scholarly journals Bovine Steroid Hormone and SHBG Concentrations Postpartum and during the Oestrous Cycle

1990 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 459-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Vesanen ◽  
V. Isomaa ◽  
N. J. Bolton ◽  
M. Alanko ◽  
R. Vihko
Keyword(s):  
Steroid Hormone ◽  
Oestrous Cycle

The Bovine Cervix During the Oestrous Cycle: Regional Differences in Morphology and Density of Steroid Hormone Receptors

2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 120-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
VNA Breeveld-Dwarkasing ◽  
GC van der Weijden ◽  
MAM Taverne ◽  
FMF van Dissel-Emiliani
Keyword(s):  
Regional Differences ◽  
Hormone Receptors ◽  
Steroid Hormone ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Steroid Hormone Receptors

scholarly journals Immunolocalization of progesterone receptors in the canine ovary and their relation to sex steroid hormone concentrations

Reproduction ◽  
2001 ◽  
pp. 73-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Vermeirsch ◽  
P Simoens ◽  
M Coryn ◽  
W Van den Broeck
Keyword(s):  
Steroid Hormone ◽  
Progesterone Receptors ◽  
Staining Intensity ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Follicle Cells ◽  
Sex Steroid ◽  
Surface Epithelium ◽  
Nuclear Staining ◽  
Sex Steroid Hormone ◽  
Thecal Cells

The aim of the present study was to describe the normal cellular distribution of progesterone receptors in the canine ovary at different stages of the oestrous cycle. Samples of both ovaries were obtained from 75 healthy adult bitches of various breeds and ages, including five pregnant bitches and three bitches that had just delivered. The presence of progesterone receptors was visualized by immunohistochemistry on paraffin wax sections using a monoclonal antibody. Nuclear staining for progesterone receptors was observed in the surface epithelium, cortical tubules, rete ovarii, follicle cells, thecal cells, luteal cells, granulosa cell cords and ovarian stroma. The staining intensity for progesterone receptors in the follicle cells increased with the stage of follicle development, indicating an intrafollicular role of progesterone in the mechanism of ovulation and luteinization. The stronger staining intensities for progesterone receptors in thecal cells compared with follicle cells may be explained by the fact that thecal cells mediate some effects of steroid hormones on the follicle cells in secondary and tertiary follicles. Little correlation was found between the expression of progesterone receptors in follicle cells and oestradiol, progesterone or testosterone concentrations. This finding indicates a different regulating mechanism for progesterone receptors in canine ovarian follicles compared with other tissues of the genital tract. During pregnancy all groups of ovarian cells had lower staining intensity scores than during the oestrous cycle, although the sex steroid hormone concentrations in pregnant bitches were similar to those in non-pregnant bitches during the luteal phase of the oestrous cycle. The lower expression of progesterone receptors during pregnancy may be due to higher tissue concentrations of progesterone that are not reflected in the serum because of haemodilution and increased metabolism and clearance during pregnancy.

scholarly journals Endometrial recognition of pregnancy occurs in the grey short-tailed opossum ( Monodelphis domestica )

2019 ◽  
Vol 286 (1905) ◽  
pp. 20190691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver W. Griffith ◽  
Arun R. Chavan ◽  
Mihaela Pavlicev ◽  
Stella Protopapas ◽  
Ryan Callahan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Steroid Hormone ◽  
Monodelphis Domestica ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Hormone Profile ◽  
Stem Lineage ◽  
Pregnancy Recognition ◽  
Transcriptional Landscape

In human pregnancy, recognition of an embryo within the uterus is essential to support the fetus through gestation. In most marsupials, such as the opossums, pregnancy is shorter than the oestrous cycle and the steroid hormone profile during pregnancy and oestrous cycle are indistinguishable. For these reasons, it was assumed that recognition of pregnancy, as a trait, evolved in the eutherian (placental) stem lineage and independently in wallabies and kangaroos. To investigate whether uterine recognition of pregnancy occurs in species with pregnancy shorter than the oestrous cycle, we examined reproduction in the short-tailed opossum ( Monodelphis domestica ), a marsupial with a plesiomorphic mode of pregnancy. We examined the morphological and gene expression changes in the uterus of females in the non-pregnant oestrous cycle and compared these to pregnancy. We found that the presence of an embryo did not alter some aspects of uterine development but increased glandular activity. Transcriptionally, we saw big differences between the uterus of pregnant and cycling animals. These differences included an upregulation of genes involved in transport, inflammation and metabolic-activity in response to the presence of a fetus. Furthermore, transcriptional differences reflected protein level differences in transporter abundance. Our results suggest that while the uterus exhibits programmed changes after ovulation, its transcriptional landscape during pregnancy responds to the presence of a fetus and upregulates genes that may be essential for fetal support. These results are consistent with endometrial recognition of pregnancy occurring in the opossum. While the effects on maternal physiology appear to differ, recognition of pregnancy has now been observed in eutherian mammals, as well as, Australian and American marsupials.

scholarly journals ACTH treatment disrupts ovarian IGF-I and steroid hormone production

2000 ◽  
Vol 164 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
MM Viveiros ◽  
RM Liptrap
Keyword(s):  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Steroid Hormone ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hormone Production ◽  
Hormone Synthesis ◽  
Glucocorticoid Hormone ◽  
Igf I

