scholarly journals 99mTc-anti-TNF-α antibody for the imaging of disease activity in pulmonary sarcoidosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 1198-1207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roeland Vis ◽  
Gaurav Malviya ◽  
Alberto Signore ◽  
Jan C. Grutters ◽  
Bob Meek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Pulmonary Sarcoidosis ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Target Tissue ◽  
Laboratory Parameters ◽  
Tissue Accumulation ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Tnf Α

Infliximab, a monoclonal antibody directed against tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, is used in the treatment of refractory sarcoidosis. However, the clinical response is variable and a tool to select responders beforehand is highly desirable. In this study we evaluated scintigraphy with technetium-99m (99mTc)-labelled infliximab for the imaging of disease activity in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis.10 patients were studied using single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (CT) 6 h and 20 h after intravenous administration of 370 MBq of 99mTc-infliximab. Correlation analysis was performed between tissue accumulation of 99mTc-infliximab and laboratory parameters (including soluble interleukin-2 receptor and angiotensin-converting enzyme), lung function parameters (including forced expiratory volume in 1 s and the diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide) and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/CT.Analysis showed selective and variable accumulation of 99mTc-infliximab in the target tissue. Accumulation correlated positively with all four laboratory parameters and negatively with all four lung function parameters, yielding better correlations than serum TNF-α levels or 18F-FDG PET/CT.99mTc-infliximab accumulation reflects the in situ TNF-α expression in an individual patient and therefore provides valuable information on the presence of the biological target for anti-TNF-α therapy.

Computerized Tomography (CT) Updates and Challenges in Diagnosis of Bone Metastases During Prostate Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 565-571
Author(s):  
Jinguo Zhang ◽  
Guanzhong Zhai ◽  
Bin Yang ◽  
Zhenhe Liu
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Bone Metastases ◽  
Computerized Tomography ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Major Complication ◽  
Tracer Uptake ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Pet Ct

Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers in men. This cancer is often associated with indolent tumors with little or no lethal potential. Some of the patients with aggressive prostate cancer have increased morbidity and early deaths. A major complication in advanced prostate cancer is bone metastasis that mainly results in pain, pathological fractures, and compression of spinal nerves. These complications in turn cause severe pain radiating to the extremities and possibly sensory as well as motor disturbances. Further, in patients with a high risk of metastases, treatment is limited to palliative therapies. Therefore, accurate methods for the detection of bone metastases are essential. Technical advances such as single-photon emission computed tomography/ computed tomography (SPECT/CT) have emerged after the introduction of bone scans. These advanced methods allow tomographic image acquisition and help in attenuation correction with anatomical co-localization. The use of positron emission tomography/CT (PET/CT) scanners is also on the rise. These PET scanners are mainly utilized with 18F-sodium-fluoride (NaF), in order to visualize the skeleton and possible changes. Moreover, NaF PET/CT is associated with higher tracer uptake, increased target-to-background ratio and has a higher spatial resolution. However, these newer technologies have not been adopted in clinical guidelines due to lack of definite evidence in support of their use in bone metastases cases. The present review article is focused on current perspectives and challenges of computerized tomography (CT) applications in cases of bone metastases during prostate cancer.

FDG-PET/CT Assessment of Pulmonary Sarcoidosis: A Guide for Internists

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Tana ◽  
Silvio di Carlo ◽  
Marcello Romano ◽  
Massimo Alessandri ◽  
Cosima Schiavone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Fdg Pet ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Pulmonary Sarcoidosis ◽  
High Resolution Computed Tomography ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Noncaseating Granulomas ◽  
Fdg Pet Ct

