. In addition the problem of the “pulsating magnetic dipole” is also explored and similarly a complete explanation is derived only for the horizontal component. The application of the results of these analyses to field prospecting methods is also discussed.

scholarly journals Magnetohydrodynamic simulations of a Uranus-at-equinox type rotating magnetosphere

2020 ◽  
Vol 633 ◽  
pp. A87 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Griton ◽  
F. Pantellini
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Solar Wind ◽  
Supersonic Flow ◽  
Magnetic Dipole ◽  
Stellar Wind ◽  
Rotation Axis ◽  
Spin Axis ◽  
Mhd Equations ◽  
Field Lines ◽  
The Magnetic Field

Context. As proven by measurements at Uranus and Neptune, the magnetic dipole axis and planetary spin axis can be off by a large angle exceeding 45°. The magnetosphere of such an (exo-)planet is highly variable over a one-day period and it does potentially exhibit a complex magnetic tail structure. The dynamics and shape of rotating magnetospheres do obviously depend on the planet’s characteristics but also, and very substantially, on the orientation of the planetary spin axis with respect to the impinging, generally highly supersonic, stellar wind. Aims. On its orbit around the Sun, the orientation of Uranus’ spin axis with respect to the solar wind changes from quasi-perpendicular (solstice) to quasi-parallel (equinox). In this paper, we simulate the magnetosphere of a fictitious Uranus-like planet plunged in a supersonic plasma (the stellar wind) at equinox. A simulation with zero wind velocity is also presented in order to help disentangle the effects of the rotation from the effects of the supersonic wind in the structuring of the planetary magnetic tail. Methods. The ideal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations in conservative form are integrated on a structured spherical grid using the Message-Passing Interface-Adaptive Mesh Refinement Versatile Advection Code (MPI-AMRVAC). In order to limit diffusivity at grid level, we used background and residual decomposition of the magnetic field. The magnetic field is thus made of the sum of a prescribed time-dependent background field B0(t) and a residual field B1(t) computed by the code. In our simulations, B0(t) is essentially made of a rigidly rotating potential dipole field. Results. The first simulation shows that, while plunged in a non-magnetised plasma, a magnetic dipole rotating about an axis oriented at 90° with respect to itself does naturally accelerate the plasma away from the dipole around the rotation axis. The acceleration occurs over a spatial scale of the order of the Alfvénic co-rotation scale r*. During the acceleration, the dipole lines become stretched and twisted. The observed asymptotic fluid velocities are of the order of the phase speed of the fast MHD mode. In two simulations where the surrounding non-magnetised plasma was chosen to move at supersonic speed perpendicularly to the rotation axis (a situation that is reminiscent of Uranus in the solar wind at equinox), the lines of each hemisphere are symmetrically twisted and stretched as before. However, they are also bent by the supersonic flow, thus forming a magnetic tail of interlaced field lines of opposite polarity. Similarly to the case with no wind, the interlaced field lines and the attached plasma are accelerated by the rotation and also by the transfer of kinetic energy flux from the surrounding supersonic flow. The tailwards fluid velocity increases asymptotically towards the externally imposed flow velocity, or wind. In one more simulation, a transverse magnetic field, to both the spin axis and flow direction, was added to the impinging flow so that magnetic reconnection could occur between the dipole anchored field lines and the impinging field lines. No major difference with respect to the no-magnetised flow case is observed, except that the tailwards acceleration occurs in two steps and is slightly more efficient. In order to emphasise the effect of rotation, we only address the case of a fast-rotating planet where the co-rotation scale r* is of the order of the planetary counter-flow magnetopause stand-off distance rm. For Uranus, r*≫ rm and the effects of rotation are only visible at large tailwards distances r ≫ rm.

scholarly journals He-Abnormal Stars

1993 ◽  
Vol 138 ◽  
pp. 394-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt Hunger ◽  
Detlev Groote
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Dipole ◽  
Stellar Wind ◽  
Effective Magnetic Field ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Phase Variations ◽  
Axes Of Symmetry ◽  
The Magnetic Field

AbstractThe He-rich variable HD 37479 has 2 axes of symmetry, one characterized by the depletion of metals, and one by the enrichment of He. The former is oriented along the axis of the magnetic dipole, while the latter is off set by some 45°. The 2 axes represent 2 different modes of diffusion, the first one being controlled solely by the magnetic field, irrespective of wind, the second one being due to stellar wind that is controlled by the magnetic field and intertial forces. It has been attempted to formulate simple physical conditions that allow to determine the diffusion regions on the surface. It is shown that the resulting surface map can well reproduce the observed phase variations of the equivalent widths of HeI 4471, of UV resonance lines of C IV and Si IV, and the effective magnetic field.

