scholarly journals Inhaled carbon monoxide or nebulized sodium nitrite protect against hemorrhagic shock-induced mitochondrial dysfunction

Critical Care ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (S2) ◽  
Author(s):  
H Gomez ◽  
D Escobar ◽  
B Ataya ◽  
L Gordon ◽  
O Ogundele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Hemorrhagic Shock ◽  
Mitochondrial Dysfunction ◽  
Sodium Nitrite

CORMs loaded nanoplatform for the single NIR light-activated bioimaging, gas therapy, and photothermal therapy in vitro

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shihao Pei ◽  
Jia-Bei Li ◽  
Zhuo Wang ◽  
Yao Xie ◽  
Jiabo Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Mitochondrial Dysfunction ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Photothermal Therapy ◽  
Nir Light ◽  
Potential Alternative

Carbon monoxide (CO) can cause mitochondrial dysfunction, inducing apoptosis of cancer cells which sheds light on a potential alternative for cancer treatment. However, the existing CO-based compounds are inherently limited...

Measurement of Carboxyhemoglobin and Methemoglobin by Pulse Oximetry

2006 ◽  
Vol 105 (5) ◽  
pp. 892-897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J. Barker ◽  
Jeremy Curry ◽  
Daniel Redford ◽  
Scott Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Pulse Oximetry ◽  
Sodium Nitrite ◽  
Pulse Oximeter ◽  
Hemoglobin Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Human Volunteers ◽  
Oxygenation Monitoring ◽  
Intravenous Sodium

Background A new eight-wavelength pulse oximeter is designed to measure methemoglobin and carboxyhemoglobin, in addition to the usual measurements of hemoglobin oxygen saturation and pulse rate. This study examines this device's ability to measure dyshemoglobins in human volunteers in whom controlled levels of methemoglobin and carboxyhemoglobin are induced. Methods Ten volunteers breathed 500 ppm carbon monoxide until their carboxyhemoglobin levels reached 15%, and 10 different volunteers received intravenous sodium nitrite, 300 mg, to induce methemoglobin. All were instrumented with arterial cannulas and six Masimo Rad-57 (Masimo Inc., Irvine, CA) pulse oximeter sensors. Arterial blood was analyzed by three laboratory CO-oximeters, and the resulting carboxyhemoglobin and methemoglobin measurements were compared with the corresponding pulse oximeter readings. Results The Rad-57 measured carboxyhemoglobin with an uncertainty of +/-2% within the range of 0-15%, and it measured methemoglobin with an uncertainty of 0.5% within the range of 0-12%. Conclusion The Masimo Rad-57 is the first commercially available pulse oximeter that can measure methemoglobin and carboxyhemoglobin, and it therefore represents an expansion of our oxygenation monitoring capability.

scholarly journals Is There An Ideal Prehospital Drug Treatment For Acute Cyanide Poisoning?

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig B Barraclough
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Drug Treatment ◽  
Sodium Nitrite ◽  
Keyword Search ◽  
Haemodynamic Effects ◽  
Smoke Inhalation ◽  
Cyanide Poisoning ◽  
Sodium Thiosulphate ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Amyl Nitrite

IntroductionCyanide, due to its toxicity and prevalence in a variety of industries, is a suitable agent for terrorists or disaffected persons to use as a weapon of terror. New Zealand’s National Poisons Centre lists five cyanide antidotes. This review aimed to identify whether there is an ideal pre-hospital drug treatment for acute cyanide poisoning.MethodsLiterature less than 10 years old was selected after a keyword search. The articles were reviewed for specific positive and negative properties of each antidote.ResultsThirty-nine articles were reviewed of which four were excluded. Results varied, with hydroxocobalamin scoring highly on effectiveness, with limited negative effects. It also demonstrated positive haemodynamic effects, suitability in cases involving trauma, carbon monoxide (CO), smoke inhalation casualties and was safe for pre-hospital use. Sodium nitrite, followed by dicobalt edetate had the next highest scores for efficacy. However, both scored negatively for their effects on blood, causing hypotension and toxicity, and they are unsuitable for trauma, CO or smoke inhalation casualties. Sodium thiosulphate, with a moderate level of efficiency, remained most effective when co-administered with other antidotes. 4-dimethylaminophenol and amyl nitrite rated the lowest, with negative effects similar to sodium nitrite. Adrenaline was tested as an antidote in one study where two novel antidotes both demonstrated promising results.ConclusionHydroxocobalamin had the highest success rate and its safety profile make it the most suitable pre-hospital drug treatment for acute cyanide poisoning.

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