scholarly journals Trend analysis of antibiotic resistance and minimum inhibitory concentration distribution from 1997 to 2007 among Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in European ICUs

Critical Care ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. P302
Author(s):  
H Hanberger ◽  
H Gill ◽  
G Fransson ◽  
L Nilsson ◽  
P Turner
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Trend Analysis ◽  
Concentration Distribution ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration

Serum Inhibitory and Bactericidal Activity of Ciprofloxacin following Intravenous Administration

DICP ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 456-460
Author(s):  
Michael N. Dudley ◽  
Hilary D. Mandler ◽  
Kenneth H. Mayer ◽  
Stephen H. Zinner
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Bactericidal Activity ◽  
Resistant Strain ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Dose Levels

Serum inhibitory and bactericidal titers were measured in nine healthy volunteers following single iv doses of ciprofloxacin 100, 150, and 200 mg. The median peak serum bactericidal titer (5 minutes following completion of a 30-minute infusion) against two highly susceptible strains of Escherichia coli ranged between 1:64 and 1:1024 and titers exceeded 1:8 for six hours for all dose levels. The bactericidal titers against two strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and a methicillin-resistant strain of Staphylococcus aureus were considerably lower, the median peak being 1:2 at all dose levels. Measured inhibitory and bactericidal titers at five minutes and one hour postinfusion were significantly greater than those predicted (measured serum ciprofloxacin concentration to minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] or minimum bactericidal concentration [MBC]) for only one strain of E. coli. Intravenous doses of ciprofloxacin 100–200 mg produce high and sustained serum bactericidal titers against highly susceptible bacteria; considerably lower levels of activity are seen against bacteria having higher MICs and MBCs but still considered susceptible to the drug.

scholarly journals Antibacterial effects assessment on some livestock pathogens, thermal stability and proposing a probable reason for different levels of activity of thanatin

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Javadmanesh ◽  
Elyas Mohammadi ◽  
Zahra Mousavi ◽  
Marjan Azghandi ◽  
Abass Tanhaiean
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Probable Reason ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

AbstractThere is a continuing need to prevent the increasing use of common antibiotic and find the replacement to combat the drug/antibiotic resistant bacteria such as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) such as thanatin peptide. In this study, recombinant thanatin peptide was expressed in the HEK293 cell line. Then the antimicrobial properties of this peptide on some poultry and farm animal’s pathogen strains were assessed. The thermal-stability of thanatin was predicted in various temperatures through in silico analysis. Afterwards, according to Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) results, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were chosen to test the hypothesis of LptA/LptD–thanatin interaction, computationally. Relative amino acid sequences and crystallography structures were retrieved and missed tertiary structures were predicted. The interaction of thanatin with LptA and LptD of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were analyzed subsequently. The antibacterial activity of thanatin peptide was evaluated between 6.25 and 100 μg/mL using minimum inhibitory concentration. Also, the amounts of minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) were between 12.5 and 200 μg/mL. The bioinformatics analysis followed by the in vitro assessment, demonstrated that thanatin would be thermally stable in the body temperature of poultry and farm animals. Thanatin could penetrate to the outer membrane domain of LptD in Escherichia coli and it could block the transition path of this protein while the entrance of LptD in Pseudomonas aeruginosa was blocked for thanatin by extra residues in comparison with Escherichia coli LptD. In addition, the quality of interaction, with regard to the number and distance of interactions which leads to higher binding energy for thanatin and LptD of Escherichia coli was much better than Pseudomonas aeruginosa. But the site and quality of interaction for thanatin and LptA was almost the same for Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Accordingly, thanatin can prevent the assembly of LptA periplasmic bridge in both pathogens. The antibacterial and thermal stability of the thanatin peptide suggested that thanatin peptide might serve as a natural alternative instead of common antibiotics in the veterinary medicine. The outcome of this in silico study supports the MIC results. Therefore, a probable reason for different level of activity of thanatin against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa might be the quality of LptA/LptD–thanatin interaction.

scholarly journals CLASSIFICATION OF GRAM-NEGATIVE BACILLI ACCORDING TO THEIR RESISTANCE TO ANTIMICROBIALS IN AN INFECTIOUS DISEASE CLINIC

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-86
Author(s):  
Lucian Giubelan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Proteus Mirabilis ◽  
Multiple Criteria ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Gram Negative