Background:18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography integrated with computed tomography (18-F-FDG-PET/CT) is getting wide consensus in the diagnosis and staging of neoplastic disorders and represents a useful tool in the assessment of various inflammatory conditions. </P><P> Discussion: Sarcoidosis is an uncommon disease characterized by the systemic formation of noncaseating granulomas. Lungs are the sites most often affected, and investigation with high resolution computed tomography and biopsy is essential to achieve a correct diagnosis. 18-F-FDGPET/ CT is effective in the assessment of pulmonary sarcoidosis by demonstrating pulmonary and extrathoracic involvement and findings correlate well with pulmonary function in patients affected.Conclusion:This review would illustrate the usefulness and limits of 18-F-FDG-PET/CT in the assessment of pulmonary sarcoidosis.

scholarly journals A Nordic survey of CT doses in hybrid PET/CT and SPECT/CT examinations

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie A. Bebbington ◽  
Bryan T. Haddock ◽  
Henrik Bertilsson ◽  
Eero Hippeläinen ◽  
Ellen M. Husby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Single Photon Emission ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Clinical Purpose ◽  
Single Photon Emission Computed ◽  
Photon Emission Computed Tomography

Abstract Background Computed tomography (CT) scans are routinely performed in positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) examinations globally, yet few surveys have been conducted to gather national diagnostic reference level (NDRL) data for CT radiation doses in positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) and single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT). In this first Nordic-wide study of CT doses in hybrid imaging, Nordic NDRL CT doses are suggested for PET/CT and SPECT/CT examinations specific to the clinical purpose of CT, and the scope for optimisation is evaluated. Data on hybrid imaging CT exposures and clinical purpose of CT were gathered for 5 PET/CT and 8 SPECT/CT examinations via designed booklet. For each included dataset for a given facility and scanner type, the computed tomography dose index by volume (CTDIvol) and dose length product (DLP) was interpolated for a 75-kg person (referred to as CTDIvol,75kg and DLP75kg). Suggested NDRL (75th percentile) and achievable doses (50th percentile) were determined for CTDIvol,75kg and DLP75kg according to clinical purpose of CT. Differences in maximum and minimum doses (derived for a 75-kg patient) between facilities were also calculated for each examination and clinical purpose. Results Data were processed from 83 scanners from 43 facilities. Data were sufficient to suggest Nordic NDRL CT doses for the following: PET/CT oncology (localisation/characterisation, 15 systems); infection/inflammation (localisation/characterisation, 13 systems); brain (attenuation correction (AC) only, 11 systems); cardiac PET/CT and SPECT/CT (AC only, 30 systems); SPECT/CT lung (localisation/characterisation, 12 systems); bone (localisation/characterisation, 30 systems); and parathyroid (localisation/characterisation, 13 systems). Great variations in dose were seen for all aforementioned examinations. Greatest differences in DLP75kg for each examination, specific to clinical purpose, were as follows: SPECT/CT lung AC only (27.4); PET/CT and SPECT/CT cardiac AC only (19.6); infection/inflammation AC only (18.1); PET/CT brain localisation/characterisation (16.8); SPECT/CT bone localisation/characterisation (10.0); PET/CT oncology AC only (9.0); and SPECT/CT parathyroid localisation/characterisation (7.8). Conclusions Suggested Nordic NDRL CT doses are presented according to clinical purpose of CT for PET/CT oncology, infection/inflammation, brain, PET/CT and SPECT/CT cardiac, and SPECT/CT lung, bone, and parathyroid. The large variation in doses suggests great scope for optimisation in all 8 examinations.

scholarly journals An Unusual Case of Primary Hyperparathyroidism: Case Report of a Bifocal Intrathyroidal Parathyroid Carcinoma

2020 ◽  
pp. 014556132097746
Author(s):  
Maxime Damien ◽  
Alexandra Rodriguez ◽  
Pierre Kleynen ◽  
Didier Dequanter ◽  
Cyril Bouland
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Primary Hyperparathyroidism ◽  
Parathyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Parathyroid Tissue ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Thyroid Lobe ◽  
Imaging Results ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Left Thyroid Lobe

