scholarly journals Quantification of the whole-body burden of radiographic osteoarthritis using factor analysis

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. R176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda E Nelson ◽  
Robert F DeVellis ◽  
Jordan B Renner ◽  
Todd A Schwartz ◽  
Philip G Conaghan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Body Burden ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Radiographic Osteoarthritis

Absorption of Copper in Homozygotes and Heterozygotes for Wilson's Disease and Controls: Isotope Tracer Studies with 67Cu and 64Cu

1972 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 617-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. T. Strickland ◽  
W. M. Beckner ◽  
Mei-Ling Leu
Keyword(s):  
Wilson’S Disease ◽  
Body Burden ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Wilson's Disease ◽  
Cirrhosis Of The Liver ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Faecal Excretion ◽  
Body Retention ◽  
Body Counting ◽  
The Mean

1. Absorption of copper was determined by the simultaneous administration of 64Cu orally and 67Cu intravenously to six patients with Wilson's disease (WD), eighteen of their parents and siblings, four normal subjects and three subjects with cirrhosis of the liver. Absorption was calculated by three methods: (1) the mean ratio of 64Cu to 67Cu body retention at 3 and 4 days as determined by whole-body counting; (2) the mean ratio of 64Cu to 67Cu at 3 and 4 days as determined by faecal excretion; and (3) the mean ratio of 64Cu to 67Cu plasma radioactivity 6–24 h after administration. 2. The total-body counting and faecal methods for determining copper absorption agreed with each other, demonstrating that the normal absorption of copper is 40–70% (mean 56%) of the dose and that absorption is not influenced by cirrhosis of the liver, age or sex; but it appears to be inversely related to the amount of carrier copper. The absorption of copper in both homozygotes and heterozygotes for WD did not differ significantly from that of the control subjects. Therefore, the increased body burden of copper in WD does not appear to be due to over absorption, but rather to decreased biliary excretion of copper.

Cadmium Poisoning in Fundulus heteroclitus (Pisces: Cyprinodontidae) and other Marine Organisms

1971 ◽  
Vol 28 (9) ◽  
pp. 1225-1234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Eisler
Keyword(s):  
Fundulus Heteroclitus ◽  
Blue Mussel ◽  
Cadmium Toxicity ◽  
Grass Shrimp ◽  
Body Burden ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Urosalpinx Cinerea ◽  
Eastern Mud Snail ◽  
Crangon Septemspinosa

In acute toxicity bioassays with [Formula: see text] at 20 C and 20‰ salinity, the concentrations fatal to 50% of the organisms of various marine species in 96 hr ranged between 0.32 and 55.0 mg/liter Cd2+. The order of sensitivity was: sand shrimp, Crangon septemspinosa (0.32); hermit crab, Pagurus longicarpus (0.32); grass shrimp, Palaemonetes vulgaris (0.42); common starfish, Asterias forbesi (0.82); common soft-shell clam, Mya arenaria (2.2); green crab, Carcinus maenus (4.1); Atlantic oyster drill, Urosalpinx cinerea (6.6); eastern mud snail, Nassarius obsoletus (10.5); sandworm, Nereis virens (11.0); striped killifish, Fundulus majalis (21.0); blue mussel, Mytilus edulis (25.0); sheepshead minnow, Cyprinodon variegatus (50.0); and mummichog, Fundulus heteroclitus (55.0). Mummichogs were more susceptible to cadmium exposures at 20 C than at 5 C and at 5‰ salinity than at 15, 25, or 35‰. Additional studies with mummichogs clearly demonstrated that 96 hr was not sufficient to adequately evaluate cadmium toxicity to this species. Mummichog whole body cadmium residues determined by atomic absorption provided a useful index of cadmium body burden among fish surviving exposure. However, cadmium residue data from dead mummichogs were of limited worth owing to accumulation after death.

Body Measurements Forecast Based on Factor Analysis and Radical Basis Function Net

2013 ◽  
Vol 328 ◽  
pp. 89-92
Author(s):  
Zheng Liu ◽  
Ji Tuo Li ◽  
Guang Chen ◽  
Guo Dong Lu
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Nonlinear Model ◽  
Basis Function ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Forecast Method ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Human Modeling ◽  
Clothing Manufacture

For acquiring the body measurements precisely and conveniently, this paper presents a forecast method with character parameters. The character parameters are chosen based on factor analysis. The nonlinear model based on radical basis function net builds the correlation between the character parameters and the detailed measurements. Through measuring a few character parameters easily we can obtain the whole body detailed sizes. This technology can be used in and benefit the clothing manufacture and human modeling.

scholarly journals Body burden and distribution of 137Cs in reindeer

Rangifer ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birgitta Åhman
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Activity Concentration ◽  
Body Burden ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Activity ◽  
Average Activity ◽  
Free Body ◽  
Average Body

The whole body was collected from 6 reindeer that had been grazing contaminated pasture and from 6 reindeer that had been fed uncontaminated feed the last weeks before slaughter. The body was emptied from in-gesta and weighed. Samples were taken from skeletal muscle, kidneys, heart, liver, lungs, rumen wall, bone and blood. The total activity of 137Cs in the ingesta-free body and the acitivity concentration of l37Cs in the different tissues were determined. The highest acitivity concentrations of l37Cs were found in skeletal muscle and in kidneys. Activity concentrations in kidneys, heart, liver, lungs and rumen wall, relative to skeletal muscle, were lower in reindeer with decreasing radiocaesium levels, compared to reindeer with continuous intake of radiocaesium, indicating a more rapid elimination in these tissues than in muscle. The ratios between average activity concentration of 137Cs in whole body and acitivity concentration in muscle from the same animal, ranged from 0.51 to 0.62. A factor of 0.57 is suggested for calculating average body activity concentration of radiocaesium from known activity concentration in muscle.

