scholarly journals The Invasiveness of Staphylococcus Aureus and Staphylococcus Epidermidis for the Mammary Gland of the Mouse

1977 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-137
Author(s):  
O. Holmberg ◽  
J. C. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis

Absence of Bacterial Adherence in the Establishment of Experimental Mastitis in Mice

1978 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 770-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Alveolar Epithelium ◽  
Bacterial Adherence ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Suckling Mice

The possibility of adherence of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli or Streptococcus agalactiae to the epithelium of the mammary gland was investigated by inoculating them into this gland of mice. S. aureus, S. epidermidis and E. coli did not adhere to alveolar epithelium in suckling or non-suckling mice. S. agalactiae adhered to alveolar epithelium in non-suckling mice but adhesion was not sufficiently strong to withstand suckling. Bacterial adherence probably does not play a significant role in the establishment of mastitis by these organisms.

Untersuchungen zur aeroben bakteriellen Besiedlung der Vaginalschleimhaut klinisch gesunder Kätzinnen

2004 ◽  
Vol 32 (02) ◽  
pp. 88-91
Author(s):  
Susanne Kloß ◽  
A. Wehrend ◽  
Astrid König ◽  
H. Bostedt
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Klinische Relevanz ◽  
Staphylococcus Intermedius

Zusammenfassung: Gegenstand und Ziel: Im Gegensatz zur Hündin liegen bei der Katze bisher wenige Studien über die genitale Keimflora geschlechtsgesunder Tiere vor. Ziel der Untersuchung war daher, physiologische Daten über die aerobe Vaginalflora bei dieser Spezies zu gewinnen. Material und Methoden: Für die vorliegende Studie standen 26 gesunde, anöstrische Katzen zur Verfügung, die zu einer Ovariohysterektomie vorgestellt wurden. Nach einer klinischen Untersuchung wurden von allen Probanden unter sterilen Bedingungen Vaginaltupfer entnommen. Ergebnisse: In allen Proben konnte ein Bakterienwachstum mit durchschnittlich zwei verschiedenen Bakterienspezies nachgewiesen werden. Die Gesamtkeimgehalte wurden bei 50% der Vaginaltupferproben als gering-, bei 15% als mittel- und bei 35% als hochgradig beurteilt. Vorherrschend waren Mischkulturen aus zwei bis vier verschiedenen Keimarten. Monokulturen wurden aus 38% der Tupferproben isoliert. Am häufigsten gelang der Nachweis von E. coli variatio haemolytica (E. coli var. haem.) (58%) und Staphylococcus epidermidis (42%). Als weitere Spezies wurden E. coli, α-, β-hämolysierende Streptokokken, anhämolysierende Streptokokken, aerobe Bazillen, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus intermedius, Pasteurella multocida sowie Klebsiellen isoliert. Auffällig ist die hohe Nachweisrate von E. coli var. haem. mit 35% in Mischkulturen und 23% in Reinkultur. Schlussfolgerungen: Die physiologische Mikroflora der felinen Vaginalschleimhaut differiert deutlich von der der anöstrischen Hündin. Besonders die Dominanz von E. coli var. haem. in 38% der Mischkulturen und 23% der Monokulturen bei der Katze ist hervorzuheben. Klinische Relevanz: Die vorliegenden Ergebnisse geben eine erste Grundlage für die Interpretation mikrobiologischer Befunde feliner Vaginaltupfer.

scholarly journals The bactericidal effect of vancomycin is not altered by tranexamic acid, adrenalin, dexamethasone, or lidocaine in vitro

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiane Schwerdt ◽  
Eric Röhner ◽  
Sabrina Böhle ◽  
Benjamin Jacob ◽  
Georg Matziolis
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Tranexamic Acid ◽  
Total Joint Arthroplasty ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Joint Infection ◽  
Bactericidal Effect ◽  
Joint Arthroplasty ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Agar Diffusion Test