Intrathyroidal parathyroid carcinoma is an extremely rare cause of primary hyperparathyroidism. We reported a 51-year old woman who presented symptoms of hypercalcemia. 99mTc sestamibi single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (CT) revealed a large hypermetabolic nodule in the left thyroid lobe suggestive of hyperfunctioning parathyroid tissue. 11C-methionine positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) and 18F-fluorocholine PET/CT confirmed the nodule in the left thyroid lobe and also revealed a hypermetabolic activity on the posterior surface of the lower left pole. The patient underwent a total thyroidectomy and parathyroidectomy, and a diagnosis of bifocal intrathyroidal parathyroid carcinoma was confirmed. We present the first reported case of bifocal intrathyroidal carcinoma and discuss the discordant imaging results.

Impaired Myocardial Flow Reserve on 82Rubidium Positron Emission Computed Tomography in Patients with Systemic Sclerosis

2021 ◽  
pp. jrheum.210040
Author(s):  
Attila Feher ◽  
Nabil E. Boutagy ◽  
Evangelos K. Oikonomou ◽  
Stephanie Thorn ◽  
Yi-Hwa Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Systemic Sclerosis ◽  
Myocardial Flow Reserve ◽  
Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Flow Reserve ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Myocardial Flow ◽  
Healthy Participants

Objective To investigate the association between Raynaud phenomenon (RP) and coronary microvascular dysfunction, we measured myocardial flow reserve (MFR) using positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in primary and secondary RP patients and controls. Methods RP patients, patient controls and healthy participants who underwent dynamic reststress 82-Rubidium PET/CT were studied. Differences in heart rate-blood pressure product corrected MFR and clinical predictors of reduced MFR (< 2.0) were determined. Results 49 RP patients (80% female, 65 ± 11 years): 11 primary RP, 18 systemic sclerosis (SSc) and 20 other autoimmune diseases (AID) (n=6 systemic lupus erythematosus, n=6 rheumatoid arthritis, n=4 overlap syndrome, n=2 Sjogren's syndrome, n=2 inflammatory arthritis), 49 matched patients without RP or AID (78% female, 64 ± 13 years) and 14 healthy participants (50% female, 35 ± 5 years) were studied. Primary RP patients, matched patient controls and healthy participants had comparable MFR. SSc-RP patients had significantly reduced MFR (1.62 ± 0.32) compared to matched patient controls (p=0.03, 2.06 ± 0.61) and to healthy participants (p=0.01, 2.22 ± 0.44). In multivariable logistic regression, SSc was an independent predictor of reduced MFR. We identified a correlation between time since AID diagnosis and MFR (r= -0.37; 95% CI: -0.61 to -0.09; p=0.01). Conclusion Our findings suggest that only secondary, not primary, RP is associated with reduced MFR, and that SSc-RP patients have reduced MFR compared to primary RP and other

The Use of Positron Emission Computed Tomography and Computed Tomography in the Treatment of Gynecological Malignant Tumor

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 2062-2066
Author(s):  
Lang Yang ◽  
Xiaoxia Hu.
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Comprehensive Treatment ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Conventional Imaging ◽  
Ct Diagnosis ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Predictive Rate ◽  
Fdg Pet Ct

Objective: Investigating the value of 18Fluorine-Fluorodesoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission computed tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) before and after the comprehensive treatment of gynecological malignant tumors is the study purpose. Method: In this study, the patients with gynecological malignant tumor who are examined by 18F-FDG PET/CT test are taken as the study objects, supplemented by image fusion algorithm to achieve the best fusion effect. At the same time, routine imaging examination is performed and confirmed by histopathology. Before and after comprehensive treatment, in terms of PET/CT, its predictive rate of positive as well as negative, sensitivity, specificity as well as accuracy are compared with conventional imaging. Results: Before comprehensive treatment, the positive predictive rate of PET/CT diagnosis is 100%, the sensitivity is 95.00%, and the accuracy is 95.00%. The positive predictive rate of conventional imaging diagnosis is 100%, the sensitivity is 73.75%, and the accuracy is 73.75%. In terms of the PET/CT sensitivity as well as accuracy, conventional imaging is lower than that of it. After comprehensive treatment, the positive predictive rate of PET/CT diagnosis is 96.30%, the negative predictive rate is 100.00%, the sensitivity is 100.00%, the specificity is 92.86%, and the accuracy is 95.50%. The positive predictive rate of conventional imaging diagnosis is 94.87%, the negative predictive rate is 68.29%, the sensitivity is 74.00%, the specificity is 93.33%, and the accuracy is 81.25%. In terms of the above indexes, conventional imaging is lower than PET/CT diagnosis. Conclusion: When it is compared with conventional imaging, 18F-FDG PET/CT has higher accuracy. Besides, it is more comprehensive when diagnosing gynecological cancer before and after comprehensive treatment, which is worthy of clinical promotion.