Objectives. Classification on multiple criteria of Gram-negative bacilli (GNBs) according to antibiotic resistance. Material and method. Retrospective study (January 2017-December 2018) carried out in the Infectious Diseases Clinic from Craiova; GNBs were identified using the Vitek 2 automated system, which subsequently established their sensitivity to antimicrobials; GNBs were classified based on an arbitrary score from 1 (minimum) to 5 (maximum) based on the multiple antibiotic resistance index (MAR), the percentage of multidrug resistant strains (MDR) and the percentage of extended resistance strains (XDR). The final classification represents the sum of the points awarded for each category considered. Results. The following GNBs were considered: Escherichia coli (n = 720), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 335), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 139), Proteus mirabilis (n = 60) and Acinetobacter baumannii (n = 29). MAR values are: Acinetobacter baumannii (Ab) – 0.6, Proteus mirabilis (Pm) – 0.52, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) – 0.51, Klebsiella pneumoniae (Kp) - 0.37 and Escherichia coli (Ec) – 0.23. The percentage of MDR strains is: Pm – 76.67%, Kp – 68.86%, Pa - 58.71%, Ec – 51.94% and Ab – 51.72%; XDR strains were identified for Ab - 17.24% and Pa – 6.47%. The final classification of GNBs is as follows: Pa – 12p, Ab - 11 p, Pm – 7p, Kp – 6p, Ec – 3p. Conclusions. Depending on the resistance profile on multiple criteria, the classification of the studied Gram-negative bacteria is as follows: Pa, Ab, Pm, Kp, Ec.

scholarly journals Evaluación de la capacidad bactericida de extractos vegetales de distinta polaridad de Drimys granadensis

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Cuervo Salcedo ◽  
Julián Vanegas Campo ◽  
Diana Corzo Barragán ◽  
Felipe Correa Mahecha
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermis ◽  
Concentration Test ◽  
Para Determinar

Empleando el método de maceración en frío y fraccionamiento con solventes de polaridad creciente, se obtuvo cuatro extractos vegetales de distinta polaridad en las hojas de Drimys granadensis: Muy apolar (MA), apolar (A), polar (P) y Muy polar (MP), los cuales se obtuvieron al utilizar hexano, cloroformo, acetona y metanol para el fraccionamiento correspondiente. Una vez se obtuvieron los extractos, se siguió el protocolo de Minimum Inhibitory Concentration test (MIC) para determinar la concentración mínima a la cual se inhibe el crecimiento bacteriano, frente a dos cepas bacterianas Gram positivas: Staphylococcus aureus y Staphylococcus epidermis; y dos Gram negativas: Klebsiella pneumoniae y Escherichia coli. Como resultado se obtuvo que la fracción polar (P) fue la más efectiva, inhibiendo el crecimiento de todas las cepas bacterianas evaluadas a partir de una concentración de 15 mg/mL.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Property of Extract of Erveniastrum nepalense (Edible Lichen) Collected from Hilly Regions of Eastern Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
Saraswati Yonghang ◽  
Suman Rai ◽  
Shiv Nandan Sah
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Antibacterial Property ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Klebsiella Spp

Objectives: To evaluate the antibacterial property of Everniastrum nepalense(edible lichen)collected from eastern part of Nepal and determine Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of lichen extract. Methods: Everniastrum nepalense was collected from local Rai and Limbu community in a plastic bag from four hilly districts (Pachthar, Taplejung, Dhankuta and Bhojpur) of Eastern, NepaMoisture content in lichen samples were removed by air drying and grinded to powdery form. The methanolic extracts of lichens of different places were prepared by solvent extraction process using Soxhlet apparatus and tested against human pathogenic bacteria by disc diffusion method. Then, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of lichen extracts was determined using well diffusion method. Results: The lichens extract against the test bacterial isolates were performed by agar well diffusion method. Overall, it was observed that all these lichen extracts from Eastern Nepal had inhibitory effect on both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Out of seven bacterial samples used, all bacterial samples were inhibited by the lichen extracts except Escherichia coli. The effect of lichen extract collected from Bhojpur district had maximum zone of inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella Typhi and Klebsiella spp were found to be 13 mm, 14 mm and 14 mm respectively. Similarly, zone of inhibition against Bacillus subtilis was found to be 17 mm from samples of Dhankuta, which was highest value than other 3 districts viz; Bhojpur, Taplejung and Pachthar District. Likewise, Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed highest inhibition value i.e. 18 mm on Pachthar sample whereas, Shigella showed 15 mm on Dhankuta sample. This study revealed that inhibitory capacity of edible lichen (Everniastrum nepalense) against test bacteria was not the same. It varied from place to place. Conclusion: This study has concluded that Everniastrum nepalensehas potential antibacterial property against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp, Shigella spp, Klebsiella spp and Pseudomonas aeruginosa except E. coli along with nutritional value and can be used as safe alternative and economic herbal medicine to treat infectious diseases.