The effect of a strongly stratified layer in the upper part of Mercury’s core on its magnetic field

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Kolhey ◽  
Daniel Heyner ◽  
Johannes Wicht ◽  
Karl-Heinz Glassmeier
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Dipole Moment ◽  
Magnetic Dipole ◽  
Magnetic Dipole Moment ◽  
Rotation Axis ◽  
Outer Core ◽  
Magnetic Field Generation ◽  
Fluid Core ◽  
Planetary Magnetic Fields ◽  
The Magnetic Field

<p>In the 1970’s the flybys of NASA’s Mariner 10 spacecraft confirmed the existence of an internally generated magnetic field at Mercury. The measurements taken during its flybys already revealed, that Mercury‘s magnetic field is unique along other planetary magnetic fields, since the magnetic dipole moment of ~190 nT ∙ R<sub>M</sub><sup>3 </sup>is very weak, e.g. compared to Earth’s magnetic dipole moment. The following MESSENGER mission from NASA investigated Mercury and its magnetic field more precisely and exposed additional interesting properties about the planet’s magnetic field. The tilt of its dipole component is less than 1°, which indicates a strong alignment of the field along the planet’s rotation axis. Additionally the measurement showed that the magnetic field equator is shifted roughly 0.2 ∙ R<sub>M</sub> towards north compared to Mercury‘s actual geographic equator.</p><p>Since its discovery Mercury‘s magnetic field has puzzled the community and modelling the dynamo process inside the planet’s interior is still a challenging task. Adapting the typical control parameters and the geometry in the models of the geodynamo for Mercury does not lead to the observed field morphology and strength. Therefore new non-Earth-like models were developed over the past decades trying to match Mercury’s peculiar magnetic field. One promising model suggests a stably stratified layer on the upper part of Mercury’s core. Such a layer divides the fluid core in a convecting part and a non-convecting part, where the magnetic field generation is mainly inhibited. As a consequence the magnetic field inside the outer core is damped very efficiently passing through the stably stratified layer by a so-called skin effect. Additionally, the non-axisymmetric parts of the magnetic field are vanishing, too, such that a dipole dominated magnetic is left at the planet’s surface.</p><p>In this study we present new direct numerical simulations of the magnetohydrodynamical dynamo problem which include a stably stratified layer on top of the outer core. We explore a wide parameter range, varying mainly the Rayleigh and Ekman number in the model under the aspect of a strong stratification of the stable layer. We show which conditions are necessary to produce a Mercury-like magnetic field and give a inside about the planets interior structure.</p>

Simulation Research on the Magnetic Field of the Positioning Permanent Magnet for MEMS inside Human Body Based on Ansoft

2014 ◽  
Vol 596 ◽  
pp. 67-71
Author(s):  
Xiu Quan Liu ◽  
Yan Hong Li
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Permanent Magnet ◽  
Magnetic Dipole ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Magnetic Induction ◽  
Dipole Model ◽  
Magnetization Direction ◽  
Simulation Research ◽  
Magnetic Induction Intensity ◽  
The Magnetic Field

the magnetic dipole model of the cylindrical permanent magnet was introduced. Then, based on Ansoft software, the simulation model of the cylindrical permanent magnet was established, and the influence of some parameters, such as the height, radius and magnetization direction on the magnetic induction intensity ,were studied; at the same time, under these two models the calculation was compared, the result shows the the magnetic dipole model is applied on condition that distance is nine times greater than the cylindrical permanent magnet size.

scholarly journals Scattering of Fermions by a Magnetic Dipole Field

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergiu Hategan ◽  
Cosmin Crucean
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Exact Solution ◽  
Differential Cross Section ◽  
Magnetic Dipole ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Differential Cross ◽  
Coulomb Scattering ◽  
Minkowski Space Time ◽  
Magnetic Dipole Field ◽  
The Magnetic Field

Abstract In this paper we study the problem of fermions scattering by the field of a magnetic dipole in Minkowski space-time. The amplitude and differential cross section for scattering of massive fermions are obtained using the exact solution of the Dirac equation written in the helicity basis. We found that the most probable transitions are those that scatter the fermions perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic field and we consider only the transverse momenta in our analysis. The differential cross section behavior in terms of scattering angle and energy is graphically analysed and we perform a comparative study with the Coulomb scattering.