scholarly journals F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission computed tomography in the diagnosis of pleural metastases from breast carcinoma

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 764
Author(s):  
Murat Saricam
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Pleural Effusion ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Pleural Effusions ◽  
Fdg Uptake ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Positron Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Pleural Metastases

Background: This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission computed tomography (PET/CT) in identifying the pleural invasion of metastatic breast cancers.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted to include 75 patients with untreated breast cancer who had undergone thoracoscopy to drain pleural effusions and to perform pleural biopsies. Whole group of patients were evaluated in terms of age, type of primary breast cancer, macroscopic appearance of pleura during thoracoscopy, maximum standardized FDG uptake value (SUV) reported by PET/CT scan in addition to presence of malignancy detected in pleura and/or pleural effusion.Results: All of 75 patients were female and mean age was 56.12±11.70. Metastatic disease was diagnosed in the pleura of 40 (53.3%) and in the pleural effusion of 43 (57.3%) patients. The sensitivity and specificity of PET/CT in detecting pleural metastases of breast carcinoma was calculated as 88.2% and 96.2% whereas PET/CT demonstrated sensitivity of 91.9% and specificity of 91.3% in identifying malignant pleural effusion. Cut-off values of FDG uptake were 4.25 for pleural metastases and 3.85 for malignant pleural effusions. PET/CT also indicated a false negative rate of 12.5%, a false positive rate of 16.28% and an overall accuracy rate of 85.33% in the diagnosis of pleural metastasis of breast carcinoma.Conclusions: PET/CT reporting an FDG uptake over 4 in the pleura or pleural effusion is beneficial in managing the patients with the suspicion of pleural metastases from breast cancer.

scholarly journals Detection of Pulmonary Embolism with Gallium-68 Macroaggregated Albumin Perfusion PET/CT: An Experimental Study in Rabbits

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aziz Gültekin ◽  
Mustafa Çağdaş Çayır ◽  
Ayşe Uğur ◽  
Ferda Bir ◽  
Doğangün Yüksel
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Ct Perfusion ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Macroaggregated Albumin ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Medicine Physician ◽  
Gallium 68 ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the use of gallium-68 ( 68 Ga) macroaggregated albumin (MAA) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) perfusion imaging combined with Technegas single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) ventilation imaging in rabbits with experimental pulmonary emboli (PE). Methods Technegas SPECT/CT ventilation and a 68 Ga-MAA PET/CT perfusion scan (V/Q scan) were performed in 12 rabbits before and one hour after artificial induction of PE. Technegas SPECT/CT and 68 Ga-MAA PET/CT images were evaluated by a nuclear medicine physician who recorded the presence, number, and location of PE on a per-lobe basis. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of Technegas SPECT/CT and 68 Ga-MAA PET/CT for detecting PE were calculated using a histopathological evaluation as a reference standard. Results A total of 60 lung lobes were evaluated in 12 rabbits, and PE was detected in 20 lobes in V/Q scans and histopathological analysis. The overall sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 100%, 100%, and 100%, respectively, for both the Technegas SPECT/CT and 68 Ga-MAA PET/CT V/Q scans. Conclusion Technegas/ 68 Ga-MAA V/Q scans have good sensitivity, specificity and accuracy in the detection of PE in this animal model study.

