scholarly journals Serum measurement of N-terminal pro-brain peptide among septic patients

Critical Care ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 12 (Suppl 2) ◽  
pp. P443
Author(s):  
M Èubrilo-Turek ◽  
V Pilas ◽  
D Striniæ ◽  
K Èala
Keyword(s):  
Brain Peptide

The gut–brain peptide neuromedin U is involved in the mammalian circadian oscillator system

2004 ◽  
Vol 318 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiko Nakahara ◽  
Reiko Hanada ◽  
Noboru Murakami ◽  
Hitoshi Teranishi ◽  
Hideko Ohgusu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Oscillator ◽  
Oscillator System ◽  
Brain Peptide

Morphine addiction and withdrawal alters brain peptide concentrations

Life Sciences ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 26 (26) ◽  
pp. 2239-2244 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.E. Morley ◽  
T. Yamada ◽  
J.H. Walsh ◽  
C.B. Lamers ◽  
H. Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphine Addiction ◽  
Brain Peptide

Induction of FOS immunoreactivity in rat brain by a potent analog of the brain peptide Tyr-W-MIF-1

1994 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
JP Liao ◽  
JE Samit ◽  
JE Zadina ◽  
V Kenigs ◽  
AJ Kastin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rat Brain ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Brain Peptide

Ghrelin microinjection into forebrain sites induces wakefulness and feeding in rats

2007 ◽  
Vol 292 (1) ◽  
pp. R575-R585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Éva Szentirmai ◽  
Levente Kapás ◽  
James M. Krueger
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Suppressive Effect ◽  
Hormone Release ◽  
Central Administration ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement Sleep ◽  
Regulatory Circuit ◽  
Intracerebroventricular Injections ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Brain Peptide

Ghrelin, a gut-brain peptide, is best known for its role in the stimulation of feeding and growth hormone release. In the brain, orexin, neuropeptide Y (NPY), and ghrelin are parts of a food intake regulatory circuit. Orexin and NPY are also implicated in maintaining wakefulness. Previous experiments in our laboratory revealed that intracerebroventricular injections of ghrelin induce wakefulness in rats. To further elucidate the possible role of ghrelin in the regulation of arousal, we studied the effects of microinjections of ghrelin into hypothalamic sites, which are implicated in the regulation of feeding and sleep, such as the lateral hypothalamus (LH), medial preoptic area (MPA), and paraventricular nucleus (PVN) on sleep in rats. Sleep responses, motor activity, and food intake after central administration of 0.04, 0.2, or 1 μg (12, 60, or 300 pmol) ghrelin were recorded. Microinjections of ghrelin into the LH had strong wakefulness-promoting effects lasting for 2 h. Wakefulness was also stimulated by ghrelin injection into the MPA and PVN; the effects were confined to the first hour after the injection. Ghrelin's non-rapid-eye-movement sleep-suppressive effect was accompanied by attenuation in the electroencephalographic (EEG) slow-wave activity and changes in the EEG power spectrum. Food consumption was significantly stimulated after microinjections of ghrelin into each hypothalamic site. Together, these results are consistent with the hypothesis that forebrain ghrelinergic mechanisms play a role in the regulation of vigilance, possibly through activating the components of the food intake- and arousal-promoting network formed by orexin and NPY.

scholarly journals Revisiting the gastrin-releasing peptide/bombesin system: A reverse-evolutionary study considering Xenopus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asuka Hirooka ◽  
Mayuko Hamada ◽  
Daiki Fujiyama ◽  
Keiko Takanami ◽  
Yasuhisa Kobayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Quantitative Pcr ◽  
Western Blotting ◽  
Multiple Roles ◽  
Gastrin Releasing Peptide ◽  
Neuromedin B ◽  
Bombina Bombina ◽  
Mammalian Counterpart ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Brain Peptide

AbstractGastrin-releasing peptide (GRP), first isolated from the porcine stomach, is a neuropeptide that modulates the autonomic system in mammals and has previously been considered to be the mammalian equivalent of bombesin, a fourteen amino acid peptide first isolated from the skin of the European fire-bellied toad, Bombina bombina. Bombesin-like peptides and the related neuromedin B (NMB) have since been identified in mammals. However, the orthologous relationships among GRP/NMB/bombesin and their receptors in vertebrates are still not well understood. Our studies have focused on the GRP system that is widely conserved among vertebrates. We have used phylogenetic analysis and reverse transcription-PCR, quantitative PCR, immunohistochemistry, and Western blotting experiments to examine the expression of both GRP and its receptor (GRPR) in a clawed frog (Xenopus tropicalis) and to understand the derivation of GRP system in the ancestor of mammals. We demonstrate, by phylogenetic and synteny analyses, that GRP is not a mammalian counterpart of bombesin and also that, whereas the GRP system is widely conserved among vertebrates, the NMB/bombesin system has diversified in certain lineages, in particular in frog species. In Xenopus, we found the expression of the mRNA for both GRP and GRPR in the brain and stomach. In addition, our quantitative PCR analysis shows that, in Xenopus, the expression of GRP mRNA is highest in the brain, whereas expression of GRPR mRNA is highest in the spinal cord. Our immunohistochemical analysis shows that GRP-immunoreactive cell bodies and fibers are distributed in several telencephalic, diencephalic, and rhombencephalic regions and spinal cord of Xenopus. Our Western blotting analysis also indicates the presence of GRPR protein in the brain and spinal cord of Xenopus. We conclude that GRP peptides and their receptors have evolved to play multiple roles in both the gut and brain of amphibians as one of the ‘gut-brain peptide’ systems.Author SummaryBombesin is a putative antibacterial peptide isolated from the skin of the frog, Bombina bombina. Two related (bombesin-like) peptides, gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) and neuromedin B (NMB) have been found in mammals. The history of GRP/bombesin discovery has caused little attention to be paid to the evolutionary relationship of GRP/bombesin and their receptors in vertebrates. We have classified the peptides and their receptors from the phylogenetic viewpoint using a newly established genetic database and bioinformatics. We demonstrate, by phylogenetic and synteny analyses, that GRP is not a mammalian counterpart of bombesin and also that, whereas the GRP system is widely conserved among vertebrates, the NMB/bombesin system has diversified in certain lineages, in particular in frogs. Gene expression analyses combined with immunohistochemistry and Western blotting experiments indicate that GRP peptides and their receptors have evolved from ancestral (GRP) homologues to play multiple roles in both the gut and the brain as one of the ‘gut-brain peptide’ systems of vertebrates, which is distinct from the frog bombesin lineage.

scholarly journals Bombesin, possible role of a hew gut and brain peptide

1978 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 1078
Author(s):  
J.M. Polak ◽  
J. Wharton ◽  
S.R. Bloom ◽  
M.A. Ghatei ◽  
E. Solcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Peptide
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