scholarly journals Hyaluronic acid fragments enhance the inflammatory and catabolic response in human intervertebral disc cells through modulation of toll-like receptor 2 signalling pathways

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. R94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilian Quero ◽  
Marina Klawitter ◽  
Anja Schmaus ◽  
Melanie Rothley ◽  
Jonathan Sleeman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Signalling Pathways ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Disc Cells ◽  
Catabolic Response ◽  
Toll Like Receptor 2

scholarly journals Toll-like Receptor 2 Regulates Nerve Growth Factor Synthesis via NF-κB Signaling in Human Intervertebral Disc Cells

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. s-0036-1582634-s-0036-1582634
Author(s):  
Emerson Krock ◽  
J. Brooke Currie ◽  
Michael H. Weber ◽  
Jean Ouellet ◽  
Laura S. Stone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Growth Factor ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Nerve Growth ◽  
Disc Cells ◽  
Toll Like Receptor 2 ◽  
Nerve Growth Factor Synthesis

scholarly journals Expression and activity of hyaluronidases HYAL-1, HYAL-2 and HYAL-3 in the human intervertebral disc

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 605-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Krupkova ◽  
Helen Greutert ◽  
Norbert Boos ◽  
Johannes Lemcke ◽  
Thomas Liebscher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Severe Group ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Catabolic Response ◽  
Donor Variation ◽  
Ivd Degeneration ◽  
Expression And Activity

Abstract Purpose Hyaluronic acid plays an essential role in water retention of the intervertebral disc (IVD) and thus provides flexibility and shock absorbance in the spine. Hyaluronic acid gets degraded by hyaluronidases (HYALs), and some of the resulting fragments were previously shown to induce an inflammatory and catabolic response in human IVD cells. However, no data currently exist on the expression and activity of HYALs in IVD health and disease. Methods Gene expression, protein expression and activity of HYALs were determined in human IVD biopsies with different degrees of degeneration (n = 50 total). Furthermore, freshly isolated human IVD cells (n = 23 total) were stimulated with IL-1β, TNF-α or H2O2, followed by analysis of HYAL-1, HYAL-2 and HYAL-3 gene expression. Results Gene expression of HYAL-1 and protein expression of HYAL-2 significantly increased in moderate/severe disc samples when compared to samples with no or low IVD degeneration. HYAL activity was not significantly increased due to high donor–donor variation, but seemed overall higher in the moderate/severe group. An inflammatory environment, as seen during IVD disease, did not affect HYAL-1, HYAL-2 or HYAL-3 expression, whereas exposure to oxidative stress (100 µM H2O2) upregulated HYAL-2 expression relative to untreated controls. Conclusion Although HYAL-1, HYAL-2 and HYAL-3 are all expressed in the IVD, HYAL-2 seems to have the highest pathophysiological relevance. Nonetheless, further studies will be needed to comprehensively elucidate its significance and to determine its potential as a therapeutic target. Graphic abstract These slides can be retrieved under Electronic Supplementary Material.

Toll-like receptor 2 signaling is important for fas ligand on NKT cells, may contribute to liver injury induced by Salmonella infection

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A357-A357
Author(s):  
H SHIMIZU ◽  
Y FUKUDA ◽  
I NAKANO ◽  
Y KATANO ◽  
K NAGANO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Injury ◽  
Fas Ligand ◽  
Nkt Cells ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Salmonella Infection ◽  
Toll Like Receptor 2
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