Magnetosphere of Hot Jupiter HD209458b and transit absorption in lines related to the upper atmosphere

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ildar Shaikhislamov ◽  
Maxim Khodachenko ◽  
Ilya Miroshnichenko ◽  
Marina Rumenskikh ◽  
Artem Berezutsky
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Dipole ◽  
Stellar Wind ◽  
Mass Loss Rate ◽  
Spectral Lines ◽  
Upper Atmosphere ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Mhd Simulations ◽  
The Magnetic Field ◽  
Hot Jupiter

<p>Using the global 3D multi-fluid HD and its extension to MHD we simulated the measured HD209458b transit absorption depths at the FUV lines, and at the NIR line (10830 Å) of metastable helium HeI(2<sup>3</sup>S) triplet, paying attention to possible change of the absorption profiles due to the presence of planetary intrinsic magnetic field. As continuation of our previous studies of HD209458b (<em>Shaikhislamov et al. 2018, 2020</em>), the inclusion of the HeI(2<sup>3</sup>S) line into consideration and the comparison with corresponding measurements allows to constrain the helium abundance by He/H ~ 0.02, and stellar XUV flux at 1 a.u. by <em>F</em><sub>XUV </sub>~10 erg cm<sup>2</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> at 1 a.u. For the first time, we studied the influence of the planetary dipole magnetic field with a model which self-consistently describes the generation of the escaping upper atmospheric flow of a magnetized hot Jupiter, formation of magnetosphere and its interaction with the stellar wind. We simulated the absorption in the most of spectral lines for which measurements have been made. MHD simulations have shown that the planetary magnetic dipole moment µ<sub>P</sub> = 0.61 of the Jovian value, which produces the magnetic field equatorial surface value of 1 G, profoundly changes the character of the escaping planetary upper atmosphere. The total mass loss rate in this case is reduced by 2 times, as compared to the non-magnetized planet. In particular, we see the formation of the dead- and the wind- zones around the planet with the different character of plasma motion there. The 3D MHD modelling also confirmed the previous 2D MHD simulations result of <em>Khodachenko et al (2015) </em>that the escaping PW forms a thin magnetodisk in the equatorial region around the planet. The significantly reduced velocity of PW at the low altitudes around the planet, and especially at the night side, results in the stronger photo-ionization of species and significantly lower densities of the corresponding absorbing elements. Altogether, the reduced velocities and lower densities result in significant decrease of the absorption at Lyα (HI), OI, and CII lines, though the absorption at HeI(2<sup>3</sup>S) line remains nearly the same.</p> <p>As it was shown in our previous papers, the dense and fast stellar wind, interacting with the escaping upper atmosphere of HD209458b, generates sufficient amount of Energetic Neutral Atoms (ENAs) to produce significant absorption in the high-velocity blue wing of the Lyα line. However, according to the performed 3D MHD modelling reported here, the planetary magnetic dipole field with the equatorial surface value of B<sub>p</sub>=1 G prevents the formation of ENAs, especially in the trailing tail. This effect opens a possibility to constrain the range of planetary magnetic field values for the evaporating hot Jupiters and warm Neptunes in the stellar-planetary systems where sufficiently strong SW is expected.</p> <p>The presented results fitted to the available measurements indicate that the magnetic field of HD209458b should be at least an order of magnitude less than that of the Jupiter. This conclusion agrees with the previous estimates, based on more simplified models (e.g., <em>Kislyakova et al. 2014</em>) and much less observational data, when only Lyα absorption was considered. We believe that the application of 3D MHD models simulating the escape of upper atmospheres of hot exoplanets and the related transits at the available for measurement spectral lines, sensitive to the dynamics of planetary plasma affected by the MF, opens a way for probing and quantifying of exoplanetary magnetic fields and sheds more light on their nature.</p> <p>This work was supported by grant № 18-12-00080 of the Russian Science Foundation and grant № 075-15-2020-780 of the Russian Ministry of Education and Science.</p> <p> </p> <p>Khodachenko, M.L., Shaikhislamov, I.F., Lammer, H., et al., 2015, ApJ, 813, 50.</p> <p>Shaikhislamov, I. F., Khodachenko, M. L., Lammer, H., et al., 2018, ApJ, 866(1), 47.</p> <p>Shaikhislamov, I. F., Khodachenko, M. L., Lammer, et al., 2020, MNRAS, 491(3), 3435-3447</p>