scholarly journals EANM dosimetry committee series on standard operational procedures: a unified methodology for 99mTc-MAA pre- and 90Y peri-therapy dosimetry in liver radioembolization with 90Y microspheres

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Chiesa ◽  
Katarina Sjogreen-Gleisner ◽  
Stephan Walrand ◽  
Lidia Strigari ◽  
Glenn Flux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Calibration Method ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Improve Calculation ◽  
Voxel Dosimetry ◽  
Lung Shunt

AbstractThe aim of this standard operational procedure is to standardize the methodology employed for the evaluation of pre- and post-treatment absorbed dose calculations in 90Y microsphere liver radioembolization. Basic assumptions include the permanent trapping of microspheres, the local energy deposition method for voxel dosimetry, and the patient–relative calibration method for activity quantification.The identity of 99mTc albumin macro-aggregates (MAA) and 90Y microsphere biodistribution is also assumed. The large observed discrepancies in some patients between 99mTc-MAA predictions and actual 90Y microsphere distributions for lesions is discussed. Absorbed dose predictions to whole non-tumoural liver are considered more reliable and the basic predictors of toxicity. Treatment planning based on mean absorbed dose delivered to the whole non-tumoural liver is advised, except in super-selective treatments.Given the potential mismatch between MAA simulation and actual therapy, absorbed doses should be calculated both pre- and post-therapy. Distinct evaluation between target tumours and non-tumoural tissue, including lungs in cases of lung shunt, are vital for proper optimization of therapy. Dosimetry should be performed first according to a mean absorbed dose approach, with an optional, but important, voxel level evaluation. Fully corrected 99mTc-MAA Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT)/computed tomography (CT) and 90Y TOF PET/CT are regarded as optimal acquisition methodologies, but, for institutes where SPECT/CT is not available, non-attenuation corrected 99mTc-MAA SPECT may be used. This offers better planning quality than non dosimetric methods such as Body Surface Area (BSA) or mono-compartmental dosimetry. Quantitative 90Y bremsstrahlung SPECT can be used if dedicated correction methods are available.The proposed methodology is feasible with standard camera software and a spreadsheet. Available commercial or free software can help facilitate the process and improve calculation time.

scholarly journals MODERN OPPORTUNITIES OF PET/CT IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF PROSTATE CANCER

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 115-122
Author(s):  
V. V. Vyazmin ◽  
R. A. Zukov ◽  
N. G. Chanchikova ◽  
E. A. Levchenko ◽  
V. I. Chernov
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
English Language ◽  
Distant Metastases ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Primary Prostate Cancer ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Diagnostic Capabilities

The purpose is to present a modern data on the possibilities of positron emission computed tomography combined with computed tomography (PET/CT) in the diagnosis, staging and monitoring of prostate cancer (PC).Material and Methods. A search and analysis of the largest domestic and English-language databases (Elibrary, PubMed, Elsevier, etc.) on this problem was carried out. 37 sources were found devoted to studying the results of clinical trials of the diagnostic capabilities of PET/CT with various radiopharmaceuticals.Results. The presented data on the possibilities of PET/CT with various radiopharmaceuticals in the diagnosis of primary prostate cancer, imaging of lymphogenous and distant metastases, as well as in assessing the effectiveness of treatment.Conclusion. This review of the literature showed that the use of PET/CT in prostate cancer largely depends on the chosen radiopharmaceutical. Moreover, it is PET/CT with PSMA-based radiopharmaceuticals that is the most promising method for examining patients with prostate cancer and can be recommended as an additional study in cases where other methods of radiation diagnostics do not give an unambiguous answer. The development of new and improving the already used radiopharmaceuticals, which will increase the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the diagnosis, staging, monitoring and prognosis of treatment of prostate cancer, remains relevant.

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