scholarly journals Whole-body bone scintigraphy provides a measure of the total-body burden of osteoarthritis for the purpose of systemic biomarker validation

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 3366-3373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shelby Addison ◽  
R. Edward Coleman ◽  
Sheng Feng ◽  
Gary McDaniel ◽  
Virginia Byers Kraus
Keyword(s):  
Bone Scintigraphy ◽  
Body Burden ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Biomarker Validation ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Body Bone

scholarly journals Distribution and Elimination of Ingested Mercuric Oxide in Mice

1983 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-317
Author(s):  
G. G. Berg ◽  
B. S. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Body Burden ◽  
Compartment Model ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Mercuric Oxide ◽  
Half Time ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Intermediate Rate ◽  
Body Concentration ◽  
Concentration Ratios

Neutron-activated mercuric oxide was administered by gavage to female BALB/c mice. Counts of 197Hg and 203Hg in the whole body, urine, and feces were followed for up to 36 days. Elimination of mercury fitted a 3-compartment model. Nonpregnant mice eliminated approximately 87.5% of the dose at a fast rate (t1-2 = 9 hours), 12% at an intermediate rate (t>1/2 = 2 days), and 0.5% at a slow rate (t1/2 = 15 days). Each half-time was approximately 7 times shorter than the corresponding half-time fitted to published data on rats. Mice were also faster than humans in eliminating the ingested mercury. Pregnancy slowed down the intermediate rate of elimination. The total administered dose was recovered from feces and urine in a 9:1 ratio. Organ weights and mercury burdens were measured after serial sacrifice. Peak concentrations were reached within two days, with highest levels in kidneys followed by placentae and livers. In brains, peak concentrations were delayed and low. Subsequent losses of mercury differed widely in rate constants, with fastest overall rates in the brain, intestine, and integument, followed in order by whole body, liver, and kidneys. Ten days after dosing, mercury concentration ratios of placenta to 17-day old fetus were 20:1; 11 days after dosing, and with less than 2% of body burden remaining, while body concentration ratios of mother to neonate were 4:1. The data indicated that mice eliminated mercuric salts faster than had been reported for rats or humans, and that rapid elimination coupled with a placental barrier shielded fetuses from equlibrating with the peak concentrations of mercury found in dams after a single dose.

Changes in Elemental Composition of Hatchery-Reared Rainbow Trout, Salmo gairdneri, Associated with Growth and Reproduction

1984 ◽  
Vol 41 (11) ◽  
pp. 1592-1600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl D. Shearer
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Body Burden ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Gonad Maturation ◽  
Fish Size ◽  
Weight Concentration

By examining a group of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) over their life cycle (ova to 1500 g), 1 found that their elemental composition was determined by fish size, stage of life cycle (prefeeding, juvenile, post-juvenile), and reproductive state. Fish were fed practical diets and were reared under hatchery conditions. Whole body elemental concentrations of Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Sr, and Zn were size dependent prior to sexual maturity. Rates of elemental accumulation in relation to weight gain were higher in juveniles than in adult fish. Reduced somatic concentrations of Mn, Fe, and Zn were observed during gonad maturation in female but not in male trout. Tissue concentrations of some elements remained constant over the duration of the study, while others increased or decreased linearly with increasing fish size. Tables and equations 1 present will enable the normal tissue and whole body elemental composition of rainbow trout at any size to be determined. My results indicate that body burden or wet weight concentration are better indicators of elemental status than dry weight concentration and that comparison of elemental levels between treatment groups in dietary experiments should be made on the basis of a standard-sized fish or by comparing the rates of elemental deposition with growth.

Excretion of Radiocesium (137Cs) in Sweat from Humans

1970 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-216
Author(s):  
Odd D. Vellar ◽  
Kjell Madshus
Keyword(s):  
Oral Dose ◽  
Body Burden ◽  
Physical Exertion ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Profuse Perspiration ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Second Period ◽  
Mean Concentration ◽  
Sweat Collection

Sweat from the whole body was collected in five healthy unacclimatized male students during two consecutive periods of profuse sweating in a climatic chamber with a hot humid environment. In each subject one sweat collection experiment was performed before and another experiment about two weeks after an oral dose of 137Cs (160 nCi).Before the intake of the 137Cs oral dose the volunteers had a “natural” body burden in the same range as other Oslo-residents, whereas their mean body burden rose by a factor of approximately six, measured five days after the intake of the dose.The mean concentration of 137Cs in whole body sweat after the intake of the oral dose was about 10 times higher than the initial values.After the oral dose of 137Cs, the amount excreted through sweating was about 30 pCi 137Cs per hour. Thus, the present data show that the elimination of 137Cs through sweating might be considerable during prolonged periods of profuse perspiration. Consequently, this excretory pathway should not be neglected under conditions where heat, humidity and physical exertion pertain.There was no decrease in the concentration of 137Cs in whole body sweat from the first to the second period of sweat collection. Thus, the results give no support to the hypothesis of an “internal” contamination of the sweat of the initial stages of secretion.

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