AbstractOne of the most challenging complications of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). There is growing evidence of a good anti-infective effect of intrawound vancomycin powder in total joint arthroplasty. At the same time, various different locally applied substances have become popular in total joint arthroplasty. The objective of this study was therefore to investigate a possible inhibition of the bactericidal effect of vancomycin by tranexamic acid, adrenalin, lidocaine, or dexamethasone. The bactericidal effect of vancomycin was quantified using the established method of the agar diffusion test. The plates were incubated with Staphylococcus aureus or Staphylococcus epidermidis and four wells were stamped out. The wells were filled with vancomycin alone, the tested substance alone or a mixture of the two. The fourth well remained empty as a control. The plates were incubated overnight at 37 °C and the zone of inhibition in each field was measured on the next day. All tests were run three times for each pathogen and mean values and standard deviations of the measurements were calculated. Differences between the substances were tested using the t-test at a level of significance of 0.05. The bacterial growth was homogeneous on all plates. The baseline value for the zone of inhibition of vancomycin was on average 6.2 ± 0.4 mm for Staphylococcus aureus and 12 ± 0.3 mm for Staphylococcus epidermidis. In all other substances, no inhibition was detected around the well. The combination of vancomycin and each other substance did not show any different result compared to vancomycin alone. The bactericidal effect of vancomycin on staphylococci is not altered by tranexamic acid, adrenalin, dexamethasone, or lidocaine in vitro.

scholarly journals Pheromone Cross-Inhibition betweenStaphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis

2001 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 1957-1960 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Otto ◽  
Hartmut Echner ◽  
Wolfgang Voelter ◽  
Friedrich Götz
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Quorum Sensing ◽  
Cross Talk ◽  
Medical Devices ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Selective Pressure ◽  
Close Relation ◽  
Cross Inhibition

ABSTRACT Cross-inhibition by quorum-sensing pheromones betweenStaphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis was investigated using all known S. aureus agr pheromone subgroups. All S. aureus subgroups were sensitive towards the S. epidermidis pheromone, with the exception of the recently identified subgroup 4. The subgroup 4 pheromone was also the only S. aureus pheromone able to inhibit the S. epidermidis agr response. The close relation of subgroup 4 to subgroup 1 suggests that subgroup 4 might have evolved from subgroup 1 by mutation under the selective pressure of competition with S. epidermidis. The competition between S. aureus and S. epidermidis by means of quorum-sensing cross talk seems to be generally in favor of S. epidermidis, which might explain the predominance of S. epidermidis on the skin and in infections on indwelling medical devices.

scholarly journals Anaerobic Conditions Induce Expression of Polysaccharide Intercellular Adhesin in Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis

2001 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 4079-4085 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E. Cramton ◽  
Martina Ulrich ◽  
Friedrich Götz ◽  
Gerd Döring
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Extracellular Polysaccharide ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Anaerobic Environment ◽  
Specific Mrna

ABSTRACT Products of the intercellular adhesion (ica) operon in Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis synthesize a linear β-1,6-linked glucosaminylglycan. This extracellular polysaccharide mediates bacterial cell-cell adhesion and is required for biofilm formation, which is thought to increase the virulence of both pathogens in association with prosthetic biomedical implants. The environmental signal(s) that triggers ica gene product and polysaccharide expression is unknown. Here we demonstrate that anaerobic in vitro growth conditions lead to increased polysaccharide expression in both S. aureus and S. epidermidis, although the regulation is less stringent inS. epidermidis. Anaerobiosis also dramatically stimulates ica-specific mRNA expression inica- and polysaccharide-positive strains of both S. aureus and S. epidermidis.These data suggest a mechanism whereby ica gene expression and polysaccharide production may act as a virulence factor in an anaerobic environment in vivo.

Oxygen concentration in milk of healthy and mastitic cows and implications of low oxygen tension for the killing ofStaphylococcus aureusby bovine neutrophils

1988 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 513-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan J. Mayer ◽  
Avril E. Waterman ◽  
Peter M. Keen ◽  
Neil Craven ◽  
F. John Bourne
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Oxygen Concentration ◽  
Bactericidal Activity ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Low Oxygen Tension ◽  
Bovine Neutrophils ◽  
Venous Plasma

SummaryThe partial pressure of O2in milk from normal cows and from cows with mastitis was measured and the concentrations of O2calculated. Oxygen levels of milk from normal cows were similar to those in venous plasma, but inflammation of the mammary gland led to a dramatic drop in O2concentration to < 10% of control values. Intracellular survival ofStaphylococcus aureusstrain M60 in bovine neutrophils was greater under anaerobic than aerobic conditions. The implications of low O2concentrations in milk from infected mammary glands for the bactericidal activity of bovine neutrophils is discussed.

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