Hyper-adrenal activity and increased glucocorticoid hormone release are associated with disruptions in reproductive function and adverse effects on the ovary. The aim of this investigation was to determine whether elevated glucocorticoid hormone levels can influence ovarian IGF-I synthesis and action in vivo. To elevate endogenous glucocorticoid levels, gilts were treated with ACTH during the luteal phase of the oestrous cycle (days 9-13) while the control group received saline. The gilts were subsequently ovariectomized on either day 14 or day 18 of the oestrous cycle. Follicular fluid (FF) was collected from individual follicles; IGF-I and steroid hormone concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay, and IGF-binding protein (IGFBP) expression was assessed by Western ligand blotting. Granulosa cells were also recovered and placed in culture to determine IGF-I, progesterone (P(4)) and oestradiol-17beta (E(2)) production levels. The cells were cultured in serum-free medium for 5 days and supplemented with: (a) media alone, (b) IGF-I, (c) FSH and androstenedione (A(4)), or (d) IGF-I with FSH and A(4). The FF from ACTH-treated gilts was characterized by elevated (P<0.05) cortisol levels on day 14 and lower (P<0.05) E(2) values on both day 14 and day 18. Lower (P<0.05) IGF-I concentrations were also measured in the FF of ACTH-treated gilts collected on day 18. This altered hormone profile in FF was associated with impaired IGF-I and steroid hormone synthesis by granulosa cells. IGF-stimulated P(4) production (P<0.01) by cells recovered from ACTH-treated gilts on day 14 was lower (P<0.05). By day 18, IGF-I, P(4) and E(2) production by cells from the ACTH group were all significantly (P<0. 05) lower. These results demonstrate that increased glucocorticoid concentrations can disrupt subsequent ovarian IGF-I synthesis and IGF action in vivo and can, potentially, impair follicle maturation.

Steroid hormone concentrations and body mass are differently affected by polyunsaturated fatty acids during the oestrous cycle in guinea pigs

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 1077 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Nemeth ◽  
Bernard Wallner ◽  
Carina Siutz ◽  
Elisabeth Pschernig ◽  
Karl-Heinz Wagner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Steroid Hormone ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
High Concentrations

Reproductive functions in female mammals can be significantly affected by the actions of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on steroid hormone secretion rates. Nevertheless, the effects of plasma free PUFAs on the oestrous cycle have seldom been considered. Therefore, in the present study, the diet of domestic guinea pigs was supplemented with high concentrations of different PUFAs and the effects of altered plasma PUFA patterns on steroid hormone concentrations, measured non-invasively, and body mass during oestrus and dioestrus were analysed. The oestrous cycle was characterised by increased oestrogen and cortisol concentrations in oestrus, corroborated by lowest bodyweight, whereas progesterone concentrations were highest in dioestrus. Plasma concentrations of the long-chain PUFAs docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6 ω3) and arachidonic acid (AA; 20:5 ω6) affected steroid hormone concentrations differently in oestrus and dioestrus. DHA positively affected oestrogen and progesterone concentrations and diminished cortisol concentrations only in oestrus. In contrast, AA negatively affected oestrogen and stimulated cortisol concentrations in oestrus and reduced progesterone concentrations in general. These findings imply selective and opposite contributions of DHA and AA to ovarian functions during different stages of the oestrous cycle, indicating a high biological relevance of plasma free PUFAs in female reproductive function.

NEW DATA CONCERNING THE ROLE PLAYED BY PROGESTERONE IN THE CONTROL OF FOLLICULAR GROWTH IN THE RAT

1974 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 569-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Buffler ◽  
S. Roser
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Cycle Duration ◽  
Follicular Growth ◽  
The Third ◽  
Female Wistar Rats

ABSTRACT The mechanisms involved in the prolongation of the oestrous cycle following LH administration were studied in 4-day cyclic female Wistar rats. In females injected with LH on the morning of dioestrus I there was an increase in ovarian venous blood progesterone as compared with non-injected animals. In both LH-treated females, and those injected with progesterone on the morning of dioestrus I, a slowing up in follicular growth was observed from the afternoon of dioestrus I. The size of follicles greater than 400 urn present in LH or progesterone injected animals on the third day of cycle was similar to the size reached by the same range of follicles in non-injected animals on the second day of the cycle. Hence, the increase in endogenous ovarian progesterone elicited by LH was considered as the cause of the slowing up of follicular growth and therefore of the lengthening of the oestrous cycle duration in female rats injected with LH at the beginning of 4-day cycle.

STEROID HORMONE METABOLISM IN RESPONSIVE TISSUES IN VITRO

1971 ◽  
Vol 68 (1_Suppl) ◽  
pp. S279-S294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Robel
Keyword(s):  
Steroid Hormone ◽  
Physiological Activity ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Target Tissue ◽  
Hormone Metabolism ◽  
Metabolizing Enzymes ◽  
Relationship Of

ABSTRACT Of the information available on steroid hormone metabolism in responsive tissues, only that relating hormone metabolism to physiological activity is reviewed, i. e. metabolite activity in isolated in vitro systems, binding of metabolites to target tissue receptors, specific steroid hormone metabolizing enzymes and relationship of hormone metabolism to target organ physiological state. Further, evidence is presented in the androgen field, demonstrating 5α-reduced metabolites, formed inside the target cells, as active compounds. This has led to a consideration of testosterone as a »prehormone«. The possibility that similar events take place in tissues responding to progesterone is discussed. Finally, the role of hormone metabolism in the regulation of hormone availability and/or renewal in target cells is discussed. In this context, reference is made to the potential role of plasma binding proteins and cytosol receptors.

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