scholarly journals Overdiagnosis and overtreatment of breast cancer: Overdiagnosis in randomised controlled trials of breast cancer screening

2005 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sue Moss
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Breast Cancer Screening ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trials ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Randomised Controlled

Breast Cancer Screening: The Effect of Self Selection for Screening on Comparisons of Randomised Controlled Trials

1997 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Richardson ◽  
J Elisabeth Wells
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Breast Cancer Screening ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trials ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Self Selection ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Selection Of

In randomised controlled trials of breast cancer screening women are randomly allocated to an intervention group that is offered screening, or a control group that receives the usual medical care. Not all women in the intervention group accept screening; the women who do so may differ from other women in their underlying risk of breast cancer. This self selection for screening can result in either women at high risk or at low risk being overrepresented in the screened group. When comparisons between trials are made it is important to take self selection for screening into account, as a trial with self selection of women at high risk has the potential to have greater efficacy than a trial with self selection of women at low risk. A method of adjusting for self selection when comparing randomised controlled trials of breast cancer screening is described.

scholarly journals Updated systematic review of exercise studies in breast cancer survivors: attention to the principles of exercise training

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (8) ◽  
pp. 504-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E Neil-Sztramko ◽  
Kerri M Winters-Stone ◽  
Kelcey A Bland ◽  
Kristin L Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trials ◽  
Breast Cancer Survivors ◽  
Exercise Prescription ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Randomised Controlled

ObjectivesTo update our previous evaluation of the exercise interventions used in randomised controlled trials of breast cancer survivors in relation to (1) the application of the principles of exercise training in the exercise prescription; (2) the reporting of the components of the exercise prescription; and (3) the reporting of adherence of participants to the prescribed interventions.DesignSystematic review.Data sourcesThe OVID Medline, Embase, CINAHL and SPORTDiscus electronic databases were searched from January 2010 to January 2017.Eligibility criteriaRandomised controlled trials of at least 4 weeks of aerobic and/or resistance exercise in women diagnosed with breast cancer, reporting on physical fitness or body composition outcomes.ResultsSpecificity was appropriately applied by 84%, progression by 29%, overload by 38% and initial values by 67% of newly identified studies. Reversibility was reported by 3% anddiminishing returns by 22% of newly identified studies. No studies reported all components of the exercise prescription in the methods, or adherence to the prescribed intervention in the results. Reporting of reversibility has increased from 2010, but no other improvements in reporting were noted from the previous review.Summary/ConclusionNo studies of exercise in women with breast cancer attended to all principles of exercise training, or reported all components of the exercise prescription in the methods, or adherence to the prescription in the results. Full reporting of the exercise prescribed and completed is essential for study replication in research and translating research findings into the community, and should be prioritised in future trials.

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