scholarly journals 201. Frequency of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) Discrete Inner Colonies and Comparison of Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) Values between Parent and Inner Colony Isolates Following Fosfomycin Disk Diffusion (DD) Testing

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S123-S123
Author(s):  
Dina Zheng ◽  
Morgan L Bixby ◽  
Elizabeth C Smith ◽  
Jadyn C Anderson ◽  
Phillip J Bergen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Broth Microdilution ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Bmd Testing

Abstract Background Fosfomycin combination therapy is a potential approach for treatment of multidrug-resistant (MDR) PA infections despite a lack of approved susceptibility breakpoints for this organism. While DD testing is commonly used for fosfomycin, growth of discrete inner colonies (IC) within the zone of inhibition has been observed for multiple organisms following DD. Criteria recommended by CLSI and EUCAST are contradictory for interpreting these inner colonies. We therefore sought to determine the frequency of inner colonies and MIC differences between PA parent-inner colony pairs from an international isolate collection. Methods A convenience collection of 198 clinical PA isolates from three U.S institutions (n = 82), two Australian institutions (n = 72), and the CDC & FDA Antibiotic Resistance Isolate Bank (n = 44) were included. Fosfomycin MIC values were determined in duplicate on separate days by DD and broth microdilution (BMD) testing. For parent isolates with discrete IC observed during DD, IC isolates were subcultured and MIC values were determined and then compared to their corresponding parent isolates. MIC values were interpreted using CLSI Escherichia coli (EC) breakpoints (susceptible: MIC ≤ 64 μg/mL, intermediate: MIC = 128, resistant: MIC ≥ 256 μg/mL). Results Parent isolate BMD MIC values ranged from < 4 to > 256 μg/mL while IC isolate BMD MIC values ranged from 128 to > 1024 μg/mL. MIC50/90 values were 128/256 μg/mL and > 1024/ > 1024 μg/mL for the parent and IC isolates, respectively. A high frequency of 45% (89/198) of parent isolates displayed discrete IC which also demonstrated a higher frequency of resistance (97.8%) compared to the parent isolates (23.7%). Conclusion IC MIC values were higher overall compared to parent MIC values, with an average fold difference of ~18 between the parent-inner colony pairs. The frequency of IC found in this study (45%) is considerably higher than previously observed in EC clinical isolates. These data highlight the need to further investigate the importance of these IC and warrant caution for extrapolation of EC breakpoints for fosfomycin susceptibility testing against PA. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

Антимікробна резистентність провідних збудників інфекцій сечових шляхів у Києві (Україна)

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-60
Author(s):  
A.G. Salmanov ◽  
A.V. Rudenko
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Klebsiella Oxytoca ◽  
Enterobacter Aerogenes ◽  
Enterobacter Cloacae ◽  
Proteus Vulgaris ◽  
Providencia Rettgeri ◽  
E Coli