scholarly journals A Spectroscqpic Study of the Bp-Star θ Aur

1986 ◽  
Vol 90 ◽  
pp. 295-298
Author(s):  
D. Kolev ◽  
E. Georgeva
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Dipole ◽  
Spectral Variability ◽  
Great Uncertainty ◽  
Field Geometry ◽  
Best Fit ◽  
The Magnetic Field

AbstractThe atmosphere parameters, spectral variability and the magnetic field geometry of the Bp-star θ Aur are evaluated from 30 coude-spectrograms. We adopt Te = 10 800K and lgg = 3.40 (with lower reliability of lg g ) . The equivalent widths of the metalic lines show a relatively great scattering which troubles the period search. The best fit to our data gives the period P = 3.620d, but the variability is clearly seen only for Sill lines. The uncertainties in the star parameters obtained bring to a great uncertainty in the magnetic dipole geometry: i = 86° + 39° and β = 18° + 80°. We adopt the most plausible star parameters to be: R = 3.8R⊙ M = 3.5R⊙, i = 80°, β = 20°, Bp = 1 KGs.

scholarly journals Pulsar Spin-Down by 3P2 Superfluid Neutrons

2003 ◽  
Vol 214 ◽  
pp. 175-176
Author(s):  
Xin-Lian Luo ◽  
Qiu-He Peng ◽  
Ming Zhang ◽  
Chih-Kang Chou
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Neutron Star ◽  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
Magnetic Dipole ◽  
Exponential Model ◽  
Radiation Model ◽  
Dipole Radiation ◽  
Field Decay ◽  
The Magnetic Field ◽  
Pulsar Evolution

To describe pulsar spin-down, a simple combined torque model, that takes into account both the standard magnetic dipole radiation and the electromagnetic radiation from the 3P2 superfluid vortex neutrons inside neutron star, is presented. Using an ordinary exponential model for the magnetic field decay, we investigate pulsar evolution tracks on the diagram, which is quite different from that of the standard magnetic dipole radiation model, especially when the superfluid torque or field decay become dominate.

A FIELD TEST OF THE MAGNETOMETRIC RESISTIVITY (MMR) METHOD

Geophysics ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1170-1183 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. Edwards ◽  
E. C. Howell
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Current Flow ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Horizontal Component ◽  
Western Cordillera ◽  
Basement Rocks ◽  
Electrical Prospecting ◽  
The Magnetic Field ◽  
Anomalous Region

The electrical prospecting method, known as the Magnetometric Resistivity (MMR) method, is based on the measurement of the low level (about 100 milligamma), low‐frequency (1–5 Hz) magnetic fields associated with noninductive current flow in the ground. The horizontal component of the magnetic field is measured along profiles which are at right angles to a baseline joining two widely separated current electrodes. The field test was conducted on a plateau in the western cordillera, where the topography is characterized by steep hills, bold ridges, gullies and narrow canyons. A steep faulted contact between basement rocks of differing resistivity is exposed on one flank of the plateau, beneath over 500 m of Tertiary volcanics and sediments. The object of the test was to determine if the basement contact could be mapped by the MMR method, working entirely on top of the plateau. The plan position of the contact could be inferred approximately from measurements at the outcrop. The object was achieved with a minimum of data processing. Using a theoretical model which resembles a thick, outcropping vertical dike of infinite vertical extent, the contrast in resistivity across the contact is estimated. A further model, that of an exponential “alpha” center, is also fitted to the data in an effort to pin‐point an anomalous region which may have unusually high conductivity.

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