scholarly journals Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) in critically ill patients: preliminary experience

Critical Care ◽  
10.1186/cc399 ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 3 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. P024
Author(s):  
R Urbino ◽  
C Antro ◽  
S Pivetti ◽  
B Tartaglino ◽  
MG Gregoretti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critically Ill ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Positive Pressure Ventilation ◽  
Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation ◽  
Positive Pressure

scholarly journals Echocardiographic Assessment of Preload Responsiveness in Critically Ill Patients

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Levitov ◽  
Paul E. Marik
Keyword(s):  
Critically Ill ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Positive Pressure Ventilation ◽  
Static Pressure ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
Fluid Loading ◽  
Volume Responsiveness ◽  
Preload Responsiveness ◽  
Echocardiographic Parameters ◽  
Echocardiographic Assessment

Fluid challenges are considered the cornerstone of resuscitation in critically ill patients. However, clinical studies have demonstrated that only about 50% of hemodynamically unstable patients are volume responsive. Furthermore, increasing evidence suggests that excess fluid resuscitation is associated with increased mortality. It therefore becomes vital to assess a patient's fluid responsiveness prior to embarking on fluid loading. Static pressure (CVP, PAOP) and echocardiographic (IVC diameter, LVEDA) parameters fails to predict volume responsiveness. However, a number of dynamic echocardiographic parameters which are based on changes in vena-caval dimensions or cardiac function induce by positive pressure ventilation or passive leg raising appear to be highly predictive of volume responsiveness.

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