Мета роботи — вивчити резистентність до антибіотиків бактеріальних збудників інфекцій сечових шляхів (ІСШ), виділених у пацієнтів урологічного стаціонару в м. Києві. Матеріали і методи. Досліджено 1612 штамів бактерій, виділених із сечі хворих з ІСШ (цистит, уретрит, пієлонефрит), госпіталізованих в урологічне відділення ДУ «Інститут урології НАМН України» у м. Києві протягом 2016 р. Серед пацієнтів переважали жінки — 1201 (74,5 %). Вік хворих становив від 17 до 74 років. Для збору даних використано медичну документацію лікарні. Мікробіологічні дослідження виконано у лабораторії мікробіології ДУ «Інститут урології НАМН України». Аналізували результати культурального дослідження зразків сечі, зібраних за наявності клінічних ознак ІСШ. Дослідження клінічного матеріалу та інтерпретацію отриманих результатів проводили загальноприйнятими методами. Вивчено чутливість уропатогенів до 31 антибіотика дискодифузійним методом відповідно до рекомендацій Інституту клінічних та лабораторних стандартів США (Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI)). Результати та обговорення. Аналіз мікробного спектра сечі виявив домінування серед уропатогенів штамів Escherichia coli (32,0 %), Enterococcus faecalis (19,5 %), Klebsiella pneumoniae (10,9 %), Staphylococcus epidermidis (8,9 %), S. haemolyticus (6,5 %) та Pseudomonas aeruginosa (6,4 %). Частка Enterococcus faecium, Enterobacter aerogenes і Streptococcus viridans становила відповідно 2,5, 2,2 і 1,6 %, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Acinetobacter baumannii, Proteus vulgaris та Providencia rettgeri — менше 1,0 %. У більшості випадків (69,7 %) мікроорганізми виділено у монокультурі, у решті випадків — у мікробних асоціа- ціях. Високу резистентність до тестованих антибіотиків виявили штами E. aerogenes (45,1 %), E. cloacae (45,7 %), E. faecium (40,9 %), E. faecalis (40,7 %), E. coli (39,9 %), P. aeruginosa (34,0 %), K. pneumoniae (28,6 %). Найбільш активними до уропатогенів були іміпенем (E. coli — 87,6 %, P. aeruginosa — 75,7 %, E. cloacae — 67,3 %, E. aerogenes — 72,6 %, K. pneumoniae — 93,2 %), меропенем (E. coli — 89,1 %, P. aeruginosa — 76,7 %, K. pneumoniae — 82,6 %), лефлоцин (E. coli — 74,5 %, ентерококи — 78,7 %, P. aeruginosa — 76,7 %, E. cloacae — 73,9 %, E. aerogenes — 80,4 %, K. pneumoniae — 83,5 %), амоксицилін/клавуланат (ентерококи — 84,6 %), фурагін (ентерококи — 82,6 %), цефоперазон (K. pneumoniae — 89,2 %, P. aeruginosa — 73,8 %), цефтріаксон (K. pneumoniae — 80,1 %). Висновки. Антибіотикорезистентність збудників ІСШ — важлива терапевтична проблема. Найбільшою активністю до уропатогенів характеризуються іміпенем, меропенем, лефлоцин, амоксицилін/ клавуланат, фурагін, цефоперазон, цефтріаксон, які можна розглядати як препарат вибору для призначення стартової терапії ІСШ. Необхідно здійснювати постійний моніторинг за резистентністю до дії антибіотиків. Політику використання антибіотиків у кожному стаціонарі слід визначати залежно від локальних даних щодо резистентності до протимікробних препаратів.

Activité antibactérienne de l’huile essentielle de Pelargonium x asperum et son potentiel synergique avec la nisine

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 140-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ouelhadj ◽  
L. Ait Salem ◽  
D. Djenane
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Nous Avons ◽  
Activité Antibactérienne

Ce travail vise l’étude de l’activité antibactérienne de l’huile essentielle (HE) de Pelargoniumx asperum et de la bactériocine, la nisine seul et en combinaison vis-à-vis de six bactéries dont quatre sont multirésistantes d’origine clinique. L’activité antibactérienne in vitro a été évaluée par la méthode de diffusion sur gélose. La concentration minimale inhibitrice (CMI) est aussi déterminée pour HE. Les résultats ont révélé une activité antibactérienne significative exercée par HE visà-vis de Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 43300), Staphylococcus aureus et Escherichia coli avec des diamètres d’inhibition de 36,00 ; 22,50 et 40,00 mm, respectivement. Cependant, l’HE de Pelargonium asperum a montré une activité antibactérienne supérieure par rapport à la nisine. Les valeurs des CMI rapportées dans cette étude sont comprises entre 1,98–3,96 μl/ml. Les combinaisons réalisées entre HE et la nisine ont montré un effet additif vis-à-vis de Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) avec (50 % HE Pelargonium asperum + 50 % nisine). Par contre, nous avons enregistré une synergie vis-à-vis de Klebsiella pneumoniae avec (75 % HE Pelargonium asperum + 25 % nisine) et contre Pseudomonas aeruginosa avec les trois combinaisons testées. Les résultats obtenus permettent de dire que l’HE de Pelargonium asperum possède une activité antibactérienne ainsi que sa combinaison avec la nisine pourrait représenter une bonne alternative pour la lutte contre l’antibiorésistance.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document