scholarly journals The effect of diabetes mellitus on the association between measures of glycaemic control and ICU mortality: a retrospective cohort study

Critical Care ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. R52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjolein K Sechterberger ◽  
Robert J Bosman ◽  
Heleen M Oudemans-van Straaten ◽  
Sarah E Siegelaar ◽  
Jeroen Hermanides ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Glycaemic Control ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Icu Mortality

scholarly journals Type 2 diabetes mellitus, glycaemic control, associated therapies and risk of rheumatoid arthritis: a retrospective cohort study

Rheumatology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawit T Zemedikun ◽  
Krishna Gokhale ◽  
Joht Singh Chandan ◽  
Jennifer Copper ◽  
Janet M Lord ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Glycaemic Control ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Research Database

Abstract Objective To compare the incident risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and to explore the role of glycaemic control and associated therapeutic use on the onset of RA. Methods This study was a retrospective cohort study using patients derived from the IQVIA medical research database (IMRD-UK) between 1995 and 2019. 224 551 newly diagnosed patients with T2DM were matched to 449 101 patients without T2DM and followed up to assess their risk of RA. Further analyses investigated the effect of glycaemic control, statin use, and anti-diabetic drugs on the relationship between T2DM and RA using time-dependent Cox regression model. Results During the study period, the incidence rate for RA was 8.1 and 10.6 per 10 000 person-years in the exposed and unexposed groups respectively. Following adjustment, the hazard ratio (aHR) was 0.73 (95% CI 0.67–0.79). In patients who had not used statins in their lifetime, the aHR was 0.89 (95% CI 0.69–1.14). When quantifying the effects of glycaemic control, anti-diabetic drugs and statins using time-varying analyses, there was no association with glycaemic control (aHR 1.00 (95% CI 0.99–1.00)), use of metformin (aHR 1.00 (95% CI 0.82–1.22)), dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4i) (aHR 0.94 (95% CI 0.71–1.24)), and the development of RA. However, statins demonstrated a protective effect for progression of RA in those with T2DM (aHR 0.76 (95% CI 0.66–0.88), with evidence of duration-response relationship. Conclusion There is a reduced risk of RA in patients with T2DM, that may be attributable to the use of statins.

scholarly journals Safe threshold of capillary blood glucose for predicting early future neonatal hypoglycaemia in babies born to mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus, an observational, retrospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther H. G. Park ◽  
Frances O’Brien ◽  
Fiona Seabrook ◽  
Jane Elizabeth Hirst
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Capillary Blood ◽  
Capillary Blood Glucose ◽  
Neonatal Hypoglycaemia

Abstract Background There is increasing pressure to get women and babies home rapidly after birth. Babies born to mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) currently get 24-h inpatient monitoring. We investigated whether a low-risk group of babies born to mothers with GDM could be defined for shorter inpatient hypoglycaemia monitoring. Methods Observational, retrospective cohort study conducted in a tertiary maternity hospital in 2018. Singleton, term babies born to women with GDM and no other risk factors for hypoglycaemia, were included. Capillary blood glucose (BG) testing and clinical observations for signs of hypoglycaemia during the first 24-h after birth. BG was checked in all babies before the second feed. Subsequent testing occurred if the first result was < 2.0 mmol/L, or clinical suspicion developed for hypoglycaemia. Neonatal hypoglycaemia, defined as either capillary or venous glucose ≤ 2.0 mmol/L and/or clinical signs of neonatal hypoglycaemia requiring oral or intravenous dextrose (lethargy, abnormal feeding behaviour or seizures). Results Fifteen of 106 babies developed hypoglycaemia within the first 24-h. Maternal and neonatal characteristics were not predictive. All babies with hypoglycaemia had an initial capillary BG ≤ 2.6 mmol/L (Area under the ROC curve (AUC) 0.96, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.91–1.0). This result was validated on a further 65 babies, of whom 10 developed hypoglycaemia, in the first 24-h of life. Conclusion Using the 2.6 mmol/L threshold, extended monitoring as an inpatient could have been avoided for 60% of babies in this study. Whilst prospective validation is needed, this approach could help tailor postnatal care plans for babies born to mothers with GDM.

scholarly journals Diabetes Mellitus as a Risk Factor for Drug Resistance Tuberculosis: A Retrospective Cohort Study at King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah

2021 ◽  
pp. 136-145
Author(s):  
Sumyia Mehrin M. D. Abulkalam ◽  
Mai Kadi ◽  
Mahmoud A. Gaddoury ◽  
Wallaa Khalid Albishi
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
P Value ◽  
Baseline Characteristic ◽  
Drug Resistant

Background: The association between tuberculosis (TB) and diabetes mellitus (DM) is re-emerging with the epidemic of type II diabetes. Both TB and DM were of the top 10 causes of death.[1] This study explores diabetes mellitus as a risk factor for developing the different antitubercular drug-resistant (DR) patterns among TB patients.  Methods: A retrospective cohort study has been conducted on all TB cases reported to the King Abdul Aziz University Hospital, Jeddah, between January 2012 to January 2021. All culture-confirmed and PCR-positive TB cases were included in this study. Categorical baseline characteristic of TB patient has been compared with DM status by using Fisher's exact and Pearson chi-square test. The univariable and multivariable logistic regression model was used to estimate the association between DM and different drug resistance patterns.  Results: Of the total 695 diagnosed TB patients, 92 (13.24%) are resistant to 1st line anti TB drugs. Among 92 DR-TB patients, 36 (39.13%) are diabetic. The percentage of different patterns of DR-TB with DM, in the case of mono DR (12.09%), poly DR (4.19%) MDR (0.547%). As a risk factor, DM has a significant association with DR-TB, mono drug-resistant, and pyrazinamide-resistant TB (P-value <0.05). The MDR and PDR separately do not show any significant association with DM, but for further analysis, it shows a significant association with DM when we combined.  Conclusion: Our study identified diabetes mellitus as a risk factor for developing DR-TB. Better management of DM and TB infection caring programs among DM patients might improve TB control and prevent DR-TB development in KSA.

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